Voronezh State Agrarian University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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AGRO-ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF GROWTH STIMULANTS AND MICROFERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON BUCKWHEAT
Description
The article highlights the food value of buckwheat. It is said that the achievement of its biological potential under prevailing conditions of cultivation is impossible without the introduction of modern scientific and technical progress. The authors describe variants of integrated application of growth stimulants and microfertilizers in buckwheat production technology. Recommended technologies have been tested in conditions of the Central Chernozem region. It is revealed that the best variant of pre-sowing seed treatment is the combination of Epin-extra and Rexolin ABS. Conbination of Epin-extra and Speedfol B is the best variant of treatment of vegetating plants, providing the maximum yield increase in comparison with control variant (without treatments). Economic efficiency of all proposed technologies was studied. The system of indicators was chosen, which evaluate the efficiency of 36 variants of seed and plant treatment with growth stimulants and microfertilizers. A comparative analysis of variants demonstrated that the application of Speedfol B in combination with EPIN-extra and Rexolin ABS is most cost-effective and profitable. It is noted that the final choice of combination of growth stimulants and microfertilizers will depend on the specific conditions of cultivation. Recommendations are given
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RESTORATION OF WORN DETAILS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY WITH GALVANIC COATINGS
Description
We have conducted experimental and analytical studies showing the relationship of constant and pulse forms of current sedimentation on the physicochemical properties of chrome coatings: adhesion strength to the substrate, residual stress, fatigue life, elongation and contraction, yield stress, and endurance. We have shown the methods and modes of use of dilute electrolyte of chromium plating with organic additives, is capable of applying a chrome coating on parts of agricultural machines, surpassing the properties of the coatings obtained from electrolytes that are recommended by the GOST standards. The proposed hardening chemical-thermal coating technology for chromium in the manufacture and repairing of worn parts of agricultural machinery (rods of hydraulic cylinders, journals of crankshafts, spools, parts, gearboxes and transmissions, etc.), identifies the consumption of additives modifiers, proposed methods for their determination, confirmed by patents for inventions. The proposed technology of worn-out surfaces of parts of agricultural machinery of layer-block structure of the chromium coatings with improved properties. The influence of modifying organic additives on the structure of the intermediate surface film of colloidal trivalent chromium compounds, which in combination with the parameters of the bipolar pulse current allows you to specifically adjust the physical and mechanical properties of crystals of the deposited chromium layer with a grid of cracks, and without them for the required operating conditions of dry friction or oil environments, which increases the durability of the parts during use. The increase in yield, at the current 6-8 %, to 4 times reduces the degree of hydrogenation of the restored details, up to 3 times reduces internal friction, roughness, improves the limits of strength, toughness, elongation and contraction, increases corrosion resistance up to 3 times, obtained chromium coatings
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STUDY OF AROMATIC SUBSTANCES OF SLAUGHTER PRODUCTS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Description
For comparative evaluation of aroma-forming substances of primary and secondary products of slaughter broilers, we used the multi-channel gas analyzer "MAG-8" and the methodology "an electronic nose". The objects of study served as the heads and feet of chickens-broilers of cross "ROSS-308", subjected to hydrothermal treatment for the destruction of native tissue structure at 0,24 MPa. As a control sample when assessing the composition of the equilibrium gas phase above the heads and feet of broiler chickens used poultry, meat, broiler chickens, obtained by cutting of carcasses, with the natural ratio of bone and muscle tissue. The identification of volatile components of the equilibrium gas phase above the samples was carried out according to the following classes of organic com-pounds in accordance with the numbers of sensors in the matrix: 1 – hydrophilic compounds, water; 2 – alcohols, ketones; 3 – acid, water, light alcohols; 4 – ester; 5 – sulfur-containing compounds, esters; 6 – phenol, and other aromatic compounds; 7 – alcohols, nitrogen compounds, water; 8 – acid. The analysis shows that control and experimental samples do not have significant differences in the aromatic-skim com-pounds, ketones and sulfur-containing compounds. The comparison group of "control – leg" also has no significant differences according to the groups of compounds: ketones, alcohols, esters; nitrogen-containing compounds. The largest differences recorded for the sample "legs broiler chickens", and the moisture content and nitro-gen-containing compounds, this sample is superior and head, and the main raw mate-rial in the processing of broiler chickens. The results show that heads of broiler chickens, thermo-processed under pressure can be used to realize emulsified protein-fat products of the type Pasternak masses corresponding to the traditional products of poultry meat for sensormatics the aroma profile without the use of food additives. For the formation of the corresponding standard of the flavor of food products using the legs of broiler chickens or their products it is necessary to correct the smell using the appropriate complementary ingredients
