07.00.00 Historical sciences
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MILITARY-ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF E.A. GOLOVIN IN TRANSCAUCASIA
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the military and administrative activities in the Caucasus in 1838–1842 y. one of the Royal Governors-Evgeny Aleksandrovich Golovin. The author concludes that as a Russian Patriot and aiming initially to make the Caucasus the Russian spirit and legal institutions, Golovin began gradually local features, and at the end of his Administration Region tried to combine central traditions with peripheral. His transformations were appraised only after Evgeniy Aleksandrovich had left Transcaucasia. For instance, in Tiflis they started building more European-style constructions on wastelands, erected causeways, pavements and pools with clean mountain water. With its extraordinary combination of the East and the West Tiflis turned into one of the most interesting and largest cities of Russia. As a truly Russian nobleman, General Golovin liked living luxuriously, openly and hospitably. The best representatives of the local society were welcomed in his house in a warm-hearted and friendly manner, which caused an unconscious sensation of gratitude and left a favourable impression. Preliminary analysis of activity of E.A. Golovin in Transcaucasia gives no grounds for assessments which are extremely negative or idealise the Chief Executive. Yet E.A. Golovin managed to be remembered as a reformer and facilitator of Transcaucasia whose numerous initiatives were developed by his successors: M. S. Vorontsov, A. I. Baryatinskiy, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich and others
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MILITARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF E.A. GOLOVIN IN THE CAUCASUS (1838–1842)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to military and administrative activity of one of imperial deputies – Evgeny Aleksandrovich Golovin in the Caucasus in 1838-1842. The general spent more than three months studying data on the area he did not know in the archives of SaintPetersburg. E. A. Golovin paid special attention to road and fortification construction. He aimed at making them “centres of Russian nationhood by establishing schools and markets”. On December 15, 1838 E. A. Golovin submitted a report to A. I. Chernyshov, the military minister, where he described the nearest political tasks of the Russian government. In Golovin’s opinion, the main military actions in Dagestan were supposed to be seizure of Chirkat, construction of fortifications therein and devastation of Akhulgo, residence of Shamil. However, E. A. Golovin turned out to be bound with instructions written in Petersburg more than his predecessors. Programmes for military actions in the Caucasus region specifying even troop units to participate in expeditions down to the last detail were drawn on an annually basis. By the end of his term in the position of the Commander-in-Chief of the Independent Caucasian Corps Golovin started supporting the siege system by combining it, the same way as A. P. Ermolov, with periodic temporary offensive operations. After the Evgenievskoe Fortification (named so to honour Golovin by Royal Decree) had been constructed at the Sulak River, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich was dismissed in October 1842. The author concludes that in process of recognition of the world of mountaineers the commander-in-chief showed aspiration to searches of other, less dramatic solutions of the Caucasian question, opened for the successors of prospect of the movement of Russia and the people of Chechnya, Dagestan and Western Caucasus towards each other
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THE MILITARY EDUCATIONAL OPINIONS OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL V. A. POTTO
DescriptionDuring the whole history of the Russian Imperial Army the unchanging principles of its education were moral and physical power, development of the mind and volition. On these principles the Russian Army grew. The formation of the theory and practice of education in the Russian army was directly connected with names of famous military leaders because good training troops led to a successful execution of combat missions. So, for example, the name of A. V. Suvorov and his «The Science of Victory», the work which the Field Marshal presented his original system of views on ways to combat, training and educating soldiers are well known. But at the same time, many other military leaders have contributed to this hard work for the benefit of the Russian army. In this article we focus on coverage of the military pedagogic views and activity of the military historian, writer, lieutenant general V. A. Potto. The article details the pedagogical approaches V. A. Potto’s to moral education of the future officers and the opinion of general to educational process at the military school, which focuses mainly on the training of the Cossacks
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THE CHAPLAINCY OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS: THE SPECIFICITY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT
