06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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THE RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF COMBINED UNITS IN THE CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIssues related to the use of combined aggregates in soil preparation are relevant and of scientific and practical interest. The relevance is increased when it comes to the cultivation of the main crop – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results on the efficiency of using combined aggregates in preparing soil for winter crops are important primarily from a practical point of view. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of long-term stationary experience in the Federal state budgetary institution «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy», Zernograd, Rostov region. The article considers the efficiency of using the combined unit APK-4, developed in "SKNIIMESH" now Federal state research institution of the «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy» in the cultivation of winter wheat. The structural and technological scheme of a combined unit, the technological process of which consists of several technological operations performed at the same time, is justified. Disk working bodies crush plant residues and destroy weeds. This creates a network of cracks in the underlying soil horizons. Next, there are flat-cutting working bodies that loosen the soil to a set depth. The root system of weeds is pruned, the remaining loosened soil layer is loosened to the required depth, the formation of a smooth bottom of the "furrow", and the separation of erosive soil particles to the bottom of the furrow. Next, the roller starts working – a lump-crushing sealer, which provides crushing of soil lumps on the surface and sub-compaction of the treated layer. The last in the technological chain is a mulching roller, which provides the formation of a compacted seedbed for seeds with simultaneous mulching of the compacted soil layer. The use of the combined unit in the technology of winter wheat cultivation allowed to reduce the number of technological operations by 1,5-2,5 times, increase the productivity of winter wheat by 11-13% and the cost of production by 10,4-18,3 %
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the production of seeds of sugar beet hybrids, based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), we use single-fruited male sterile (MS) and ungrown fertile pollinator (Fp) plants as components of the cross. Sugar beet has a two-year development cycle. In the first year, root crops intended for growing seeds are formed, in the second year, a rosette of leaves grows from the vegetative roots of the root crop, and flowering stems grow from the generative buds. The article presents the planting method for seed production of MS of sugar beet hybrids under irrigation during summer thickened sowing. This method allows you to grow root crops-plugs with a yield factor of planting material 1: 6, 1: 7. We have also considered technological methods for growing root crops-plugs of the parent components of MS sugar beet hybrids on irrigation. The features of moisture supply and mineral nutrition systems were studied. The techniques of sowing technology and the formation of density of planting, care of crops, as well as methods for the protection, harvesting and storage of mother beets, contributing to the production of high-quality planting material, have been developed
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EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF L-EXPRESS FOOD AGROCHEMICAL
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the study, there is an estimation of the biological effectiveness of the agrochemical called “L-express food L-Express-Mangamino”, based on buckwheat. As a result of the research, it was found that non-root feeding of buckwheat plants: the first - in the branching phase, the second-in the budding phase with organomineral fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: l-Express-Mangamino contributed to immune modulation and increased plant adaptability to stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature. Powdery mildew, ascochitosis, false powdery mildew, gray rot spread on the experimental versions did not receive. The use of organic fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: L-Express-Mangamino had a significant impact on the safety of plants. The safety of plants when using fertilizer at a dose of 1 l / ha was 72%, 1.5 l / ha-74.3%, 2 l / ha-75.2%, which is higher in comparison with the control by 0.9%, 3.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Balanced nutrition of buckwheat plants during the growing season contributed to an increase in the number of stems, inflorescences, the number of seeds per plant of buckwheat, the weight of 1000 seeds, increase productivity by 1.1-1.2 times. The positive effect of agrochemicals on the quality of buckwheat grain was established. The size increased when using increasing doses of agrochemicals by 1.0%, 3.1% and 5.2%, respectively, relative to the control
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ASSESSMENT OF FROST RESISTANCE IN WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the research on the evaluation of frost-resistant varieties of winter barley. Frost resistance is the main criterion for winter hardiness of winter crops. To promote the area of cultivation of winter barley in colder areas, production needs high-hardy varieties. Recently, due to the warming of the climate in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region, it is almost impossible to reliably and accurately determine the winter hardiness of winter crops in natural (field) conditions. In this regard, breeders in their work, in order to identify frost-resistant forms, use the method of direct freezing of breeding and collection material. During our research, the evaluation of the test material was carried out using a modified method developed by academician V. M. Shevtsov. This method allows the most accurate and efficient determination of the critical temperature for a particular sample in a short period of time. Varieties and lines were placed in the EKSI refrigeration unit for a certain period of time. Then they were taken out, and at the end of time, the percentage of plants before and after freezing was calculated. As a result of the conducted research, we have selected highly frost-resistant forms that differ in a complex of economically valuable features and properties
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PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionWe have studied 17 strawberry varieties due to their economically valuable traits: the number of berries (pcs per plant), average fruit weight (g), biological yield (g per plant), firmness of fruit (g). Among the studied varieties is 6 - Honeoye, Alba, Belrubi, Asia, Nelli, Bogota are zoned varieties; 3 - Djeni, Elegia, Kemia is a new varieties of local selection and 8 an introduced varieties from the EU - Joly, Onda, Galia, Vivaldi, Rumba, Florence, Alina, Molling Opal. The purpose of the work is to identify the strawberry varieties which are promising for industrial production in the south of Russia among new strawberry varieties of local selection and introduced varieties. Based on two-factorial analysis of variance according to 2018-2019 studies there were revealed significant differences between the genotypes of varieties for all studied parameters. It is shown that the greatest differences in the variability of traits are observed by the “year” factor. The varieties were ranked according to the values of the smallest significant difference for each individual trait. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis on a complex of traits we have identified strawberry varieties which are showing the prospect for industrial cultivation. In the new varieties of strawberries as Joly, Vivaldi and Rumba the values of yield and quality of berries are comparable to the best zoned varieties, such as Nelli, Asia and Bogota
