06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF SIGNS OF HEAT INDEX IN MAKING PROGNOSIS FOR EMBRYO DONOR COW PRODUCTIVITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researches of the quality of 34 donor cows estrus detection during superovulation induction period, after Pg F2α injections were carried out. The clinical heat index was set up and applied. The clinical heat index is clinical prognostic criterion of successfulness of superovulation induction and embryo productivity. It was shown that donor cows showing signs of oestrus during 48-72 hours after Pg F2α injections had the best embryo collection qualities while certain increase of degenerated or aborted embryos and unfertilized oocytes is determined in embryo collections from cows showing signs of oestrus before or after that period
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CROP YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY GRAIN WITH THE APPLICATION OF VARIOUS GROWING TECHNOLOGIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe experiment considered the influence of different methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley in the dependence of the investigated factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of multifactorial longterm soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa, winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat, corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat, spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary experience is represented by the following factors: the level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B); plant protection system (factor C) and methods of basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship between the influence of the soil fertility level, fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were determined. The soil is chernozem leached superheavy light-clay with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil treatment, seeding method; protective means increase the yield of winter barley and positively influences the elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8 c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%) had a certain influence on the number of productive stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage (32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike
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PRODUCTS OF PROCESSING OF RAPESEED IN FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS AND POULTRY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the current economic conditions of the import substitution, special importance is given to the search for new feed sources, methods of preparing them for feeding, the use of biologically active substances and enzymes. At the forefront of feed production is rape as breeding work with this culture has showed positive results. Currently, selectionists have bred yellow double-zero "00" varieties of rapeseeds free of erucic acid of "Canole" type, that have low glucosinolate level. The development of new and modern technology standards are required for preparation them for feeding, since they are fundamentally different from the previously used rapeseed varieties and have fewer restrictions for feeding to different types of farm animals and poultry. The article presents a fairly lengthy and reasoned review of the literature of a large number of authors on the topic, as well as given rapeseed market analysis, rational and advanced methods of preparing rapeseed processed products for feeding to young and adult animals. Much attention is paid to the use of a variety of biologically active substances and enzymes, which improve digestion and absorption of nutrients from rations with rapeseed processingproducts, increase productivity and reduce feed costs per unit of production. The use of processing products of rapeseed improves the profitability of livestock production. Feeding of rapeseedcake to cattle increases the protein content and volatile fatty acids in the rumen content, increases the number of infusoria and decreases ammonia levels. The inclusion of rape forage in diets of farm animals and poultry improves hematological parameters. Products of rapeseed processing of the varieties with low glucosinolatesa1re recommended for the rations of farm animals and poultry depending on the species, age and physiological state
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionDuration of vegetation period is one of the main adaptive traits for any crop or variety. Reasonability of cultivation of a variety in a particular soil and climate zone is determined by the duration of the vegetative period. One of the aims of breeding is the creation of the varieties with the main vegetative phases lasting at more favorable climatic conditions. The most accurate way to determine maturity group of a variety is by estimation of starting of heading phase, which can be defined with the greatest precision. The article covers the analysis of the duration of the vegetative period of the lines and varieties of winter barley of local and foreign selection in the central zone of Krasnodar region. All the varieties were divided into three maturity groups. The vegetative periods of the varieties were studied during four years. The most favorable and adverse conditions for yield formation were determined. The interactions between the productivity of the varieties depending on maturity group were identified. The varieties of the early maturity group which are more productive than the check were selected, which is most valuable for the breeding of the crop. The best varieties with the high and stable yield and the positive traits are regularly involved in the breeding programs with the porpoise of making new varieties of the winter barley
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EVALUATION OF VERTICAL MATERIAL IN SELECTION TO IMPROVE RICE PRODUCTIVITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIncreasing the productivity of agricultural plants, including rice, is the most important area of breeding. The creation of varieties with vertically leaved architectonics allows to have a qualitative approach not only to the process of formation of a highly productive agrocenosis, but also to solve questions of assessing the productivity of rice. To create highly productive varieties, it is necessary to develop new, more efficient methods of selection
