06.02.10 Private animal husbandry, technology of production of animal products (agricultural sciences)
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FATTENING QUALITIES AND MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF SALSKAYA SHEEP BREED OF IMPROVED GENOTYPES
Description
Improvement of domestic breeds of Merino sheep remains an important task. The reorientation of the industry to wool-meat and meat-wool direction of productivity can contribute to the restoration of domestic sheep breeding. An example of such conversion is a relatively young breed called Dzhalginsky Merino, created in the Stavropol region on the basis of the Stavropol breed with the involvement of resources of domestic and world breeding. In the current situation, it seems relevant to use Dzhalginsky Merino, in order to improve the meat and wool qualities of sheep of domestic fine-wool breeds. Obtaining a new genetic combination of animals, formed by combining the genotypes of breeds Salsky, Stavropol and Dzhalginsky Merino will increase the efficiency of the industry in a market economy and will provide a more complete use of the productive potential of the breed. The results of studies on obtaining and use of animals, new genetic combinations of a wool – meat direction of productivity, with high energy of growth, meat and wool productivity, improves the efficiency of Merino sheep are an important theoretical justification for making a contribution to zootechnical science, with the aim of improving fine-wool breeds of sheep and can be used in practical work in the production of high quality lamb
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MAINTENANCE AND USE OF BREEDING COWS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
Description
Considering the fact that in Russia the development of dairy cattle breeding is based on increasing milk production in terms of providing this product, the further increase in milk yield and quality of cow's milk remains important. Some farms in Russia, including the Krasnodar region, have reached high milk production rates in whole herds of up to 12-13 thousand kg of milk per cow. Today it is important to “propagate” such farms. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to study their livestock breeders experience, approaches to the selection of cattle (calves, heifers, cows), to form herds of animals that can get high milk yield under the conditions created for them. The farm in which we conducted our scientific research is distinguished by the fact that much attention is paid to maintaining a high level of breeding and breeding, as well as to creating optimal factors for keeping, feeding and caring for animals. Agroholding Step includes 5 farms in divisions: one in the Kuban Step, two in public company of shareholders “Rodina” and two in shareholder company “Novoplastunovskaya” Three farms are located in the village of Chelbasskaya, where the cowsheds were reconstructed and equipped with new equipment. In the village of Novoplastunovskaya, new buildings were built in the territory of the old farm, and the 4th farm was built in 2018 in the new territory. All farms contain highly productive breeding cows of the Holstein breed. The Russian information programs “Selex-Dairy Cattle” and Israeli program “AfiFarm” were introduced. We have studied zoohygienic conditions in various buildings of dairy farms in the spring, where animals are constantly kept. The results obtained indicate that the cows are kept in comfortable conditions, allowing them to eat a balanced diet in accordance with their needs and to avoid many stresses what is important for the secretion of milk. Indicators of genetic potential for milk production of cows and the effectiveness of its manifestation are also determined
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Description
The article discusses the relevance of the use of protected amino acids (lysine and methionine) in animal husbandry of the Krasnodar region, using the example of the farm "Krasnodar". The highest milk yield was obtained from cows with the combined addition of lysine and methionine in their diet. In relation to control (CR), the average daily milk yield in the group with combined additives (CR+L+M) was 38.4 kg/day. In addition, there was a positive effect of lysine and the combined additive (CR+L+M) on protein and fat in milk. Protected methionine (CRM) had no effect on the yield of fat and protein in milk. It was noted that additives of protected amino acids in groups with lysine and combined amino acids reduced the cost of dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) per kg of milk. The results of our studies have shown that the productive milk response and its components are affected by the amount of the first limiting amino acid in the diet. Also, the supply of protected lysine changed the plasma concentration of animals and improved the availability of amino acids for milk protein synthesis
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OSTRICH EGGS
Description
The article carries out an analysis of morpho-chemical parameters of ostrich eggs when l-carnitine is included in the diet. Studies were conducted on two groups of ostriches: I-received a standard diet, II-to the standard diet received L-carnitine at a rate of 300 mg per 1 kg of feed. From April to August we were studying the ostrich egg production, morphological composition of eggs, chemical composition of albumen and yolk, the amino acid composition of egg yolk, the level of cholesterol, fatty acids including saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated. It has been determined, that L-carnitine increases the egg production of ostriches by 24%. The weight of protein in the groups was 56.9-56.2%; yolk-27.6-26.7%; shell-16.4 -16.2%. The amount of cholesterol in the egg yolk of the 1st group ostriches was 12.2 mg, in the 2nd one it decreased by 7.4% (P>0.95) and amounted to 11.3 mg per gram of yolk. The level of amino acids in the egg yolk of the 1st and 2nd groups was approximately equal. The number of fatty acids in the 1st and 2nd groups was: saturated 39.5 and 39.7%, monounsaturated 49.99 and 49.80%, polyunsaturated 10.37 and 10.47% respectively. The sum of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in ostrich eggs was 60.36 - 60.27%. The sum of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids is 10.18 and 10.25%. Ratio ω3: ω6-1: 3,3. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated acids was approximately 1:3, and polyunsaturated + monounsaturated to saturated-1.52 units (approximately 1.5 : 1).
