06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents data from 3-year observations of the weather conditions influence on the effectiveness of applied fertilizers in the crops of the Yantar variety of coriander on leached black soil (chernozem) under the conditions of land use at the training and experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The materials presented in the article indicate that the agrometeorological conditions of 2016 and 2017 as a whole were most favorable for the formation of a coriander crop. As studies have shown, the amount of precipitation during the spring-summer period of the growing season of the crop was 337 mm, which is 11% higher than the long-term average. The year 2018 in terms of climatic indicators turned out to be significantly worse than the previous two years, the amount of precipitation during the coriander vegetation period turned out to be 125 mm or 58% lower than the long-term average, which significantly affected the crop yield this year. In the most optimal agroclimatic indicators in 2016, the maximum increase in crop productivity was noted on the N60P60K60 variant - 0.49 t / ha, on the same option in moistened 2017, the increase level was 0.39 t / ha. Last year2018 was marked as extremely arid, the maximum increase in coriander yield was noted on the option with P60 and amounted to 0.35 t / ha. It was established that the maximum increase in the yield of coriander oil seeds on average in the experiment on leached chernozem was achieved with the options: P60 is 0.37 t / ha, N60P60 is 0.41 t / ha, N60P60K60 is 0.34 t / ha, which significantly higher than other fertilized experience options. The economic efficiency of the coriander seeds production, depending on the types and combinations of minerals, turned out to be most effective when applying a single mineral fertilizer, P60, compared with other options for experience, an increase in profit to 17500 rubles and the level of profitability of production by 23%
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe work shows the effect of the Regalis preparation on the formation and biochemical composition of organs of apple tree plants (using the Gala variety as an example). Experiments were carried out in 2016-2019. Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Planting bookmark - 2007. Tree planting scheme 4.0 × 1.0 m., Irrigation - drip. The soil of the study area is ordinary chernozem (carbonate). It was found that under the action of treatments with the Regalis preparation significant changes are recorded in the structure of fouling wood and the area of the sheet apparatus. The use of a growth regulator helps to accelerate the completion of tree growth processes. This is evidenced by a decrease in the content of IAA in the tops of shoots, by 12% in comparison with the control. The “Regalis” had a significant impact on ensuring the stable fruiting of plants of the Gala apple tree. The annual one-three-time treatment of trees with this preparation in a dose of 1.25 kg / ha provided a stable increase in yield to 14.2-16.3 kg from one tree. Moreover, on average for four years, the best results were recorded in the variant with 2-fold treatment with Regalis (16.3 kg-tree). Further analysis of the yield and commercial qualities of the obtained fruits showed that two and three-fold processing contributed to the production of fruits from 38.5 to 40.8 t / ha, which is 10-11.7 t higher than the control, while increasing the yield of marketable fruits up to 13.3 - 14.0 tons
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the experiment, the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem was studied. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol Territory when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the experiment, we have studied the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we have examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol region when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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SEARCHING FOR NATURAL ANTIMICOTICS EFFECTIVE AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionProgress in crop production depends on many factors; including the important measure is the protection from pathogenic microorganisms. Various chemicals are used to control phytopathogens, such as natural and artificially synthesized ones. Natural compounds are more environmentally friendly, in most cases less toxic and quickly destroyed. The purpose of this work was to find strains of actinobacteria that have antifungal activity and are considered by us as possible sources of antifungal compounds for agricultural purposes. We selected 10 strains of actinobacteria that were isolated from typical regions of Russia. These strains were active against the fungal test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259 and Aspergillus niger INA 00760 when deep cultured. To determine the activity of selected actinobacteria against phytopathogenic fungi, 6 strains isolated from affected plants were used as tests. Morphological and genetic analysis methods have shown that the selected actinobacteria strains belong to two genera and are represented by the following species: Nocardia soli, Streptomyces antibioticus, S. bottropensis, S. chartreusis, S. chromofuscus, S. hydrogenans (2 isolates), S. lusitanus, S. netropsis, S. peucetius. Phytopathogenic fungi are represented by the following species: Fusarium armeniacum (2 isolates), Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria tenuissima (2 isolates), Bipolaris sorokiniana. As a result, it was found that under conditions of submerged cultivation on nutrient media, actibacteria form substances that inhibit the growth of all phytopathogenic tests used in the experiment. The representatives of species N. soli INA 01217, S.chromofuscus INA 01211, S. lusitanus INA 01218, S. netropsis INA 01190 and S. peucetius INA 01255 have not been described as having antifungal activity previously, so we consider them to be the most promising for chemical research to identify new antifungal antibiotics
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TO THE QUESTION OF INTENSIFICATION OF BEAN AND CEREAL GRASS MIXTURE DRYING UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and functional organization of cereal and legume-cereal seed with intensive use in order to develop a model of agrophytocenoses with productive longevity and feed quality. A set of techniques has been developed to optimize the basic conditions of existence of highly productive, natural vegetation and on this basis to use grass stands rationally, create highly productive agrophytocenoses, and also grow artificial agrophytocenoses instead of degraded ones, helps to eliminate the negative consequences of the unreasonable exploitation of vegetation cover, improve its condition, significantly increase productivity and qualitative composition of natural ecosystems
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MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BIOHUMUS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of microbiological composition of biohumus and humic substances obtained by fermentation method according to the technology developed by the authors. The problem of processing livestock wastes is caused on the one hand by the occurrence of large volumes of them, and on the other hand by the addition of such important elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., which can be used as bioelements. The goal of research was to develop a technology for the production of humic compounds from biohumus and to study the microbial communities that occur in them. Results of researches showed that for biohumus with high content of humic substances, bovine manure must be composted with chopped straw at the ratio of 8:1. Biocomposting of manure and crushed straw using the developed technology enables to obtain biohumus containing humic substances of 20 g/l. Among the physiological groups of biohumus microorganisms, the most numerous groups are aminoautotrophies and ammonifiers - 231.6×106 and 130.33×106 CFU/g, respectively. At the same time the grouping of cellulose-decomposer actinomycetes in biohumus was quite numerous and amounted to 0.93×103 CFU/g.
