06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
-
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The work shows the effect of the Regalis preparation on the formation and biochemical composition of organs of apple tree plants (using the Gala variety as an example). Experiments were carried out in 2016-2019. Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Planting bookmark - 2007. Tree planting scheme 4.0 × 1.0 m., Irrigation - drip. The soil of the study area is ordinary chernozem (carbonate). It was found that under the action of treatments with the Regalis preparation significant changes are recorded in the structure of fouling wood and the area of the sheet apparatus. The use of a growth regulator helps to accelerate the completion of tree growth processes. This is evidenced by a decrease in the content of IAA in the tops of shoots, by 12% in comparison with the control. The “Regalis” had a significant impact on ensuring the stable fruiting of plants of the Gala apple tree. The annual one-three-time treatment of trees with this preparation in a dose of 1.25 kg / ha provided a stable increase in yield to 14.2-16.3 kg from one tree. Moreover, on average for four years, the best results were recorded in the variant with 2-fold treatment with Regalis (16.3 kg-tree). Further analysis of the yield and commercial qualities of the obtained fruits showed that two and three-fold processing contributed to the production of fruits from 38.5 to 40.8 t / ha, which is 10-11.7 t higher than the control, while increasing the yield of marketable fruits up to 13.3 - 14.0 tons
-
YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY OF VOLZHSKY PERVIY VARIETY DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT SOWING RATES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies the effects of different sawing rates of witer barley on crop yield. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education in the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy at the Novinki training experimental establishment from 2015 to 2018 on light gray forest soils. The object of research was Volzhsky Perviy variety of winter barley. We studied different sowing rates: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare. The predecessor was clean fallow. On average, over 3 years of research, we observed the seeds field germination rate of 84.0-84.5%. The survival rate of plants at harvest was quite satisfactory 51.4-69.3%. We have noticed that an increase in the seeding rate from 2 to 7 million units / ha has led to a decrease in survival rate of plants by 17.9%. The highest grain yield in the experiment - 4.47 t / ha was obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. An increase in the seeding rate from 2.0 to 7.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha has led to an increase in the density of the productive stalk from 252 to 367 pcs / m2. The number of grains per spike in the study varied within a narrow range from 38 to 39 pieces, whereas the weight of 1000 grains varied from 32.7 to 33.8 g. We observed high spike productivity from 1.260 to 1.303 g due to the high number of grains per spike. Volzhsky Perviy variety of winter barley, showed good tillering ability when cultivated in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The coefficient of total tillering capacity varied from 2.03 to 2.78, whereas the productive tillering capacity varied from 1.99 to 1.42
-
PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article gives a review of the results of studying the features of the formation of sugar corn grain yield depending on the application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers used for sowing and fertilizing. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodarsky Sakharny 280 SV (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v. / ha), factor B - root nitrogen fertilizing (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main mineral fertilizer was applied at a dose of N30P60K60, under the main tillage - plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. Four-fold repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the highest yield of ears of sugar corn in milk ripeness - 14.60 and 14.71 t / ha, respectively, was obtained on options with the addition of N30 when sowing + N15 or N30 in root dressing. A further increase in the dosage of nitrogen to 60 kg.d.v./ha does not lead to an increase in yield. The highest level of profitability was obtained with the option of sowing nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg.d.v / ha in combination with nitrogen for top dressing at a dose of 15 kg.d.v / ha (N30 + N15)
-
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article provides an overview of the results of a study of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers (sowing and top dressing) on the growth and development of sugar corn plants. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodar Sugar 280 NE (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / b (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v / ha), factor B - root nitrogen top dressing (b / b (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main fertilizer was applied in the background at a dose of N30P60K60, under plowing. Repeating four times. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the phases of “seedlings” and “5-6 leaves” did not depend on nitrogen fertilizers. The “panicle panning” phase in the variants with the introduction of nitrogen occurred 2 days later, and the phase "milk ripeness on the cob" - for 1 day. The height of the plants of the control variant was 202 cm. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen, the height of the plants of sweet corn increased. The maximum (12 cm higher) plant height was on the option using N30 for sowing and root dressing
-
