06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe problems of automated control of the technological processes of crop production and the tasks of supporting the adoption of managerial decisions at each stage of the production cycle have become even more urgent in view of the processes of transformation, globalization and digitalization of the economy, which have recently become widespread. The agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation is no exception, because agricultural products, especially crop production, are of strategic importance and are the basis of food security in our country. In this scientific project, the problems of agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region, in particular, in the field of management processes, its information and software, were investigated. At this stage, it was determined that the measures taken to increase labor productivity at the agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region and the automation of technological processes in crop production were not complex, therefore, they had a slight effect on the efficiency of the industry. Studying the IT services and software market made it possible to draw a well-founded conclusion that decision-making support processes in crop management, especially issues related to the justified choice of crop cultivation technology, rationalization of a crop rotation system, analysis of a history book of crop rotation fields, calculation of dosages of organic fertilizers for a deficit-free balance of humus, are not covered by the funds of software systems offered on the market. As a result, the demand for industrial analytical systems and, in particular, integrated automation systems for managing crop production processes for agricultural enterprises is forming in the software market. Therefore, the development and implementation of a computer decision support system for managing crop production processes, based on mathematical models for analyzing and evaluating the economic efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, crop rotation rationalization models, data analysis models for crop rotation field history books, models of optimal selection of crop protection products plants and fertilizers has become very relevant. These studies can be considered priority and highly demanded, as they are directly related to one of the fundamental directions of the modern development of agricultural production - the study of the problems of development and implementation of an integrated automated information system for crop management. The article is devoted to the theoretical justification and feasibility of the practical implementation of the software module for accounting and analysis of data from the e-book of the history of crop rotation fields, which is part of the developed automated crop management information system
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies on the influence of the conditions of the Piedmont horticulture zone of the Krasnodar region and the shape of the crown on the productivity of apple trees. Objects of study were trees of winter apple varieties Idared and Renet Simirenko grafted on MM 106 rootstock. The trees were planted according to the 5 × 3 m pattern. In the eighth year, the rounded crowns were transformed into flattened across the row (from the eastern and western sides of the tree) to crown width 2.0 ... 2.5 m. Orientation of rows was from east to west. The garden is located on the northern slope with a slope of 3 degrees. Scheme of experiment: option 1 - sparse-tier crown (control); option 2 - flattened crown. In the experiment, 2 variants; in each variant, 10 typical trees were taken. Repetition tree plot. The place of the experiment is Abinsky district of the Krasnodar region. Agrocounts of indicators of fruiting of apple trees were carried out according to generally accepted methods, statistical processing of research results was carried out by the method of analysis of variance described by B.A. Dospekhov. The results of our studies showed that flattening the crown of apple trees contributes to an increase in the number of fruits formed on them per unit volume of the crown in the variety Idared to 10.1 kg or 1.87 times, and per m2 of the projection of the crown to 15.5 kg or 1.72 times more than crowns without flattening. In the variety Renet Simirenko, the number of fruits according to the same indicators increases by 1.86 and 1.74 times. Also, when flattening crowns, the yield of apples from one tree in the Idared variety increases by 9.6%, and in the Renet Simirenko variety decreases by 7.7% compared with the control
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies the effect of various agricultural practices on the yield of two sunflower hybrids (Fortimi and N4LM 408) in the experiment. The studies were carried out in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region on the experimental fields of the JSC "Agrocomplex", Vyselkovsky district in 2018-2019. The experience was laid down according to the triple experience scheme (factor A - the primary soil cultivation techniques; factor B - sunflower hybrids; factor C - herbicides). It was found that with the change of technology (the method of soil preparation and the use of herbicides), the weed infestation of crops changed and a minimum number of them was noted on the variants where postemergent herbicides were used (Euro-Laytning and Hermes). The maximum yield was obtained using chisel and disk plowing with the treatment of sunflower crops with the herbicides Euro-Light and Hermes. There was an increase in yield compared with plowing and these changes are mathematically valid
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APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