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe work is devoted to studying the nature of the effect of various doses of the drug called "Regalis" on the formation of the vegetative and generative organs of apple plants. Years of research - 2016-2019 Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Plantations were laid in 2007. Planting pattern 4.0 × 1.0m., garden irrigated, with support. The soil of the site is ordinary carbonated black soil (chernozem), the thickness of the humus layer is up to 120-140 cm. As a result of field and laboratory studies of the condition of 9-12 year old Gala apple trees grafted on P-59 rootstock, it was established that the annual treatment of apple trees for different phenophases with a preparation Regalis at a dose of 1.25 kg / ha has a significant effect on both the size and the number of vegetative and generative formations. It was determined that triple treatment of apple trees with regalis in 43.11% reduces the number of shoots longer than 60 cm, and double - by 31.39%. Structural changes in the distribution of vegetative and fruitful formations per 1 meter were noted in axial branches of the first order. Under the influence of the drug, the number of full-fledged “closed” buds in 2017 increased by 88.8%, and in 2018 by 70.9% compared with the control. The use of triple treatment with Regalis significantly reduces growth activity and has a positive effect on the passage of organogenesis of apple flower buds
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers the types of functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. We have substantiated the necessity of developing methodological bases for ensuring and managing the stability of reproduction processes. Methodological bases for managing the stability of reproduction processes have been developed, taking into account the specifics of industrial fruit growing as a complex organized system, consisting of biological, technogenic and economic subsystems. We have also proposed an algorithm for ensuring and managing the sustainability of reproduction processes, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial production. The work reveals and defines factors influencing the level of sustainability and efficiency of reproductive processes, the relationship and interaction between result indicators and factor variables; it identifies emerging imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. Using methods of mathematical statistics, we calculated an integral indicator of the functional stability of reproductive processes and gave its semantic interpretation. It was found that the structural elements of reproduction processes are inconsistent with the actual indicators that characterize functional stability, with the normative parameters. This trend makes it necessary to develop a mechanism for managing sustainability and tools for influencing functional zones in order to bring actual indicators to the standard level. When developing tools for sustainability management, the following were clarified: management methods, process goal setting, functional load of the management object, level of organization, various restrictions (criteria) related to the specifics of technological and economic relationships and mutual influences. We have developed a mechanism for ensuring and managing the functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing by its types, including the following stages: automated database formation; cognitive analysis of the influence of factors on the functional areas of influence by types of stability; assessment of functional stability and justification of the integral indicator; filling in, compensating for missing information, generating information data; determining the optimal parameters of functional stability; developing regulators for leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes that ensure effective and sustainable management of industrial production
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DETECTED GRAPE VARIETIES OF AFGHANISTAN
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article reports in color on the characteristics of the three varieties and their clones that are common in Afghanistan. In the process of ampelographic screening of vineyards in Afghanistan, three varieties previously undescribed in Russian literature under the local names Aita, Gundyan and Shandyhani were discovered. Their identification by ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics made it possible to establish the original Aita variety, the Gundyan variety as a synonym for Guladan and Shandyhani as a synonym for the world famous Sultanin, or Kishmish. The described varieties are quite common in Afghanistan, reputable in economic returns and are still promising for cultivation in their country, where they are successfully used in the manufacture of dried products and high-quality diet juices. To identify the impact of various environmental conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, these varieties must be tested in all zones of different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation