06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The purpose of the research is to assess the ability of reclamation plantations of walnut and black nut on the accumulation of heavy metals in their phytomass – leaves, shoots, and fruit. The studies were conducted in the Rostov region, the Krasnodar and the Stavropol regions. In the samples of vegetative aboveground and soil (under the canopy nuts) we have defined qualitative content of total forms of heavy metals of Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr. This ability is the accumulation of heavy metals in leaves, shoots and fruit that fall from the atmosphere. Later, the bulk forms of these metals with the annual litter come to litter, and then – into the soil
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THE USE OF MOLECULAR BREEDING METHODS RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH OF BARLEY (REVIEW)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In recent years, due to the increasing aridity there was an increase in the frequency of epiphytoties leaf disease of barley. Therefore, we can see now how greatly increased the need for the creation of resistant grades. Introduction of the selection marker will significantly speed up the breeding process for resistance to pathogens. Employees of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection recommended three genes - Rpt 1b, Rpt 5, Rpt 6 to control the resistance to the pathogen Pyrenophora teres for use in breeding programs in the North Caucasus. Rpt 5 gene is one of the most efficient one, because it determines the resistance to the eight isolates of the fungus Pyrenophora teres of different origin. In 2011, Australian scientists have discovered microsatellite markers called Bmag0173 and HVM74, closely linked to the gene Rpt5, which are used very effectively in order to marker-assisted selection of resistant grades in Australia and Canada. Due to the urgency of creating new genotypes carrying resistance genes to net blotch, that would be effective in the Southern Federal Region, the staff of All-Russian Scientific-research institute of Grain Crops after I.G. Kalinenko and the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant after N.I. Vavilov has developed a practical strategy for the use of molecular techniques to create barley grades resistant to this pathogen, which is being successfully implemented
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OENOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF MERLOT VARIETY AND ITS CLONES IN DIFFERENT ZONES OF GROWTH
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents results of studying the oenology and the biochemistry of the Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes in different areas of the Krasnodar region - Taman, Anapa, Abrau-Dyurso, Gelendzhik and Krasnodar. The yields, the mechanical composition of the grapes, the biochemical indicators of the juice of berries were compared. The cultivation zone affects the yield, the average mass of the bunch, the number and mass of berries in the bunch, the mass of the crest, but according to the percentage of berries and crest in the bunch, the bunch structure (ratio of mass of berries to mass of the ridge) does not significantly differ between growing zones. The mass of 100 berries and 100 seeds, the weight of seeds in 100 berries, the clustering index (the ratio of pulp with juice to peel) can differ in different places of growth, but with insignificant coefficients of variation. The composition of the bunch as a percentage of the total mass varies little over the growing zones: the ridges make up 5.6- 5.7%, the skin 4.9-5.2%, the seeds 4.8-4.9%, the pulp with the juice - 84.3-84.5%. Structural and berry indicators varied in the range of 5.4-5.5 and 76.84, respectively. Depending on the place of cultivation, the yield of the grape must in laboratory conditions was 75.1-75.7%. Analysis of the structure, composition and the structure of bunches showed that the mechanical composition of Cabernet-Sauvignon refers to the first group of varieties that retain their valuable characteristics when changing the growing conditions. When harvesting, the mass concentration of sugars was 19-19.8%, titrated acidity - 8.1-9.2 g / dm3, pH - 3.3- 3.4. Depending on the place of cultivation of the content of organic acids in the juice of berries was: wine - 4917-5918 mg / dm3, apple - 1926-2763, lemon - 215-416 mg / dm3. In different places of cultivation in% of the total amount of organic acids studied, the content of tartaric acid varied from 61.7 to 71.4%, apple - from 24.7 to 33.3%, lemon - from 3 to 5%. Thus, the content of organic acids in the juice of Cabernet-Sauvignon berries depends on the specific growing conditions. Depending on the growing places, the mass concentration of potassium cations is 2630-3508 mg / dm3, sodium 162-436, magnesium 171-230, calcium 185-255 mg / dm3. However, in most cases, as a percentage of the total cation content, there are no differences depending on the site of growth. Thus, the biochemical parameters of the juice of CabernetSauvignon berries depend on the specific natural conditions of the terrain and, according to these parameters, the variety belongs to the second group of varieties with less plasticity to different growing conditions
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
There are given the results of long-term research of different forms of soil nitrogen content and their relationships with the content of total nitrogen in leaves and yield. It was detected a strong positive correlation among them hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil and total nitrogen content in the leaves and yield. It is proposed the use of this index for diagnostic of soil nitrogen supply
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the material of forecasting for grape yield of next year and establishing the optimal loading if cutting of bushes. The material includes 14 varieties of grapes, 11 of them are technical and 3 are table ones. For each year of stable high yield of grapes, it is necessary to pre-set the optimum length of fruit cutting of shoots and optimum load on the bush healthy eyes. To do this for each variety on the eve of trimming bushes we perform optimum productivity analysis of wintering buds of fruit along the length of shoots, i.e. we implement forecasting of grape yield for next year. We have a plan of forecasting for yields of vineyards by microscopy of wintering buds on one-year shoots of fruit ripened grapes in order to establish the potential of embryonic establishment of inflorescences in the central holes of buds. Based on the analysis of buds, the indices were calculated for wintering fruiting buds and their degree of damage during the growing season. It was revealed, that the majority of grape varieties under study shows high tab embryonic inflorescences in central buds in overwintering buds for next year yield. Higher rates at a rate of fruiting buds were wintering in the varieties: Moldova (section 27). - 1.66; Bianca (section 6). - 1.83; Kunlean (section 15). - 1.71; Merlot (section 14). - 1.64; Saperavi (section 56). - 1.76. The lowest rates of fructification - the varieties Muscat Hamburg (section 21) and Augustine (section 11) and were respectively 1.20 and 1.24. As a planned productivity, we offered the optimal loading model of cutting bushes buds. As a result of productivity analyzes of buds along the length of the fruit shoots in 2016 we recommended to carry out pruning of fruit annual shoots 3-4 buds of the form of AZOS-1 and the form of cordon - 5-6 buds
