№ 128(4), April, 2017
Public date: 28.04.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 98, 245 kb
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
ECONOMETRICS AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
Statistical methods are widely used in domestic feasibility studies. However, for most managers, economists and engineers, they are exotic. This is due to the fact that modern statistical methods are not taught in the universities. We discuss the situation, focusing on the statistical methods for economic and feasibility studies, ie, econometrics. In the world of science, econometrics has a rightful place. There are scientific journals in econometrics, Nobel Prizes in Economics are given to series of researches in econometrics. The situation in the field of scientific and practical work and especially the teaching of econometrics in Russia is disadvantaged. Often, individual particular constructions replace econometrics in general, such as those related to regression analysis. The article is devoted to econometrics as an academic discipline. Our course begins with a discussion of the structure of modern econometrics, the connections between applied statistics and econometric methods. We consider sample researches (analysis of surveys results), the elements of econometrics numbers, and methods of testing of statistical hypothesis about homogeneity. We have given the concepts of regression analysis, econometric classification methods, modern measurement theory. The important places are occupied by the statistics of non-numerical data (including fuzzy sets and their links with random sets) and the statistics of interval data. The problem of the stability of statistical procedures with respect to the tolerances of input data and model prerequisites is discussed. The representations of the econometric methods of expert research and quality control, analysis and forecasting of time series, econometrics of forecasting and risks are given
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PROPAGATION AND BRANCHING OF STRAIMERS IN CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
In this work, we develop a model describing the propagation and branching of a streamer in a conducting medium in external electric field. To describe the contribution of the conductivity currents, we modified the standard electrostatic equation taking into account the vortex component of the electric field. As a result of this generalization, the streamer model is formulated in the form of nonlinear equations of parabolic type. In the framework of the proposed model, the problem of the propagation of a streamer in the form of a traveling wave is considered, which leads to the emergence of SaffmanTaylor streamers. For streamers of this type, the branching problem is formulated, which has a unique solution. The dependence of the branch point on the parameters of the problem-the speed of the streamer, the diffusion coefficient of the electrons and the strength of the external electric field, is found. The branching mechanism of the streamer head by dividing it into two parts has been well studied and several alternative models have been formulated for its description. The novelty of the problem in question is that the streamer splits into two three-dimensional channels that are symmetric with respect to the given plane. Numerical experiments also revealed the mechanism of branching of the streamer in the cathode region, connected with the separation of the main channel into several lateral branches. It is noted, that in nature both branching mechanisms are realized, whereas in theory the instability of the surface of the streamer head is investigated
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Description
The article presents data on the growth of an assimilation apparatus of Scots pine, silver birch and pedunculate oak in the conditions of the Lipetsk industrial center. It is established that the growth dynamics of annual and biennial needles of Scots pine under pollution is higher compared to the control, while absolute values of length and mass of needles less. Starting from the second year, in the conditions of contamination noted stunted pine needle growth, which increases by the third year. It is shown that the linear dimensions of the lamina of birch in the conditions of pollution are not changing much compared to the control, whereas the linear dimensions of the lamina of pedunculate oak in the conditions of pollution is less than the control
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ECOLOGICAL PATH "CHOCHUR-MURAN" ON THE NATURAL TERRITОRY OF YAKUTSK BOTANICAL GARDEN
Description
The article presents the data about flora and vegetation of the territory of the Yakut Botanical garden, where an ecological trail will be; there is a characteristic of plant communities and their classification. Preliminary, the flora of the ecological path includes 310 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 54 families and 172 genera
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Description
The article provides information about phytochemical investigation, medical and nutritional importance of fruits of Capparisherbacea L. including CapparaceaeJuss. family in the area of the Nakhchıvan Autonomous Republic. Some solvents had been applied, fruit and leave extracts had been bought. The purification and identification of content of plant extracts had been investigated with spectroscopic and chromotographic methods. The saponins, carotinoids, chlorophyll pigments and flavonoids had been revealed in the content of extracts. The extracts have been acquired from fruits of this species by use of polar and nonpolar solvents and the composition of extracts have been studied with different applied methods. The column and thin layer chromatography carried out in order to purification of contents and extracts were fractionation and Rf values were calculated
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THE CONCEPT OF THE «RNA WORLD»: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Description