SEARCHING FOR NATURAL ANTIMICOTICS EFFECTIVE AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
Progress in crop production depends on many factors; including the important measure is the protection from pathogenic microorganisms. Various chemicals are used to control phytopathogens, such as natural and artificially synthesized ones. Natural compounds are more environmentally friendly, in most cases less toxic and quickly destroyed. The purpose of this work was to find strains of actinobacteria that have antifungal activity and are considered by us as possible sources of antifungal compounds for agricultural purposes. We selected 10 strains of actinobacteria that were isolated from typical regions of Russia. These strains were active against the fungal test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259 and Aspergillus niger INA 00760 when deep cultured. To determine the activity of selected actinobacteria against phytopathogenic fungi, 6 strains isolated from affected plants were used as tests. Morphological and genetic analysis methods have shown that the selected actinobacteria strains belong to two genera and are represented by the following species: Nocardia soli, Streptomyces antibioticus, S. bottropensis, S. chartreusis, S. chromofuscus, S. hydrogenans (2 isolates), S. lusitanus, S. netropsis, S. peucetius. Phytopathogenic fungi are represented by the following species: Fusarium armeniacum (2 isolates), Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria tenuissima (2 isolates), Bipolaris sorokiniana. As a result, it was found that under conditions of submerged cultivation on nutrient media, actibacteria form substances that inhibit the growth of all phytopathogenic tests used in the experiment. The representatives of species N. soli INA 01217, S.chromofuscus INA 01211, S. lusitanus INA 01218, S. netropsis INA 01190 and S. peucetius INA 01255 have not been described as having antifungal activity previously, so we consider them to be the most promising for chemical research to identify new antifungal antibiotics
-
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEFK GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE CROP YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies the influence of the plant growth regulator of the retardant type called HEFK (AS 480 g/l of etephone) on the yield and structural elements of winter wheat of Moskovskaya 39 variety under the conditions of the OAO Veryakushi Agricultural Entreprise, located in the north-eastern part of Diveyevo region on gray forest medium loamy soil. Field studies were being carried out for three years: from 2016 to 2019. We studied different application rates of HEFK: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 l / ha. The processing of winter wheat crops was performed in the phase of the beginning of exit into the tube. On average, over 3 years, the indicators of field germination of seeds and the survival rate of plants at harvest were good and amounted to 88.4-89.2% and 80.1 - 81.3%, respectively. The processing crops by HEFK in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha, showed the highest crop yield of - 4.07 and 4.12 t / ha, which exceeded the control rate by 0.29 and 0.34 t / ha, respectively. The growth regulator did not showed a significant effect on the density of the productive stem. At the same time, the treatment of HEFK crops in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha showed an increase in the spike productivity by 0.121-0.133 g due to an increase in spike grains by 3 pcs. In the variant with a HEFK use rate of 1.0 l / ha, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 0.6 g compared to the control rate. An increase in the dose of the growth regulator significantly reduced the height of wheat plants from 72.1 cm in the control group to 48.0 cm in the variant with a product application rate of 2.0 l / ha. The spike length in the variants with the application rate of HEFK of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha was at the control level - 7.0-7.1 cm, whereas an increase in the dose of the growth regulator to 1.5-2.0 l / ha showed the decrease in the length of the spike by 0.5-0.8 cm. When using growth regulator HEFK resistance of crops to lodging varied from 4.7 till 5.0 points
-
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article considers the types of functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. We have substantiated the necessity of developing methodological bases for ensuring and managing the stability of reproduction processes. Methodological bases for managing the stability of reproduction processes have been developed, taking into account the specifics of industrial fruit growing as a complex organized system, consisting of biological, technogenic and economic subsystems. We have also proposed an algorithm for ensuring and managing the sustainability of reproduction processes, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial production. The work reveals and defines factors influencing the level of sustainability and efficiency of reproductive processes, the relationship and interaction between result indicators and factor variables; it identifies emerging imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. Using methods of mathematical statistics, we calculated an integral indicator of the functional stability of reproductive processes and gave its semantic interpretation. It was found that the structural elements of reproduction processes are inconsistent with the actual indicators that characterize functional stability, with the normative parameters. This trend makes it necessary to develop a mechanism for managing sustainability and tools for influencing functional zones in order to bring actual indicators to the standard level. When developing tools for sustainability management, the following were clarified: management methods, process goal setting, functional load of the management object, level of organization, various restrictions (criteria) related to the specifics of technological and economic relationships and mutual influences. We have developed a mechanism for ensuring and managing the functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing by its types, including the following stages: automated database formation; cognitive analysis of the influence of factors on the functional areas of influence by types of stability; assessment of functional stability and justification of the integral indicator; filling in, compensating for missing information, generating information data; determining the optimal parameters of functional stability; developing regulators for leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes that ensure effective and sustainable management of industrial production