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TO THE QUESTION OF INTENSIFICATION OF BEAN AND CEREAL GRASS MIXTURE DRYING UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and functional organization of cereal and legume-cereal seed with intensive use in order to develop a model of agrophytocenoses with productive longevity and feed quality. A set of techniques has been developed to optimize the basic conditions of existence of highly productive, natural vegetation and on this basis to use grass stands rationally, create highly productive agrophytocenoses, and also grow artificial agrophytocenoses instead of degraded ones, helps to eliminate the negative consequences of the unreasonable exploitation of vegetation cover, improve its condition, significantly increase productivity and qualitative composition of natural ecosystems
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ALGOLOGICAL MONITORING OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF MAIZE CROPS PRODUCTION
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe studies were conducted on the biological economic efficiency of biological preparations against pests in the conditions of the training and experimental farm of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Stavropol State Agrarian University in winter wheat crops of the Yuka variety. The effect of triple use of biosecticides Bioslip BV (viable spores of Beauveria bassiana OPB-09 strain) and Bioslip BT (viable spores and thermostable crystalline endotoxin of B. thuringiensis strains) was studied. A tank mixture of Alt-Alf chemical insecticides, CE (alpha-cypermethrin 100 ml / l) and Actara, VDG (thiamethoxam 250 g / kg) was used as a reference. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BV most effectively suppresses cereal aphids: the average biological effectiveness was 78.3%, in relation to harmful turtle and wheat thrips, the effectiveness of the drug was 60.3-68.7%. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BT is effective against the red-breasted drunkard; the average biological effectiveness was 84.2%, in relation to other species - 27.2-44.2%. The efficiency of using a tank mixture of bioinsecticides with half consumption rates was in the range of 23.3-40.7%. The harmfulness of phytophages in winter wheat crops is high, the control yield is lower by 0.556 t / ha compared with chemical treatment. The smallest difference with economic etholone in the variant with three times use of Bioslip BV is 0.09 t / ha
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the experiment, we have studied the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we have examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol region when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents data from 3-year observations of the weather conditions influence on the effectiveness of applied fertilizers in the crops of the Yantar variety of coriander on leached black soil (chernozem) under the conditions of land use at the training and experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The materials presented in the article indicate that the agrometeorological conditions of 2016 and 2017 as a whole were most favorable for the formation of a coriander crop. As studies have shown, the amount of precipitation during the spring-summer period of the growing season of the crop was 337 mm, which is 11% higher than the long-term average. The year 2018 in terms of climatic indicators turned out to be significantly worse than the previous two years, the amount of precipitation during the coriander vegetation period turned out to be 125 mm or 58% lower than the long-term average, which significantly affected the crop yield this year. In the most optimal agroclimatic indicators in 2016, the maximum increase in crop productivity was noted on the N60P60K60 variant - 0.49 t / ha, on the same option in moistened 2017, the increase level was 0.39 t / ha. Last year2018 was marked as extremely arid, the maximum increase in coriander yield was noted on the option with P60 and amounted to 0.35 t / ha. It was established that the maximum increase in the yield of coriander oil seeds on average in the experiment on leached chernozem was achieved with the options: P60 is 0.37 t / ha, N60P60 is 0.41 t / ha, N60P60K60 is 0.34 t / ha, which significantly higher than other fertilized experience options. The economic efficiency of the coriander seeds production, depending on the types and combinations of minerals, turned out to be most effective when applying a single mineral fertilizer, P60, compared with other options for experience, an increase in profit to 17500 rubles and the level of profitability of production by 23%
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INFLUENCE OF BASIC PROCESSING AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON AGRIBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF WINTER BARLEY
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and basic tillage in the technology of cultivating winter barley on its agrophysical properties. Object of research - plants of winter barley cultivar called Rubezh. Soil - typical low-humus heavy-duty leached chernozems. In the experiment, the influence of two factors on the formation of the productivity of winter barley was studied. Factor A - the method of primary tillage: option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chisel for 20-22 cm; option 3 (A2) - disk peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct sowing). Factor (B) - fertilizer rate: option 1 (B0) - without fertilizing (control); option 2 (B1) - recommended norm N40P40 + N20; option 3 (B2) - double norm N60P60 + N40. According to the data of our experiments, the general orientation in the technology of cultivating winter barley has been revealed, during the entire growing season, the height of its plants decreases while the tension of its main processing decreases - from 89.6-90.3 cm for deep processing to 87.7 cm for surface processing and up to 73.7 cm at zero. Moreover, the type of tillage did not affect the stem of winter barley plants of the Rubezh variety. At the same time, on all tillage options, one can notice the dependence of the height and density of the stand on the dose of fertilizer application - from 80.6 cm in the control to 84.4 cm at the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers and up to 91.4 with a double. It was also noted in relation to the density of plant standing - from 335 pcs / m2 in the control to 358 pcs / m2 with the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers and up to 376 pcs / m2 with a double