The review examines research unusual properties of RNA. RNA has the ability to act as both genes and enzymes (ribozymes). This property could offer a way around the «chicken-and-egg» problem: genes require enzymes; enzymes require genes. Furthermore, RNA can be transcribed into DNA, in reverse of the normal process of transcription. These facts are reasons to consider that the RNA world could be the original pathway to cells. The general notion of an «RNA World» is that, in the early development of life on the Earth, genetic continuity was assured by the replication of RNA and genetically encoded proteins were not involved as catalysts. There is now strong evidence indicating that an RNA World did indeed exist before DNAand protein-based life. RNA has multiple functions. Among these, "messenger RNA" carries genetic information from DNA to protein formation. RNA is often a single-stranded spiral, but also exists in double-stranded form. In 1998, Craig Mello and Andrew Fire discovered through their studies of the roundworm C. elegans a phenomenon dubbed "RNA interference". In this phenomenon, double-stranded RNA blocks messenger RNA so that certain genetic information is not converted during protein formation. This "silences" these genes, i.e. renders them inactive. The phenomenon plays an important regulatory role within a genome. Recent years have been perhaps the most fruitful period yet in terms of research in the area of mRNA stability (Phenomena: Gene Silencing; RNA interference; Identity of mRNA decay in vivo and in vitro). The elaboration of new methods in biothechnology have been presented
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Description
Researches were carried out on three-eyed cuttings of stock of phylloxera-resistant grape varieties Berlandieri×RipariaCober 5BB (Cober 5BB), Riparia× Rupestris101-14 (101-14), Berlandieri × RipariaСО-4 (СО-4), Gravesak and RSB. Cuttings of presented varieties were wetted during 24 hours in water and after preliminary drying of the surface were covered in the upper part with antitranspirant, under the temperature about 90°С. Then 40 cuttings of every variety were placed with lower ends for 24 hours in 0,01% heteroauxin solution or for 8 hours in 1% Radix Plus solution. Cuttings of the control variant were placed in water. After treatment cuttings, were couching in a film greenhouse on a heated rack in humid steamed sawdust. In the result of the present researches there was determined that the wetting of basal ends of cuttings of stock phylloxera-resistant varieties in 1% Radix Plus water solution plus during 8 hours leads to the essential activity of regeneration processes in them. The expansion of the length of shoots on rooted cuttings of the experimental variant amounted for 19,2–154,5 %, the rooting of cuttings - 23,3–76,7 %, the output of cuttings having at least three roots – 33,0–78,1 %, the number of calcaneal roots– 80,8–257,1 %. The maximum increase of the length of shoots under the influence of Radix Plus was observed at varieties of Gravesak and СО-4, the rooting – Cober 5BB and CO-4, the amount of cuttings at least three roots and average amount of roots on them –101-14 and Cober 5BB. The Radix Plus caused the great stimulating influence the rootforming ability of cuttings of stock varieties than heteroauxin, the standard stimulator of root-forming
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VISUAL PHENOTYPING IN PLANT BREEDING
Description
The article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
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Description
The work was done in the research laboratory of the department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kuban State Agrarian University, the aim of which was to select the most appropriate nutrient medium for maximum growth of lactic acid microorganism growth. The object of the study was its own microflora of gastrointestinal tract of quails ‒ Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus intermedius and Lactobacillus salivarius. As a nutrient substrate there were used 4 of the nutrient media: the medium for lactic acid bacteria (city Uglich), the melasse-autolysis medium, the glucose-peptone medium and the MRS. During the cultivation of the microflora of the variable parameters were the time and temperature of cultivation. During the cultivation of microflora the time and the temperature of growing were the variable parameters. In the process of growing there was carried out the analysis of dynamics of consumption of reducing substances and titers of microorganisms. According to the results of growing of microbial cultures there was revealed the active consumption of carbon substrate in used variants of nutrient media, and it was found that there was observed the maximum of cells to 24 h of cultivation. On the basis of carried out results of cultivation on different media and at different parameters there was determined that the most titer of cells was reached to 24 h at the temperature 38,0 °С on the melasse-autolysis medium. So, the melasse-autolysis medium can be recommended in production conditions as the cheaper substrate at the further development of biological preparations for poultry breeding
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Description
Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) for images provides automatic identification of specific characteristics of the given images from the color of the pixels and image edges, the synthesis of generalized images of pictures (classes), identifying the most and the least specific image features for the class, determining values of features of images for their differentiation, deletion low-value characteristics (abstraction) from the model, problem solving for quantitative comparison of specific images with generalized images of classes and generalized images of the classes with each other, and objectives of the study of the simulated subject area by studying its model. The work discusses the new features of the ASC-analysis and its implementing intellectual system called "Eidos" for identifying features of images using their spectral analysis, formation of the generalized spectra of classes, the task of comparison of images of specific objects to classes and classes with each other in their spectra. For the first time, it became possible to form the generalized spectra of classes with weights of the colors according to their degree of specificity and unspecific features for classes, and it is not the intensity of the color in the spectrum, but the amount of information in the color on the linking the object with that color to the class. In fact, there is a question of generalization of spectral analysis by using intelligent cognitive technologies and information theory in the spectral analysis. First, everyone is talking about the fact that spectral lines contain information about which element or substance is included in the object, but no one bothered to count what exactly the amount of information is and then use it to determine the composition of the object pattern recognition methods based on the use of this information. Second, spectral analysis is traditionally used to determine the elemental and molecular composition of the object; we propose to use it not only for that, but also to identify any images. A numerical example has been given
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