-
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
In the article, we have studied the influence of biological nitrogen deposition on the physical and chemical parameters of natural semi-sweet wine, on the example of two grape varieties – classic European Chardonnay and interspecific hybrid Ekaterinodar, including amino acids and aroma-forming components. It is established, that the use of the proposed technology contributes to the active consumption of amino acids by yeast in the fermentation stage. At the same time, yeast cells consumed most actively alanine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic, aminobutyric, glutamic acids, leucine, lysine, Sirin, tyrosine, threonine. A slight increase in the concentration of amino acids was observed at the end of fermentation, when the yeast cells entered the stationary phase of development. However, the content of all amino acids, with the exception of Proline, in the wine material was less than in grapes and fermenting wort. As a result of biological nitrogen deposition in experimental versions, the concentration of nitrogen compounds (total and amine nitrogen) was three times less than in the control ones. There is a difference in the concentration of flavor-forming components in wines prepared from both grape varieties using different technologies. In experimental versions, we observed a greater accumulation of almost all components of the aroma-binding complex (especially esters, terpenes, phenylethanol, and ionone), with the exception of higher alcohols. Experimental samples of natural semi-sweet wines from the Chardonnay and Ekaterinodar grape varieties were characterized by a bright floral and fruit aroma and had a higher tasting rating in comparison with the classic technology
-
EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF L-EXPRESS FOOD AGROCHEMICAL
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
In the study, there is an estimation of the biological effectiveness of the agrochemical called “L-express food L-Express-Mangamino”, based on buckwheat. As a result of the research, it was found that non-root feeding of buckwheat plants: the first - in the branching phase, the second-in the budding phase with organomineral fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: l-Express-Mangamino contributed to immune modulation and increased plant adaptability to stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature. Powdery mildew, ascochitosis, false powdery mildew, gray rot spread on the experimental versions did not receive. The use of organic fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: L-Express-Mangamino had a significant impact on the safety of plants. The safety of plants when using fertilizer at a dose of 1 l / ha was 72%, 1.5 l / ha-74.3%, 2 l / ha-75.2%, which is higher in comparison with the control by 0.9%, 3.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Balanced nutrition of buckwheat plants during the growing season contributed to an increase in the number of stems, inflorescences, the number of seeds per plant of buckwheat, the weight of 1000 seeds, increase productivity by 1.1-1.2 times. The positive effect of agrochemicals on the quality of buckwheat grain was established. The size increased when using increasing doses of agrochemicals by 1.0%, 3.1% and 5.2%, respectively, relative to the control
-
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
These studies are devoted to determining the characteristics of changes in some physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet cherry plants that arise under the influence of the main damaging factor of the spring period - frost and associated with the resistance of the plant organism to the action of stressor. The studies were carried out in 2012 and adjacent 2018-2019 in the fruiting plantations of cherries of the Kuban zone located on horticultural soils: leached chernozem and alluvial meadow. We studied sweet cherry varieties of different resistance to frost. Samples for analysis were selected according to the background of naturally prevailing positive air temperatures. The plant material was frozen in the Binder climate chamber KB 53 for 4 hours at a temperature of 2.5 ± 0.2 ° C. According to the results of the experiment, sweet cherry plants that differ in early flowering are more susceptible to the temperature stressor in the spring in comparison with late flowering plant organisms. Meanwhile, the resistance of plants to frost depends not so much on the date of differentiation of the generative buds, but on the efficiency of the physiological and biochemical activation mechanisms under the influence of an unfavorable synthesis factor in the flowers of indolylacetic acid, which is responsible for the efficiency of the onset of fruit formation, and ultimately a more complete implementation potential productivity. An important indicator of the stability of a plant organism is the degree of change in the content of this phytohormone
pdf 159.045kb
doc 159.045kb