№ 115(1), January, 2016
Public date: 27.01.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 86, 182 kb
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PHYTO-SANITARY CONDITION OF CROPS OF WINTER BARLEY WHEN GROWING USING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the biennial data on infestation of winter barley infected with his disease and pests, depending on fertilizer rates, the main method of tillage and plant protection. Weeds are one of the most highly potent factors that reduce the productivity of plants. System of agronomic plant cannot increase the productivity of plants, if it contributes to impurity of crops. In the studied years, the most common weeds at the recommended tillage were dead nettle, cleavers, chickweed, field bindweed. At zero processing - foxtail, poppy, wild oats, Leptospermum, dead nettle, veronica. The use of biological and chemical plant protection products reduced the degree of expansion and development of disease
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe most important component of current assets of the agricultural organizations are material stocks. The optimum quantity of them is necessary for production process. The special aspects of formation and using of material stocks in crop research on micro- and meso-levels are considered in the article. It is established that the stok of fertilizers, crop-protection agents, seeds and planting material are exposed to considerable amplitudes of fluctuations during the different periods of year. The natural and biological cycle of development of plants needs of concentration of material stocks at the beginning of a production cycle that causes the necessity of attraction of the credits and commercial loans. The author studied material inputs structure in branch of crop research in Krasnodar region and its change in dynamics. The leading role of mineral fertilizers in formation of cumulative material inputs is revealed and the level of its production in the region is analysed. The researching character of the article is confirmed by the calculations and the analysis of legislative documents regarding recovery and increasing of soil fertility in Kuban region. The author emphasizes need of strengthening of the state intervention in price control in the market of mineral fertilizers, formations of sales system, aimed at minimization of dealers number in a chain "production – processing – consumption"
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IMPLEMENTATION OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE OLD VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article, we discuss issues of morphological and physiological control over plants of winter wheat. As the object of the research, we have selected landraces - the population of winter wheat, which was grown on the territory of the Kuban region in the last century. The aim of this work was determination of the effect on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties of factors such as conditions of cultivation and processing "Cecece 750" 1.5 l/ha D. V. crop retardant. To achieve this goal we have conducted a morphological analysis of the growth cone at the VI stage of organogenesis, which provide quantitative evaluation of potential future seed production of spike of winter wheat. To study the effect of the year of breeding on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties the analysis of variance was calculated according to the scheme 3×7 factorial variability characteristic due to the influence of genotype (factor B), cultivation year (factor A), that is repeated in time is interpreted as the effect of the year conditions of cultivation. The influence of retardant on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties was conducted using the analysis of variance on the above described scheme, 2×7, where the factor "A" is presented in two gradations (options, retardant treated and not treated), in this case, repeated for years was excluded as a factor. The result of researches indicates that the rate of realized productivity is variety-specific and can serve as a measure of the flexibility of the studied cultivars to different environmental conditions. The analysis of variance showed significant retardant effect on the realization of potential productivity in all variants of the crops of soft winter wheat. The comparison of the average general population indicates that the genetic potential of tall varieties may not manifest even in favorable for crop cultivation. The artificial reduction of plant height by inhibiting the growth of retardant is an effective way to identify high productivity of these genotypes as varieties of winter and Nemenchinskaya Old No. 346
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IMPROVEMENT OF SEED CROPS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe main detected problems in selection system and seed industry consist of depreciation of laboratory equipment and specialized technique; the lack of funds and low incentives for creators of sorts; decreasing of volumes of elite and original seeds production in the Krasnodar region; common use of low reproduction seeds in production of grain. The existing stairs of seed multiplication system are examined, as well as their organizational and legal status. Directions of improvement of system of state support in this field are defined on the basis of presenting subsidies and preferences on purchasing of import of highly specialized equipment, provided that there are no domestic equivalent; correction of requirements in order of receipt of support for development of elite and original seed industry. The necessity of creation of united seed selection center of seed industry in the Krasnodar region on the basis of a specialized research Institute (KNISH of Lukyanenko). Though, as the result of providing by center of consistent recommendations on peculiarities of cultivation of sorts and their adaptive placement, maintenance of contractual relations based on principals of franchising, evaluation of sort and sowing index of quality of seed lots and hybrids, will allow to speed up the development of domestic seed industry, increase the quality of corn farming in region