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PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES USED IN PIG FARMING
Description
The article provides a review of domestic patent information on the effectiveness of using modern probiotic feed additives in pig farming practice. The inclusion of probiotic feed additives in the diets of pigs is aimed at excluding pathogenic and opportunistic microflora from the intestinal microbiocenosis, increasing the productive action of feed and intensifying metabolic and immune processes in the organism. The introduction of probiotic feed additives into the diet of pregnant sow and suckling pigs, as well as weaned piglets, allows achieving high indicators for the safety and productivity of young animals, which is very important for the cost-effective development of production. The ability of probiotic feed additives to normalize the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of newborn piglets provides increased resistance to mass gastrointestinal diseases, as well as increasing the safety and viability of piglets. Thus, probiotic feed additives are an important component of the modern diet of farm animals at all stages of their development. At the same time, the most popular and effective for modern pig farming are multicomponent probiotic feed additives that contain a complex of probiotic cultures with different biological effects on the organism, sorbents that often act as prebiotics, enzyme preparations and other biologically active substances that provide a positive multifunctional effect on the organism of farm animals
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THE METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT OF GROWING BROILER CHICKENS ZOOHYGIENIC CONDITIONS
Description
Metabolic products, water, dust and litter are released into the air and accumulated in the house when the birds are kept on the litter. The following techniques are available when caring for litter: a) cleaning, b) application of dehumidifiers, c) acceleration of decomposition by special microbiological preparations. The purpose of the experiments is to study the effect of a microbiological preparation in the litter on broiler productivity. Chickens “Cobb-500”, “Ross-308” and “Change-8” were up to 38-42 days old in special boxes. “Sunvit-K” and “Sunvit-K-forte” brought in the litter at the 21-, 28- and 38-day-old age of the bird. These biodestructors with bacteria have increased broiler productivity due to improved hygiene. The best effect was when applying to the litter “Sanvit-K” and “Sanvit-K-forte” at a dose of 20 and 10 g per square meter. м. The final weight of broilers increased by 3.8-5.3%, and EPEF is 346-348 units
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EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN THE BODY OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN USING THE FEED ADDITIVE INNOVIT E 60
Description
Vitamin E, having an antioxidant effect, also has a versatile effect on metabolism. It is proved that vitamin E is necessary for the integrity and optimal function of the reproductive, muscle, circulatory, nervous and immune systems. The feed additive Innovit E 60 was produced in the Russian Federation by the MEGAMIX company using innovative technology, which has no analogues in the world. The article presents the test results of the Innovit E 60 feed additive as a part of premixes for the purpose of enriching compound feeds for broiler chickens with vitamin E. The authors have found that the studied feed additive activated metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens of ROSS 308 cross. Chickens of the experimental group better digested nutrients feed in comparison with analogues of the control group. A significant increase in the digestibility of crude protein by chickens of the experimental groups was found to be 1.11 and 0.92%, crude fat - by 2.11 and 1.85%, BEV - by 2.53 and 2.24%. The deposition of nitrogen in the body of the chickens of the experimental groups is higher than in the control group by 5.73 and 5.05%, and its use from the accepted - by 2.94 and 2.56%. By the end of the feeding, the difference in live weight was 90.3 (4.25%) and 68.5 g (3.22%), and feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain decreased by 0.06 and 0.04 kg. The control slaughter of broiler chickens showed that the slaughter yield in the experimental groups increased: males by 0.6 and 0.4%, chickens by 0.8 and 0.5%; the mass of pectoral muscles of males - by 46.0 and 41.0g, chickens - by 43.0 and 36.0g. The feed additive Innovit E 60 in the diets of broiler chickens helps to improve the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed, increase live weight, slaughter exit and exit of the pectoral muscles
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BEEKEEPING AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF APC DEVELOPMENT
Description
The creation of stable agrocenoses requires ensuring a high pollination rate by maintaining a certain number of bee colonies per unit area. In Russia, over the past four years, the number of bee families has decreased to 3.1 million. For the full pollination of the entomophilous crops available in the Russian Federation, more than 7 million bee families are needed. The shortage of bees in Russia led to a massive import of bee packages from Uzbekistan, which significantly reduced the employment and profitability of residents in Russian agriculture. To ensure socio-economic well-being in rural areas, it is necessary to establish the formation of their own bee packages in the early spring. To do this, it is advisable to use instrumental insemination of bees, which allows to increase the productivity of the bee colonies by 25-40% and receive early bee packages with fetal uterus. It is necessary to carry out technical re-equipment of the industry, having established the production of mobile bee pavilions, beehive loaders, and honey pumping complexes. The development of beekeeping due to the manifestation of the multiplier effect will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the entire agricultural sector of the country
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THE USE OF FEED COMPLEX PALUTENA P-2 IN THE DIET OF THE AFRICAN BLACK OSTRICH
Description
The article presents a research on the influence of Felucene P-2 on the growth of black African ostriches, as well as on the hematological parameters of the blood of ostriches. For the experiment, two groups of ostriches, aged 2 months, were formed: the first one received a standard diet, the second - the Felucene p-2 feed complex was added to the standard diet. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that Felucene P-2 is an effective feed complex of domestic production, allowing under equal conditions of feeding and maintenance to increase the growth and development of young ostriches. From the age of 120 days, an increase in the average daily increase in the live weight of black African ostriches was recorded, and high growth energy of the bird was observed up to the age of 240 days
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Description
The article contains information that allows us to assess the importance of intermuscular abscesses in the range of indicators that affect the quality of pork produced in modern pig breeding complexes with flow technology. Calendar periods with increased rates of carcass rejection at a meat processing plant due to intermuscular abscesses were identified; the numerical value of rejection was established: from 2-3 carcasses from a batch in the "safe" months to 20-30 in the "unfavorable" ones. The article presents opinions of researchers on the causes of intermuscular abscesses are given; the importance of violations of vaccination technology is highlighted; an officially approved immune-prophylaxis scheme used at a large meat processing enterprise in the Krasnodar region. The analysis of the specialist's actions during the implementation of vaccine injections in growing animals was performed, and possible causes of process violations that can lead to the occurrence of an abscess were determined. The work justifies use of in vivo and post-slaughter ultrasound diagnostics of an abscess as a pathological object with certain characteristics. We have also noted the necessity of economic justification for the purchase of a mobile or stationary ultrasound device by a company
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