DescriptionIn the modern conditions of formation the Institute of military clergy in Russia it is especially important to study of the history of its formation and development. In this article we first focus on coverage of the activities of Cossack Orthodox clergy and its participation in military battles. The article details the activity of the first military archpriests of the Black Sea Cossack army: I. L. Kovalevsky, A. Domashevskij and R. Porokhnya. Based on the analysis of archival documents the article highlighted the specificity of the formation of the military clergy Cossacks, we have also indicated its role in the history of the Kuban. We have considered the problem of terminology as well. The article clearly proves that, prior to the formation of the United Kuban Cossack army, the term of "regimental priests" is applicable only to Linear Cossacks, as the Black sea priests were attached to the whole Cossacks army and therefore had the status of the army; this term was used here until 1920. It is the special situation of the Kuban army of clerics who are simultaneously applied to the spiritual and to the Cossack estate was the main cause of repression against it in the 1920-1930ies. Throughout its history the chaplaincy of the Kuban played an important role in the life of the Cossacks, it was responsible for religious education and Patriotic education. Due to its credibility, and numerous works, the priests were able to maintain the morale of the Cossacks, even during the February revolution. At the time when the Russian army suffered from defections, Kuban regiments were almost not affected, which once again shows the important role of priests in the Kuban history
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VOLOST COURT AS A PROBLEM OF PUBLIC LIFE OF POST-REFORM RUSSIA
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the analysis of wide public discussions, permanently renewable in Imperial Russia during 1860-1990 in the connection with an organization and activity of peasant courts
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STATE POWER VERTICAL IN KALMYK ASSR ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 1937
DescriptionIn order to describe the state of the power vertical in Kalmykia an analytical review of the Constitution of the RSFSR in 1937 and the Constitution of the Kalmyk ASSR in 1937 was made in this paper. The study reveals features of construction of the vertical of the supreme bodies of state power. The conclusion is that the system of construction of the vertical of higher authorities, establishes a sign of a unitary form of state-territorial structure
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In this article we study the evolution of the Russian state policy in the context of the market reforms of the 1990s
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This article discusses the activities of local authorities in the Northern Caucasus in the regulation of the agrarian sector of the region during the great Patriotic war
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CIVIL VALUES AND POLITICAL SHAPE OF KUBAN COSSACKS AND PEASANTRY IN 1917-1980
DescriptionIn this article, the processes of transformation of traditional political culture of agricultural population of Kuban in days of socialist experiment of XX century are investigated
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NOBILITY DEPUTY ASSEMBLY IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS IN 1905 – 1917 YY.
DescriptionBased on the archival sources, the article reviews the activities of the Nobility Deputy Assembly in the Northern Caucasus in 1905 – 1917. The author examines the role of noble organizations in solving the class issues in Russia in the early XXth century. She notes a marked increase in the activity of the Stavropol noble Assembly caused by the events of the revolution of 1905 – 1907 yy. In this case the author draws attention to the fact that during this period, autocracy strictly limited the power of the nobility Assembly, and in addition noble organization was strictly forbidden to discuss political issues. It is noted that local nobles were quite passive in social and political activity and they were not involved in the work created at the time of the joint noble societies, although some regional representatives of the nobility (in particular K. I. Bielecki) participated in the activities of the First nobility Congress in 1906 y. Charitable activity of the Noble Assembly during the First World War was also investigated in the he article. The noble mutual benefit was created to assist the families of killed and wounded warriors and for maintenance of hospitals. In addition, the Noble Assembly provided the upper floor of noble house for the hospital, and the lower one for the Ladies' Committee. The article shows that despite all the difficulties there was a gradual clearance of the political position of the nobility of the Northern Caucasus at the beginning of the XXth century. The author draws attention to the fact that noble organization has proposed various measures aimed at strengthening economic and political influence of this class. She comes to the conclusion that the role of the nobility in the social structure of Russian society of that time is undergoing a significant transformation, and the importance of the nobility in the system of socio-economic relations and the management system of the Russian Empire was significantly reduced