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ACTUAL PROBLEMS IN ORGANIZATION OF FEEDING IN MODERN CONDITIONS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionModern pig farming is a leading global livestock industry, but the organization of adequate balanced feeding is actual for the industry. Digestibility of metabolizable energy of feed depends on various factors, including the content of non-starch polysaccharides, which have a negative effect on the digestibility of key nutrients of the feed, lead to a decrease in growth rate and conversion efficiency of nutrients. Enzyme preparations which composition generally includes Xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase activities, may avoid the negative impact of non-starch polysaccharides. Today's promising preparation that combines the functions of two feed additives - feed enzyme and probiotic, is an enzyme preparation Cellobacterin that, due to the particular organization of the enzyme complex, increases the digestibility of barley grain and effectively effects on sunflower meal. As a probiotic preparation it inhibits the development of pathogenic microorganisms and promotes the formation of beneficial microflora in the digestive tract. The introduction of Cellobacterin enzyme preparation into the compound feed with a high content of barley grain and sunflower meal increases the body weight of young pigs by 4.8% and reduces the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain. The results of hematological studies found no significant deviations from the physiological norm in the morphological picture of the blood in experimental animals. The group, where Cellobacterin was added, showed higher vitamin A content by 2.8% as compared to the control, while vitamin E is found in both groups on the same level. Based on the results of the research to improve the productivity and growth rate in compound feed based on barley and sunflower meal with higher fiber content, it is recommended to include in the compound feed Cellobacterin enzyme preparation at the rate of 1 kg per 1 ton of feed
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents results of the assessment of the efficiency of non-hormonal preparations which were not earlier applied in culture in vitro with high physiological activity (the preparations received by production of furfural, and also derivatives and compositions of organic acids) during regenerations of microshoots of plum, comparison of their influence with influence of growth regulators which are traditionally used in clonal micropropagation. These experimental preparations were received when processing waste of agricultural production. In this work we used: technology of clonal micropropagation of plants of in vitro, statistical data processing by method of the dispersive analysis. The objects of researches were microshoots of plum of a Stanley variety. We have established that on mediums with the preparations "Universal", sodium succinate, potassium succinate, amber acid, L-1 the large, intensively colored plum microshoots develop surpassing control (medium with BAP of 1 mg/l, IBA of 0,1 mg/l, gibberellic acid of 0,5 mg/l) in morphometric parameters. Thus, the preparations "Universal", sodium succinate, potassium succinate, amber acid, L-1 in concentration of 4,0 mg/l proved as the growth factors which are favorably influencing on plantlets’ regeneration and a qualitative condition of microshoots of plum
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionPeculiarities of breeding oidium-resistant genotypes in crossing Crimea autochthonous grape varieties with complex interspecific hybrids were studied. Twentytwo populations consisting of 1323 seedlings were analyzed over a period of 2008-2014. The highest oidium resistance was registered in the progeny of the cross Khersonesskii х ЖС 26-205 (6.8 points), and the average estimate of oidium resistance across all the study populations was higher than that of the initial autochthonous grapes of the Crimea. The level of hypothetical heterosis in the majority of the study populations indicates that, on the whole, the hybrid seedlings possess a higher oidium resistance relative to the initial Crimea autochthonous grapes. The highest breeding value was associated with cross combinations having the complex interspecific hybrids Muscat JIM, Spartanets Magaracha and Magarach 31-77-10 in their pedigrees. The cross combination Muscat JIM х Shabash was the most efficient, yielding 10.7 per cent of oidium-resistant seedlings. It was reliably established that a high level of the genotypically determined inheritance of oidium resistance is found in crosses with the participation of the interspecific forms Magarach № 31-77-10 and Muscat JIM (female parents) and Spartanets Magaracha and Tsitronnyi Magaracha (male parents). The expediency of this direction of breeding research was proved
