07.00.00 Historical sciences
-
DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH JOURNALISM IN THE ERA OF THE TANZIMAT
DescriptionFor some of the Eastern countries - Turkey, Iran, China and Japan - XIX century passed under the sign of reform. Studying these countries today is important and relevant. Such an experience could be a tool for analyzing the reform aspirations of modern mankind, which is especially valuable for those situations which are determined by the trend of rapid economic and technological progress. Hence, there is a certain increase in interest of turkologists in recent years to study reforms in Turkey deeply, especially the period of the so-called "beneficent reforms" ( "Tanzimat-i hayriye"), which lasted for more than thirty years - from 1839 to 1876
-
THE HISTORY OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN EGYPT: GENESIS AND MODERN TENDENCIES
DescriptionThe article analyzes the complex and contradictory process of feminism in the Islamic cultural space on the example of Egypt. The author analyzes feminism as ideological and political of the movement women's equality phenomenon. We study the Genesis of the feminist movement in Egypt; reveal its social-economic causes and historical roots. In the article we consider the main problems associated with the status of Muslim women in the coverage of the largest Muslim educators and reformers of the previous century. It is proved that the movement for women emancipation in the Arab world was the movement of the upper layers of society, initiated by men. In the course of study a new historiographical material (mainly of translated character) was revealed and introduced into the scientific circulation which contributed to the study of a number of insufficiently studied problems
-
Description
This article analyses the state religious policy in regard to the Russian Orthodox Church in the first post Great Patriotic War years. The characteristic of the religious life during the above-mentioned period in the Krasnodar Territory is given. The main resource of this research was documents of the Authorized Board on Russian Orthodox Church Affairs of the USSR Ministerial Council in Krasnodar Territory. Some positive changes in state- church relations took place. New churches began to open. Revitalization of the religious life came into being. It was shown in peoples’ participating in religious holidays, making orthodox ceremonies. Christening was the most popular ceremony. The less popular was the religious wedding. In that period of time, women were active participants of the religious life of the region. Among believers there were soldiers demobilized from the army. However from 1948 first signs of estrangement in state – church relations began to appear
-
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE USA DURING 1991-2010
DescriptionThis article presents the results of the content analysis of the US National Security Strategies published in the period 1991-2010. The emphasis is on identifying the role of non-governmental organizations in building of the US political strategy, as well as considering the evolutionary path of NGOs during various presidential administrations of the United States. The conclusion is drawn that during the considered period nongovernmental organizations became an integral part of the US foreign policy doctrine. NGOs have become one of the most important instruments of the "soft power" of the United States, primarily with regard to the spread of democratic foundations and civil society. The results demonstrate the difference in approaches to the "soft power" between the democratic and republican administrations of the United States of America
-
MONUMENTS OF THE FEBRUARY AND OCTOBER REVOLUTION IN THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the monuments of revolutions of 1917 in Russia. It is emphasized that from the historical point of view, almost all monuments represent the embodiment of the losses and sufferings of humankind in various armed conflicts. This is especially true for the revolutions of 1917, which changed the entire modern history of the country, and even after 100 years cause a special interest both in the international scientific community and among ordinary people. This study specifies that after the final establishment and approval of the Soviet government, the new government realized that it was needed to create a certain basis, namely, its political symbolism as a foundation for the formation of image of the new government. The most important component of this process was the desire of the authorities to the formation of the ideas of the Soviet people about themselves and their place in the world, and, as a consequence, the folding of the foundations of Soviet patriotism, because the new generation who had no idea about the Russian Empire, began its life in the country, which had an ideology, but just started to develop the system of socialist values. The attention is paid to the fact that the monuments are one of the important elements of the historical and cultural heritage, which reflected the past experience of mankind, broadcast through architectural and sculptural symbols to the present, which contributes not only to the cultural enrichment of mankind, but also used by people to influence worldviews contemporaries. The article says that modern youth need to know the history of their country, not to forget about the numerous victims of various wars, to preserve peace and appreciate life
-
THE POLICY OF TSARIST RUSSIA IN CHECHNYA AT THE TURN OF THE 1840- 1850-IES