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RESEARCH OF THE DEHYDRATION PROCESSES OF BIOPOLYMER SYSTEMS IN POULTRY PRODUCTS
Description
The article presents the results of the study of the ratio of the water fractions, which differ on binding energy with the biomaterial in the composition of poultry products having various fabric and polymeric structure. The authors used the method of differential scanning calorimetry. The objects for the research were experimental and industrial samples of poultry products. We prepared the experimental samples by wet thermal treatment of broilers heads and feet at the pressure of 0.24 MPa. The objects for comparison were the products of industrial production of poultry meat: the paste of chicken meat with multicomponent composition (minced chicken, pork fat, water, pork liver, onions, wheat flour, soy protein, emulsifying, the taste and flavor food additives, color correction supplements); natural canned meat "Chicken in the own juice" (GOST 28589-90). The analysis showed that the investigated samples (broiles heads, broilers feet, multicomponent paste) were characterized by the similar values of the mass ratio of the water fractions at three stages of dehydration, the relevant sections of the curves based on the degree of conversion of the substance α from the heating temperature in logarithmic coordinates. The results can be use in the development of formulations of food modules for the production of emulsified meat products from raw materials, subjected to preliminary heat treatment. We expect that the positive effect will be to increase the degree of utilization of secondary raw materials in the processing of poultry in primary production, expanding the range of foods enriched composition due to the natural raw material sources, improving sustainability of raw material base of processing companies
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TO THE QUESTION OF THE INTEGRITY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Description
The article considers the main principles of the system approach and their use in the general disclosure mechanisms in the organization of the systems as holistic entities. Ontological and epistemological lines of the concept of the system and highlights the main properties of systems are reflected. Since the system acts as a form of organization of tangible and intangible objects, integrity is determined as the necessary property of sustainable living systems. The concept of sustainability from the point of view of general systems theory is considered, its types are distinguished. Features of the economic systems and the specificity of the concept of their stability is described. It is marked that the majority of biological, technical, economic and other complex systems are characterized by non-Gaussian distribution and as a necessary formal feature of consistency (integrity) of the studied object the presence Zipf-distribution in the population can be used. Differences between the coenoses from deterministic systems and probabilistic objects are marked. Procedures performed in the course of the ranking analysis and the theoretical aspects of optimization of cenoses by holding an item or parametric optimization are considered. The proposals on the use of ranking analysis and rank distributions that are widely used for the study of technocenoses, in the research process and the formation of economic systems are promoted
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CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PREDICTION OF FOOD BALANCE SHEETS
Description
This article investigates the essence and structure of food balance sheets, their role in the assessment of the food security of the country, methodological aspects of forecasting of food balance sheets
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EVENTS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLY AND SALES ACTIVITIES IN AGRICULTURE
Description
The article explores the problems of improving the efficiency of supply and sales activities of agricultural producers; the set of events to improve the efficiency of supply and sales activities is presented by three main groups, the first of which is associated with the development of infrastructure support (it extends the opportunities of economic entities by selecting the best channels and timing of the implementation of the production and acquirement of resources), the second is associated with the development of the sale and supply cooperatives (it allows you to consolidate your interests, to minimize distribution costs and provides more favorable conditions of realization of production and purchase of material resources), the third is associated with the increase of management efficiency of supply and sales activities (it ensures the growth of efficiency and quality of the most adopted managerial decisions, minimizes risks and mistakes in the choice of behavior model an economic entity on the market) it justifies the thesis that the increase in the efficiency of the supply and sale activities at the economic entity level resulted from the development of information system management, eventually, will bring additional direct and indirect economic benefits is justified, the methodology of the basis of optimal logistics centers' network that implements potato storage and pre-sale preparation functions, which at the first stage involves defining the volume of commercial potato in terms of districts, at the second stage - justifying potentially advantageous placement of logistics centers taking into account the location of transport hubs and the production volume of potato in the surrounding areas, at the third stage - working out of the economic and mathematical model for optimization of logistics centers taking into account the different level of security requirements storages while minimizing traffic volumes of potatoes put in storage
