05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers a kinematic analysis of the leaves distribution mechanism in the device for placing the tobacco leaves into container using analytic method. These researches allow defining optimal geometric parameters of this device theoretically
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article introduces a study on the creation of a simulated physical and mathematical model of the working process of a strip thrower, throwing soil in a directed flow. The problem solved with the help of this work is aimed at optimizing the cutting and ejection process in a given direction of the soil with minimal energy consumption with a maximum emission range. The article describes a methodology for calculating the milling thrower, which is oriented to the formation of the required amount of soil to create a mineralized strip at the edge of a forest bottom fire. Improving and realizing the full reproduction of physical and mathematical models using process simulations, you can save resources on the development of forestry aggregates. The study presents a productive method of processing soil with milling cutters, which helps to reduce energy consumption due to the formation of oriented mineralized flows of soil. For a physical and mathematical description of the process, a simulation program has been compiled that allows you to test the specific task of minimizing energy consumption at a maximum distance of soil discharge with a constant flow density to the rotational speed of the milling throwers
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionIn modern combine building over the past few years, there has been a trend towards increasing the productivity of machines and, as a consequence, their physical weight. However, as the weight of the combine harvester increases, the necessary condition for its movement in the field in the course of work is to meet the requirements for its support area. As a result, manufacturers have to increase the size and number of wheels of the machine. One solution to this problem is to replace the wheelset of agricultural machines with replaceable rubber track modules. In this case, the very principle of calculation of the main technical characteristics of the engine changes, and if we are talking about the drive axles of agricultural machinery, the calculation methods can be roughly approximated to the calculation of tracked machines with metal tracks. However, in the case of driven axles, there is an intersection in the calculation methods between the classic calculation of the wheel chassis and the calculation of the tracked chassis. The problem is that the tracked chassis are not usually guided like the wheels, so the calculation methods need to be refined by introducing new evaluation criteria because of new power factors in the track module. The article proposes an alternative calculation model to calculate the maximum resistance torque of a track module on a rubber track
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JUSTIFICATION OF THE RIGIDITY OF COMPOSITE BARS OF A POTATO HARVESTER ELEVATOR
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionHigh-strength steels are used to increase the reliability of potato harvesters. With the advent of new materials and new technologies in agricultural engineering, it is possible to significantly reduce the mass of working bodies, to reduce energy costs. The elastic system of the composite elevator bar, unbalanced by the impact of the component of the potato heap, is in oscillatory motion. An increase in the height of the fall, and hence the speed of collision with the bar of the component of the potato heap, determines the amount of deflection of the composite bar. During vibrations, in addition to static deformations, dynamic ones are added, depending on the magnitude of the impact force. It was established that a bar made of composite material should have the following parameters: elastic modulus E = 55000 MPa; the diameter of the composite bar d = 0,012 m
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SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SIZE OF A COMBINED DEVICE FOR TILLAGE AND SOWING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents a methodological approach to the rational selection of the optimal working width by the example of a combined tillage unit using original software. To select the optimal working width of a combined soil cultivating unit, the initial data are: make (type) of the tractor (power tool), unit cost of the machine and tractor unit in comparable prices, production time of the machine and tractor unit to perform the technological operation at a given operating speed with a clear compliance with agrotechnical requirements, both to the technological operation itself, and, directly, to the agricultural machine. As an example, we consider a combined semi-mounted modular tillage and sowing unit for grain crops and the MTZ-82.1 tractor. In this unit, the main working bodies are S-shaped spring teeth and rollers. Based on the performed analytical studies of the pre-sowing (surface) tillage process and the application of theoretical modeling methods, mathematical dependencies have been developed to determine and further analyze the energy-technological parameters of combined tillage units with dynamic working bodies. The performed calculations according to the developed method allow us to choose the optimal working width of the combined soil cultivating unit
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EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EQUIPMENT FOR TOBACCO GREEN LEAF PROCESSING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEfficiency of tobacco green leaf processing can be increased by utilizing innovative equipment and technology improving. As a part of research and postgraduate work technology and equipment for tobacco green leaf processing were elaborated. Elaborated equipment consists of set of devices for preparing tobacco leaves for drying, drying and packaging of dry tobacco. Basic element of the equipment is double-sided needle, designed for threading the tobacco leaves and their further curing directly on the needle. The set of devices is patented and has passed experimental testing. This equipment is implemented in scientific and economic activity of the institute. Testing the equipment for large quantities of tobacco has proved the efficiency of new technology for preparing and curing the tobacco leaves and confirmed the validity of technical solutions and characteristics of manufactured equipment. It is determined that 50 devices for double-sided needle arrangement are sufficient per 1 ha of tobacco field. Leaf mass per one double-sided needle can reach 3 – 4.5 kg, depending on weather conditions. Carried experiments have proved the necessity of cutting the upper part of the petioles when placing long stemmed tobacco sorts and periodic distribution of leaves on the needle during the curing. Performing these operations led to obtaining the cured tobacco of high quality. Results of the semi-industrial experiments have proved the efficiency of elaborated technology. Utilizing of innovative equipment is recommended for industrial production of dried tobacco
