06.01.00 Agronomy
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INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE TECHNIQUES ON THE AGROPHYSICAL STATE
Description
This article discusses some elements of the Brigade cultivating winter wheat varieties using different doses of fertilizers (N50P50K120 and N100P100K240) in four tillage options (plowing, chisel loosening, disc chopping and zero treatment). The experiment was conducted in a multifactorial stationary conditions. The considered agrotechnical techniques have led to a change in the density, hardness and structural composition of the soil. The most optimal values of these parameters have been obtained by using plowing and chiseling
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ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF BAKING WHEAT BREAD WITH ADDITION OF FLOUR OF SORGHUM GRAIN
Description
The article presents organoleptic and physicochemical characteristic of baking wheat bread with 25% addition of flour of sorghum, and also wheat flour
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Description
An integral assessment of the resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing is given. The limits of the stability of fruit agrocenoses under technogenic impacts are substantiated. Regressive dependencies were established for technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used: capital (depreciation), working capital (consumption of materials and the coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage intensity). The optimal parameters of resource-intensiveness of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing are substantiated
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TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL DEPLOYMENT
Description
The article presents the results of research on the impact of tillage technologies on the value of its density in the cultivation of winter wheat in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of a long-term stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, layer-by-layer, small, surface). The soil density was fixed at spring tillering of winter wheat and at the end of the growing season. Conducted analysis of variance shows that the soil has relaxation abilities, i.e. over time, it restores its properties by compaction ability, since studies conducted during the period of tillering of winter wheat show that Ffact. Ftable. (5,794,76), i.e. methods of treatment have an impact on soil compaction, which cannot be said for the case at the end of the growing season of winter wheat. The ability to restore its properties is a remarkable property of the soil, as it prevents them from over-compaction. The energy intensity of the compacted soil treatment increases to 30%, while the degree of crumbling is significantly reduced and its lumpiness increases. The most fundamental way to reduce the density of the soil is its timely loosening by working bodies of agricultural tools. Tillage methods affect soil density, the correlation coefficient between tillage methods and soil density varies between 0,929-0,979. The most radical way of soil decompression is exposure to it by a certain type of working bodies
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Description
This article is devoted to the definition of criteria for the functioning of agrocenoses. It is determined that the functioning of agrocenoses largely depends on the resource potential: used ecological zones, applied technologies, technological operations and regulations. The basis of effective reproduction and sustainability of agrocenoses is the optimal balance of resources used. The work purpose is the substantiation of optimal parameters of resource intensity of the technological processes in horticulture and the determination of the limits of sustainability of agrocenoses under anthropogenic influences. The integrated assessment of resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing for optimization of its parameters of resource intensity is given. The optimum of reproduction possibilities and limits of stability of agroecosystem components in comparability with the level of technogenic load is achieved by means of regulation of permissible anthropogenic loads in separate elements of agroecosystem and resource balance of elements and processes. The limits of sustainability of fruit agrocenosis under anthropogenic influences are substantiated as well. Regression dependences on technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used are established: capital (depreciation), turnover (material consumption and coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage). The complex coefficient of efficiency of the economic mechanism of resource saving is defined. The article substantiates optimal parameters of resource-intensive production and technological processes in industrial horticulture. We have also calculated the normative value of the total index of resource intensity of technological processes
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Description
The growth-regulating activity of naphthalenesulfonylamide and pyrazolopyridines derivatives was studied under laboratory and field tests on tomato plants. We have found substances with high growth-regulating effect. The vegetative mass of plants, the number of ovaries in the hand, the size of the fruit, the yield and the sugar content of the fruits increased under the influence of the growth regulators
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EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES APPLICATION ON WINTER WHEAT CROPS
Description
To increase productivity and quality, as well as to reduce the cost of production of winter wheat in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region is of great importance to find the most effective methods of agricultural culture, in particular, the protection of crops from weeds. The work determines most effective herbicides for pre-germination use against annual dicotyledonous, including resistant to 2,4-D and MCPA, and some perennial root-spray weeds in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region. The efficiency of different terms of application of the herbicide called Ballerina on winter wheat crops in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region was studied. The greatest biological effectiveness of herbicides is provided by spraying winter wheat crops in the tillering phase with Ballerina herbicide with the norm of 0.3 l/ ha. We have discovered low biological effectiveness of Gerbitox herbicide against Matricaria inodora (L.), Fumaria officinalis (L.), Artemisia vulgaris (L.) and Cirsium arvense (L.). Best experience quality indicators of winter wheat grain were observed in the variant with the lowest contamination of crops when spraying in the phase of tillering a Ballerina herbicide 0.3 l/ha. The content of trash was 7.1%, nature 790 g/l, gluten content of 26.4 %, group 2 quality, and the commodity class – 3. Good quality indicators were also observed in the variant with Ballerina herbicide treatment of 0.5 l/ha in the tube exit phase. The highest level of profitability was obtained when spraying winter wheat crops in the tillering phase with Ballerina herbicide 0.3 l / ha-116%, and the lowest on the control was without treatment with herbicides - 74%
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Description
The article considers the introduction of organoleptic analysis of seeds into the line of first seed growing as a new method of increasing the consumer qualities of confectionary sunflower varieties. The carried-out researches allow making conclusions that it is necessary to use the nurseries of seed assessment not only for preservation and improvement of economically valuable signs of confectionary varieties but as well as for perfection of consumer qualities of manufactured raw materials in the process of selection-seed growing work with confectionary sunflower. The offered technology of organoleptic analysis was approbated in the department of science in Ltd Company SSE “Genofond” and is successfully used in the selection-seed growing program
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OPTIMIZATION OF WHEAT GRAIN PROCESS GERMINATION CONDITIONS
Description
The article discusses the need to control the technological parameters of wheat germination. A method of intensification of this process is proposed by pretreatment of grain with ultrasonic effect using the ULTA-0.63 / 22-OL apparatus UZTA-0.63 / 22-OL, Biysk. We have evaluated various modes of ultrasonic processing of the grain and their effect on the germination energy and the total number of nested and sprouted grains. We have also conducted optimization of grain processing conditions during germination. Based on the technological capabilities of the device and the optimal modes of ultrasonic exposure, the following exposure parameters were determined: 340 W and 5 minutes of exposure (soft wheat grain) and 397 W and 6 minutes of exposure (grain of durum wheat). The authors note that the intensification of this process significantly depends on varieties and qualities of wheat grain, since the process is complex and depends on many parameters. The use of ultrasonic treatment allows intensifying the soaking process and reducing the duration of this technological operation up to 6 hours for both samples of grain of soft and durum wheat. At the same time, for the necessary moistening of the grain, a ratio of water and grain for 1: 1 is sufficient, since there were no significant differences in the intensity of grain moistening
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Description
For the effective development of modern industrial gardening, it is necessary to maximize the use of the biological potential of cultivated varieties of fruit crops. In order to identify the most valuable for use in breeding and production of varieties and elite forms of apple regional and foreign selection studied the features of growth and fruiting of apple genotypes. The objects of study are 14 varieties and 2 elite forms of apple. In the work, programs and methods of selection and sorting studies that are generally accepted and developed with the participation of employees of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW were used. According to the results of many years of research, low-growing apple varieties that are promising for breeding and production have been identified: the Golden Crown, Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chif, Sunrise, Novella, Talisman, and the elite form 12/2-20-35. Low-growing varieties with a convenient vertical crown are distinguished: Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chief. Selected varieties of regional breeding: immune to scab Carmen and highly resistant to scab Favorite Dutovoy, possessing a complex of significant features: fruitful, low growth, with a vertical form of crown as the most valuable for use in breeding and production
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