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ASSESSMENT OF THE INTEGRITY OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Description
The article discusses the use of system approach in the disclosure of the mechanisms of systems organization as holistic entities. If the system obeys a normal distribution, it is influenced by accidental factors; therefore, it becomes less predictable and less controllable. Combining elements of the system in the first place means the establishment of relations between them and the appearance of integrity. As a necessary formal feature of the consistency (integrity) of the studied object we can use a Zipf-distribution. The presence of this regularity is a necessary condition for the existence of the system, and failure to do so means that is considered not an integral object, and some combination of spontaneously selected elements. Object is not an integral system in case of failure to do so means, but rather some combination random selected elements. The article presents the results of the use of methods of ranking analysis and mathematical statistics to assess the integrity of economic objects and to check their consistency. For analysis were used data on the sown area of 30 major crops for the period 1999-2015 years. Ranking distribution was built for the average values of acreage of crops, and it is fairly well described by a hyperbolic distribution, 73.5 percent of the cases the changes in the dependent variable depend on changes in explanatory variables. A deeper statistical analysis was conducted to test the joint implementation of the two hypotheses, first, that the data set does not obey the normal distribution law and, secondly, that the data are significantly interrelated, allows to make a statement about the affiliation of the studied General population data on the planting acreage of crops statistics Zipf-type. All the coefficients are statistically significant
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MAIN TRENDS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCE DEVELOPMENT IN KVASS MARKET
Description
Interest in kvass as a national product increased noticeably in the past years, which has lead to the expansion of the range of products and the rise of the value of production and the scale of consumer preferences respectively. The importance of the analysis of the consumer preferences is obvious nowadays as there is a logic relation between commerce success and accurate knowledge of the demand of the target group. In this article, the motivation of the consumer as primary information in formation of demand for new product has been examined. The analysis is based on the examination of tastes, differentiation of structure of preferences of consumer groups, detection of unsatisfied requirements, the motives of the consumer preferences to the new product like natural fermentation kvass made with plant extract (as the author suggests): Citronella, lemon balm, oregano and Moldavian dragonhead. In order to study the choice of consumer preference they the survey of 100 residents of Voronezh has been conducted. Based on the survey and results of the research of the potential consumer preferences, the authors have found expediency of production of the new product with functional properties. They revealed factors influencing the decision of purchase and evaluation of new products. There were 100 participants aged between 20 - 60 who considered themselves as the consumers of the original kind of kvass. Most of the participants (73%) consider kvass a seasonal product. As a result the most important factor in choosing a soft drink was the taste and healthy properties. Only 7% of the participants considered price the crucial factor buying the product. Moreover, 47% of consumers were ready to buy more expensive product with new functional properties. On the basis of the survey conclusions about the demand of the new product in the market have been identified and limitative factors of manufacture have been shown
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Description
The results of the study presented showed that predator mite Ph. persimilis exhibited high food preference of the larval stage (30,2% of the total number consumed) compared to the egg (20,5%), nymph (13,4%) and adult (10,1%) stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae. The functional response of Ph. persimilis feeding on eggs and adults of T. urticae was described by the Type II curve. At a maximum density of 60 prey per leaf disc, Ph. persimilis consumed an average of 22.8 eggs and 3.2 adults over an eight-hour period. Calculated time for handling of the prey by Ph. persimilis was on the average 0.074 hours (4.4 minutes) and 3.2 hours for T. urticae eggs and adults respectively. The mean number of T. urticae eggs consumed by Ph. persimilis progressively increased with the increase of the prey density, but the rate of predation (number of eggs consumed/prey density) decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 with the increasing of prey density. The mean number of adult T. urticae consumed by Ph. persimilis at densities of 20, 40 and 60 per leaf disk remained relatively constant. But the rate of predation decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 with increasing of prey density. The experiments showed that regardless of the strategy utilized by the predator it was the one that was efficient for the predator survival
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