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USING THE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF ANIMALS IN RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN CATTLE FARM WORK SITES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionA fundamental element of the technology is the use of beef cattle in the economic purposes of biological resources of animals. In the development of modern technologies there is a lack of focusing on one of the main features of cattle – its own perception of the environment, that is panoramic (binocular) vision. In the modern cattle breeding we focuse on the development of a variety of exterior signs. However, one of the indicators that affect the behavioral responses of animals (the degree of development of the muzzle and the forehead of the animal, the shape of the head) does not have due importance. The author has conducted its degree of development studies in bulls and cows of different breeds. Along the length of the head, meat breeds (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Simmental, Charolais) gave way to Red Steppe 14.9; 15.5; 5.5 and 5.0 cm (27,5; 28,6; 10,1 and 9,2%, P
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article has considered the influence of modern climate changes on the intensity of erosion processes within the boundaries of the basic landscapes of the region. It has given the results of the spatial distribution of the rainfalls. The most noticeable climate changes of the Bryansk region are reflected in the decrease in the activity of erosion during snowmelt due to the lower amounts of snow and soil frost depth. In the area, the dynamics of rainfall does not detect a single trend. The processes of erosion and deflation are studied in the relationship, the manifestation of these processes on the territory of the Bryansk region. It has published the results of the risk analysis of erosion and deflation on forest soils of the region and justified the application of G. V. Bastrakov’s method for modeling erosion-resistant agricultural landscapes. This approach has a number of advantages over the other known methods. In our case, regardless of soil and climatic and geomorphological conditions, the challenge is to ensure such events in which erosion resistance of the land will not be below a critical value. The research results are the initial data in designing soil conservation activities on the territory of the Bryansk region. The obtained data of the erosive properties of soils from climatic changes enable the study and forecasting of the development of agricultural landscapes of the region in the medium term
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionElements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat variety called ‘Antonina’ with the application of different backgrounds of soil fertility, norms of fertilizers, system of plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases were studied. The studies are conducted in a polyfactorial stationary experiment: factor A - soil fertility; factor B - system of fertilizers; factor C - plant protection system; factor D - methods of basic soil cultivation. In the experiment four models of soil fertility levels were studied: А0 - the initial (natural background); А1 - average (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of litter manure); А2 - increased (doses are doubled); when А3 - high (tripled). Based on the studies it has been established that to obtain a stable yield of winter wheat, an increased dose of mineral fertilizers should be used, which also ensures high grain quality indicators. The maximum yield increase of 37% was achieved on varieties in comparison with extensive technology. A significant increase of the protein content in the grain from 12.8 to 15.3% and gluten from 22.0 to 27.8% was found in the intensive technology - triple doses of fertilizers (NPK) and the use of integrated protection against diseases, pests and weeds. The introduction of high doses of mineral fertilizers contributes to the accumulation in the soil and grain of nitrogen, and also reduces the content of copper and zinc
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DYNAMICS OF CATALASE ACTIVITY IN THE LEAVES OF APPLE TREES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe research was conducted studying the effect of various system of foliar fertigation on catalase activity in the apple orchard with drip irrigation in 2013-2014. The object of research were apple trees of Zhigulevskoye variety grafted on rootstock 62-396 in experimental intensive apple orchard of I.V. Michurin FSC which had been planted in 2007. During vegetation, the following indices were determined in apple tree leaves in dynamics: catalase activity by gasometrical method of M.I Lishkevich on the 3rd and 5 th day after treatments, the content of nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), phosphorus (KFK-3), potassium and calcium (Jenway PFP-7). Data were statistical processed according to the generally accepted methods described by B.A. Dospekhov. It has been established that foliar fertigation increased catalase activity on the 3 rd day after treatment, which then decreases to normal values. So, treatments acted as a stress factor. Correlation of catalase activity with nitrogen content in the leaves increased, and with calcium content decreased as the number of megafol mixed with calcium calbit treatments was enlarged. Using tank mixtures for multiple treatments with combination of antistress preparations and calcium-containing agrochemicals allows to moderate significantly the stress effect of foliar fertilizing on plants
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence of different agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley variety ‘Gordei’ was studied. Economic evaluation was given to the researched factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of polyfactorial long-term soil monitoring. The soil is represented by strongly leached, light-clay black humus with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It was found that with the change of technology (fertilizer, tillage, sowing method, means of protection) winter barley yields increases to 50% in comparison with the control. According to the analysis of bioenergetic and economic evaluation it makes sense to use the variants 022, 111 and 222 at plowing, where the maximum net efficiency ratio and net income are noticed