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PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article gives a review of the results of studying the features of the formation of sugar corn grain yield depending on the application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers used for sowing and fertilizing. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodarsky Sakharny 280 SV (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v. / ha), factor B - root nitrogen fertilizing (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main mineral fertilizer was applied at a dose of N30P60K60, under the main tillage - plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. Four-fold repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the highest yield of ears of sugar corn in milk ripeness - 14.60 and 14.71 t / ha, respectively, was obtained on options with the addition of N30 when sowing + N15 or N30 in root dressing. A further increase in the dosage of nitrogen to 60 kg.d.v./ha does not lead to an increase in yield. The highest level of profitability was obtained with the option of sowing nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg.d.v / ha in combination with nitrogen for top dressing at a dose of 15 kg.d.v / ha (N30 + N15)
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies on the influence of the conditions of the Piedmont horticulture zone of the Krasnodar region and the shape of the crown on the productivity of apple trees. Objects of study were trees of winter apple varieties Idared and Renet Simirenko grafted on MM 106 rootstock. The trees were planted according to the 5 × 3 m pattern. In the eighth year, the rounded crowns were transformed into flattened across the row (from the eastern and western sides of the tree) to crown width 2.0 ... 2.5 m. Orientation of rows was from east to west. The garden is located on the northern slope with a slope of 3 degrees. Scheme of experiment: option 1 - sparse-tier crown (control); option 2 - flattened crown. In the experiment, 2 variants; in each variant, 10 typical trees were taken. Repetition tree plot. The place of the experiment is Abinsky district of the Krasnodar region. Agrocounts of indicators of fruiting of apple trees were carried out according to generally accepted methods, statistical processing of research results was carried out by the method of analysis of variance described by B.A. Dospekhov. The results of our studies showed that flattening the crown of apple trees contributes to an increase in the number of fruits formed on them per unit volume of the crown in the variety Idared to 10.1 kg or 1.87 times, and per m2 of the projection of the crown to 15.5 kg or 1.72 times more than crowns without flattening. In the variety Renet Simirenko, the number of fruits according to the same indicators increases by 1.86 and 1.74 times. Also, when flattening crowns, the yield of apples from one tree in the Idared variety increases by 9.6%, and in the Renet Simirenko variety decreases by 7.7% compared with the control
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE DENSE OF THE STATION OF PLANTS AND SEED DRILLER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article gives an overview of the results of a study of the growth and development of corn in the conditions of the Northern zone of the Krasnodar region depending on the density of plant standing and seed treatment. The object of the research was an early-ripe hybrid of Ross 199 corn. Two factors were studied in the experiment: factor A - plant stand density (60, 70 and 80 thousand units / ha), factor B - seed dresser (Maxim XL (k) and Maxim Quatro). The subject of research is included in the thematic plan of scientific research of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of KubSAU. The total area of the plot is 1008 m2, the accounting area is 672 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 8, including accounting - 4. plots The plots are placed systematically. Repeating: 3-fold. The predecessor is winter cereal crops (wheat). The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The studies have established that the duration of the interphase and vegetation periods of corn plants depended on the density of plant standing, and with the thickening of crops, it decreased, and protectants did not affect this indicator. In all phases of determination, the maximum height of corn plants was noted with a plant standing density of 80 thousand units / ha. The studied dressers Maxim XL and Maxim Quattro had practically no effect on height. The diameter of the second internode decreased with thickening of the crop
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article provides an overview of the results of a study of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers (sowing and top dressing) on the growth and development of sugar corn plants. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodar Sugar 280 NE (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / b (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v / ha), factor B - root nitrogen top dressing (b / b (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main fertilizer was applied in the background at a dose of N30P60K60, under plowing. Repeating four times. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the phases of “seedlings” and “5-6 leaves” did not depend on nitrogen fertilizers. The “panicle panning” phase in the variants with the introduction of nitrogen occurred 2 days later, and the phase "milk ripeness on the cob" - for 1 day. The height of the plants of the control variant was 202 cm. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen, the height of the plants of sweet corn increased. The maximum (12 cm higher) plant height was on the option using N30 for sowing and root dressing
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IMPROVING THE CHEMICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING WEEDS ON SUNFLOWER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionCurrently, there is no effective chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop, except for systems that provide for the use of herbicides called Evro-Laiting, Zonator or Express. The disadvantage of these systems is the limited composition of cultivated sunflower hybrids and high costs. The article presents a research on the development of an effective system of chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop. The greatest effect in the suppression of weeds in sunflower crops was observed by application of the herbicides Goal 2E and Senator on the germination of crop. In these versions of the experiment, the highest seed yield and oil harvest are also noted. However, the use of the Zonator is limited only to drug-resistant sunflower hybrids. The use of the herbicide Goal 2E is possible on any varieties and hybrids of sunflower. Despite the damage to the first two real sunflower leaves when using the herbicide Goal 2E for vegetation, the plants are fully restored, which does not significantly affect the productivity of the crop. The proposed schemes for using herbicides can improve the technological and economic efficiency of controlling monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in sunflower crops