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PERSPECTIVE SYSTEM FOR MECHANIZATION OF FIELD CROPS CULTIVATION
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionIn the article we performed an analysis and generalization of the accumulated results of scientific research and best practices in the problem of creating and using machines and technologies in field cultivation of the Krasnodar region; their shortcomings are revealed, as well as ways and means of increasing the efficiency of field crop production through innovative technology machines. Attention is paid to eliminating the violation of agrotechnical, environmental requirements, complexity and quality work performed by serial equipment; unreasonably dependent nomenclature of technical means and high labor costs and means compared with foreign technologies, proposals have been developed for a system of machines for mechanizing field cultivation, which includes the I450 mobile power tool, Belarus tractor 1523 and 890, the fertilizer sprayer TUNAN-1, E5-1, KZR combines -12 and CF-10, a fundamentally new loop of cars for mobile power is based on multifunctional units, assembled from serial single-operation machines according to the inventions of KubSAU, and machine technologies based on the use of multifunctional units strictly comply with the farming system and the fulfillment of the above requirements. The transition of agricultural enterprises to new technologies for the production of field products is justified, including a “non-spring” for cereals, legumes and oilseeds, a new system of tractors and trailed combines that are not inferior to self-propelled, but much cheaper. The new mechanization system provides a breakthrough in the efficient production of crop production in accordance with the estimated technical and economic indicators
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PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF LASER SURFACING AT RESTORATION OF DETAILS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe main component of agricultural production is machinery, which is a complex technical system (harvesters, agricultural machines, tractors, cars, etc.). The practice of operation of technically complex machines shows that, in general, the process of replacing worn parts and working devices of agricultural machinery with new ones prevails, and the number of restored products is small. However, experience shows that the technological process of restoration of machine parts allows you to get high quality surfaces of such parts and reduce the cost of repair. One of effective methods of restoration of surface layers of details is gas-flame spraying with the subsequent laser reflow. The article presents the results of the study of the zone of thermal influence in steels U8A and St3, as well as the influence of laser reflow regimes on its microhardness in these steels. It is established that the higher the laser power and the lower the speed of movement of the optical head, the larger the size of the thermal influence zone. Conversely, the lower the power of the laser and the higher the speed of movement of the head, the smaller the size of the zone of thermal influence. The power of the laser and the speed of movement of the optical head slightly affect the value of microhardness. It was also noted that promising areas in the field of restoration of parts of agricultural machines laser welding are: a scientific rationale for the selection of powders; the study of regularities of changes of the microstructure parts, regularities of formation of layers; development of modes and justification of regimes of welding; and, ultimately, the development process of restoring the specific parts
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe aim of the study is to determine the parameters of the Archimedes spiral to construct the geometry of the disc of the shredder of long-stemmed feeds. The article describes the sequence of constructing the curved portion of the geometry of the disc of the shredder of long-stemmed feeds, based on Archimedes spiral. Criteria for building the disk on the second and subsequent turns of the spiral of Archimedes and obtained the dependence of disk diameter from the size of its protrusions. The conditions of Archimedes spiral construction depending on the number of disk protrusions are determined
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APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC-MAGNETIC DEVICES IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF GREENHOUSE COMPLEXES
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article discusses scale formation problems of greenhouse complexes with geothermal heat sources. Two-circuit geothermal heat supply systems with intermediate heat exchangers are used to prevent equipment and communications scale. Fresh softened water is heated by geothermal heat and is supplied to consumer needs. The heat exchanger and primary circuit communications contacting with the geothermal heat carrier (geothermal water) are subjected to scale formation in the existing system. A scale formation of heat exchange surfaces reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger and requires a periodic cleaning and causes a chain of economic losses in the production, transportation and consumption of heat. Currently, we use physical, chemical, biological and combined methods of scale formation prevention. The article also considers hypothesis about the effect of an acoustic-magnetic field on solutions. It was found experimentally, that the acoustic-magnetic field affects to characteristics and dimensions of salt crystals. The number of particles increases and solid phase dimensions decrease. A large number of microcrystals suspended in water are formed as a result of the nonchemical acoustic-magnetic treatment of geothermal water. These crystals do not stick to the pipe surface and do not settle to the bottom, may be filtered out and carry out by water flow from the system