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INFLUENCE THE STOCKS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AND ALIGOTE WINE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents results of the six-year study of the effect of stocks Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB on yield, quality of grapes and Aligote wine in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Effect of stock on scion strongly depends on the annual weather conditions. In a given year, there is a stock better adapted to the weather conditions. Stocks of Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 increase winter hardiness, and the stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB - drought-resistant varieties of Aligote. On average, during six years the stock has not been resulted in significant differences between the percentages of developed into shoots buds and fertile shoots shown in the coefficients of fruiting and fruitbearing shoots of Aligote. Among all the influencing factors, the degree of influence of stocks on the percentage of buds have evolved to 16,4 %, by the percentage of productive shoots 19,8 %, a factor of the fruiting shoots and fruitfulness of 3,9 % and 2,7 %, respectively. Some differences in forming of generative organs of wintering buds along the fruiting twig under the influence of stocks do not lead to the significant difference in biological terms of fruiting varieties in the whole piece. On average, six years of significant differences in the influence of rootstocks on the number of berries in bunches, hundred berries weight, an average weight of bunches and yield is not defined - the degree of influence of stocks on mentioned indicators is 0,1-9,7 %. A significant impact of stocks on the dynamics of sugar accumulation in berries has not been discovered. The degree of influence of stocks onto the final sugar content and acidity of berries is 2.9 and 1.0%, respectively. The wine produced from Aligote berries on a stock Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 has the better tasting score than on the stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB (7.9 and 7.8 points, respect vely). The main influence on fruiting of the variety Aligote was provided by the conditions of the current and previous vegetation. Within the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region the cultivating of the variety of Aligote is reasonable for both studied stocks
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Description
The article describes a new approach to the assessment of the economic system. The authors propose to assume that the system grows, if its share in the world production increases. For the qualitative assessment, we have offered to analyze the dynamics of growth of exports of products with high benefit to the foreign countries, which include engineering goods, defense, manufacturing materials. On the world market of hightech products, we have the stiff competition and the growth of exports of domestic products with high benefit indicates high level of innovation. Based on the analysis of available statistical data, we revealed a correlation between exports of innovative products, the volumes of financing research and development and foreign direct investment in the national economy. It was determined foreign capital has a negative impact on exports of products with high benefit. The authors proposed a two-factor regression model, which allows you to make short-term forecasts and allocate resources. The study showed that despite the ongoing economic sanctions and unsuccessful economic reforms in the past, Russia has a high potential for innovation, which is activated when reducing the influence of foreign capital. Attempts to isolate the Russian economic system led to the mobilization of resources and the growth of innovation activity of domestic business
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Description
The article substantiates the need for an accelerated informatization of the national system of professional development for science-intensive and high-tech industries, as one of the important components of the process of reforming the Russian economy. It was determined that under current conditions a decisive role in ensuring the successful operation of enterprises science-intensive and high-tech industries provides highly qualified personnel - the intellectual capital, which is formed in the process of training specialists within the system of continuous professional education and training (CPEandT). We show new capabilities of training a contingent of specialists in science-intensive and high-tech industries, offered by the introduction and expansion of use in system of CPEandT and modern educational technology (MET). We found reasonable prospect of the transition from reproductive to creative model of the organization of skills development. They are implemented mainly by a variety of electronic educational resources (EER), which are used for the development of various technologies. The article presents results of the comparative analysis of new and traditional technologies for the development of ESM and shows their role in the methodical maintenance of process of professional development. It is proved that the introduction of the EER within MET in CPEandT system radically changes the interaction of professionals and qualified teachers with contingent specialists of science-intensive and high-tech industries, and contributes to the effective organization of skills development