DescriptionIn the article, based on factual material, we reveal the policy of tsarist Russia in Chechnya at the turn of the 1840-1850-ies. The article points out that in 1836, Chechnya was not included in the national liberation movement of highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus. In early 1840, Shamil was elected the Imam of Chechnya and the Imam of Dagestan and Chechnya. The same year there was a General revolt in Chechnya. Since that time, the center of the national liberation movement in the North-East Caucasus was moving to Chechnya. The article noted that for the conquest of the Chechen population by the king's command despite military means there were made engineering, economic and ideological measures. In the end, these measures and the teachings of Kunta-Haji, which began to spread in the same period of time, influenced the political situation in Chechnya and the minds of the Chechens. And all this, taken together, led to the fact that since the early 50-ies of the 19th century some groups of the society of Chechnya began to show a tendency towards reconciliation with Russia. In the studied time there was a change of tactics of the king's army in Chechnya. The Royal army was moving from trench warfare to the method of the marginalization of Chechens further and further into the mountains, through the construction of forest rides, and consolidated in the captured territory a system of military forts and Cossack villages. In 1850 the Royal army began to implement a plan of invasion of Chechnya which was Dagestan barns. This undermined the economic base of the Imamate heavily. Since the beginning of the 1850-ies and up until 1859, the center of gravity of the Caucasian war was transferred to Chechnya. There would be major events that would create the fate of the Imamate. Thus, the article characterizes the economic and propaganda policy of tsarism and its importance in the conquest of Chechnya; we have also highlighted the military actions against the mountaineers, explored the tactics and the strategy of the king's army in Chechnya
-
Description
The article considers the history of formation and development of political relations of Krasnodar territory with the Republic of Cyprus at the end XX – early XXI centuries. Two stages in the development of political relations between the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Cyprus were singled out: the beginning of the 1990s, the beginning of the 2000s. Based on materials of the State archive of the Krasnodar region analyzed the work on the preparation and implementation of the agreement of 1992 between the government of the Russian Federation and the government of the Republic of Cyprus, shows the activities of the administration of Krasnodar region and administration of Krasnodar city to establish political relations of the parties. The attention is focused on the creation of the first Russian Bank with 100% foreign capital – the Investment Bank of Kuban. Conclusions are made about the current state of relations between the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Cyprus
-
CULTURAL DISTURBANCES OF RUSSIA IN THE POST-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
DescriptionThe article examines the artistic life of the country in the post-revolutionary period, which was characterized by the active creative work, diversity and to some extent inconsistency in culture. It is emphasized that the coup that took place in 1917, provided the impetus as the development of certain areas in the arts and cultural sector in general. It is concluded that the main feature of art as a component of the revolutionary culture of the country was to maintain the ideas of the Bolsheviks and the promotion of the new government, as well as the submission of the new government of each of the areas of cultural activity in Russia. Attention is focused on the fact that the development of art and culture in such difficult and tense post-revolutionary years in the country not only did not stop, but even continued to rise. The Bolsheviks understood the specific role of art, which manifests itself in the fact that it acts as a means of social and psychological impact. After all, art gives a person an opportunity to relive their lives of those who made history and now works. Therefore, it becomes clearer and more accessible sense of political, class and economic relations a lot is through the art. The culture of the country after the fateful October originally reflected the changes in the country and the time itself is filled with a variety of events. Every type of art in its own way conveys the spirit of the era, the atmosphere reigning in the post-revolutionary society. The article says that the Soviet culture was increasingly being filled with proletarian, internationalist, and socialist content. That is why characteristic of that time was the desire to penetrate art in people's daily lives
-
Description
The article describes the cooperation of the Soviet authorities and the Muslim Clergy of the Northern Caucasus in cultural and educational spheres in the beginning of the 20-ies in the XX century. The article is written in the framework of the regional competition of RFFI: "The North Caucasus: Tradition and Modernity" in 2017 – Krasnodar region. 17-11-23005 the type of project «a(p)», the subject is «The Soviet authorities and the Muslim Clergy of the Northern Caucasus in 1917- 1920s: The Experience of the Cooperation (on the materials of the Circassian peoples). It is noted that organization of wide cultural and educational activity performed by the Bolsheviks on The North Caucasus was the most important condition for organic participation of the region into the Soviet social and political space. The main efforts were concentrated on the formation and creation of a national script. Eventually аs a result of the interaction between the Soviet authorities and the Muslim clergy, there was a formation of new cultural needs and significant sociocultural changes in Circassian society in accordance with the political and ideological demands of the new government
-
ISLAMIC LAW IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of Islamic law in the Ottoman Empire. In the beginning of the article, the author considers the ratio between Sharia and customary law in the legal system of the Ottoman Empire and reveals that the basis of customary law is the right of the Turks. Furthermore, the author highlights the main legal institutions of the state, and analyzes legal acts that appeared during the reign of the sultans Muhammad al-Fatih, Selim I, Suleiman I, Ahmad I and Abd alHamid. Then the author analyzes the features of Islamic law of the Ottoman Empire, identifies features of the contractual relationship, matrimonial and criminal law. Compares the rights of Muslims and non-Muslims, and reveals that the latter were divided into two categories: zimmi and musta’man, identifying legal privileges of each of them. At the end of the article, the author makes a conclusion about the continuity of the various legal acts of the Ottoman Empire, the crown of which is al-Majalla, some of the provisions, which has not lost its relevance in our time