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OPTIMIZING CONDITIONS FOR INTRODUCTION OF RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY INTO CULTIVATION IN VITRO
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
We have studied survival and regeneration rate of raspberries and blackberries buds when introducing into cultivation in vitro during October. The rate was significantly higher for buds taken in October than that for ones taken in February. At the first stage of micropropagation, for the most of studied varieties of raspberries, cultivation on nutrient medium contained BAP (0.5 mg/l) and GA (0.2 mg/l) was most successful; for blackberries, increasing concentration of hormones (BAP to 1.0 mg/l and GA to 0.5 mg/l) was better
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Great practical and theoretical interest comes with a study of the transformation of calcium agrobiogeochemical in agro-ecosystems. The basis of the stability of the soil, as an element of the structure and functioning of the biosphere, constitutes historically approved biochemical cycles and flows of matter and energy, which remain unchanged under anthropogenic impact. Comparative analysis of the total content of calcium leached black soil allowed us to establish its decline after three rotations of grain and grass-tilled crop rotation. Without the use of fertilizers its reduction from baseline was 5.25% in the layer 0-20 cm and 3.87% in the 20-40 cm layer, with their introduction - 9.14 and 9.35%, respectively. This trend suggests a decrease in calcium reserves in the root zone of leached black soil in its agricultural use; this process is more active when using mineral fertilizers. This is obviously due to a large outflow of elements in the fertilizer background with harvest crops, and partly due to the influence of mineral fertilizers as chemical reagents on mineral soils, resulting in the release of calcium and moving it into the lower soil horizons. Along with the total content of calcium and its forms, we have analyzed the activity of calcium ions and calcium potential
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents three-year data on the influence of different fertilization systems and predecessors (corn for silage and peas) of winter wheat in the rotation on the dynamics of content in the 0-20 cm layer of black leached soil of mineral nitrogen, of available phosphorus, of potassium, and yield of winter wheat. The materials presented in this article indicate that, regardless of its predecessor in all phases of plant development, the under study fertilizer systems significantly increased the content of mineral nitrogen on the indicators of natural agrochemical background on 1,1-29,3 mg/kg; maximum contents was registered in the settlement system of fertilizer. After a seeded fallow predecessor the fertilizer systems significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil at 1,5-16,6 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium in the 6-57 mg/kg. The maximum indices of both indicators were observed in the settlement system of fertilizer. Analyzed fertilizer systems contributed to a significant increase in wheat yield relatively to control 0,82-2,24 t/ha on a busy couple 0,74-1,6 t/ha for maize silage, 1,44-2,42 t/ha peas. Maximum productivity of winter wheat in the experiment was fixed at the fertilizer system after a busy couple, and was 6,19 t/ha
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INFLUENCE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS OF GARLIC BULBS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The influence of protective coatings on quantitative loss of garlic was investigated at its warm) and cold storage under various conditions of relative humidity. The following varieties of garlic people's selection were studied: winter varieties – Tian Shansky, Otradnensky; spring varieties – Sochinsky and Iglinsky Local. Paraffin-ceresin composition (PK-1) was first proposed as a protective hydrophobic coating of garlic bulbs and its combination was scientifically based (the main component is paraffin, plasticizer is Ceresin C-65 and surface-active supplement is a fraction of synthetic fatty acids). Physical and mechanical performance properties of PK-1: melting temperature 58 C; resistance at 20 C 1,0 МПа; volumetric shrinkage 15%; plasticity 0,5·10-4 1/МПа; water vapour permeability 6,5g/m2 per day.Waterproof properties of hydrophobic protective coatings (paraffin-ceresin PK-1, alloy of paraffin with beewax PК-4, paraffin without supplements P) were compared with hydrophilic water solution of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5. According to the increase of the moisture-proof properties, the investigated coatings form the following series: P. PWS -5, PК-4, PК-1. The maximum efficiency of garlic storage under various temperature conditions and relative air humidity was achieved when using a protection film of PК-1. Compared with control (without coating) PК-1 reduced moisture loss in garlic bulbs for 3-13 times depending on the variety, and storage duration of winter garlic varieties increased for 2 times. Iglinsky Local is the most moisture resistant of all the investigated varieties, and Tian Shansky variety is less moisture resistant
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CREATION OF INITIAL MATERIAL FOR BREEDING OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES TOLERANT TO SMUT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The key task of the agriculture in Russia is the further improvement of grain production. Thus, prevention of losses of winter wheat yields because of the diseases remains relevant. The significance of varieties tolerant to diseases, especially to smut (fungus) is of primary importance. Therefore, it’s essential to create initial material for breeding of the varieties tolerant to smut. According to the results of the trials with artificial infection with pathogens, among the samples of winter wheat there have been identified varieties belonging to different groups of tolerance to smut. They are a highly sensitive cultivar ‘к-69361’ (Korea), a sensitive variety ‘Izyuminka’ (Russia), moderately sensitive variety ‘Asket’ (Russia) and almost tolerant variety ‘1621/03’ (Russia). We studied the reaction of the hybrids F2 on infection with smut in different variants of hybridization to obtain stable progeny. The correlation between the number of infected plants in parent and hybrid (F2) populations have been considered. The productive tillering of the plants has been determined in all variants of the trials; it was the least one on the plants with 100% of infected leaves. The hybrids F3 and F 4 have been distributed according to the degree of their tolerance to smut. For further work we have selected the lines with practical resistance to smut (fungus)
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