Dagestan State Agricultural University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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THE RATIONALE OF THE RIGID CHARACTERISTICPARAMETERS OF THE COMBINE HARVESTERS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe purpose of the study was to substantiate the rigid parameters of tyres in propulsion units for the combine harvesters of high performance. A research method is analytical with the use of a mathematical model of the combine harvester in which damping and rigidity of the drive axle tyres in circumferential and radial directions are taken into account. Values of the rational rigid characteristics of the pneumatic tyre have been generally determined by the ability of the tyre to be deformed so that to reduce the angular, vertical and horizontal skeleton oscillations of a combine harvester to ensure the high-quality technological process of the threshing and harvesting. The specified circumstance gains the special importance at the development and introduction of the new tyre modes for the combine harvesters of high performance. The analysis of the conducted analytical researches has been showed the expediency of using the threads of a cord in the propulsion unit of combine harvesters instead of diagonal or radial tyres of the same standard size with an original position of them. The offered pneumatic tyre of 30.5E-32 used as the leading one, and promotes the reduction of the angular oscillation amplitude and operating speed of a combine and also angular and vertical accelerations up to 1.42 times
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DE-FORMATION IN TIRES 30.5-32 WITH A DIF-FERENT INTERNAL STRUCTURE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe objective of the research was to study the patterns of deformation with the different internal structure in a tire envelope with the standard size of 30.5-32 in propulsion units for modern mobile farm vehicles. The research method is experimental with the use of «a tire tester» and specially developed devices for determining the deformations of the tire envelope concerning the rim in circular and radial directions. Output indicators of a wheel with the pneumatic tire are determined by the ability of the tire to be deformed so that at small hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord envelope the largest area of the contact with a substructure have been created. This circumstance has special significance when developing the tires for mobile farm vehicles with the high power saturation, the patterns of deformation of which are poorly studied now. The analysis of the carried out experimental researches has shown the expediency of application of the experimental tires with the same standard size, offered in the work, on the propulsion units of the mobile farm vehicles instead of diagonal and radial tires. The rolling resistance of the experimental tires 30.5E-32 is lower than the rolling resistance of serially produced tires, and the developed area of contact is higher and that provides the decrease in the condensing impact on the soil
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THE USING LOCAL NATURAL ORIGIN FORAGE RESOURCES IN COMPOUNDS OF BROILER CHICKENS
DescriptionUsing of compound feeds in broiler feed additives of plant resources, activates body's biological functions. This increases productivity and gives an ability to make environmentally friendly products. These local plants feed additives contributing to enrich animal feed with active ingredients include flour from nettle and Caspian marine algae. This article is devoted to studying the composition of nettle from the different locations of growth in Dagestan Republic and also, to determine the effectiveness of the use of nettle flour individually and to how implement it with the seaweeds flour in feeds of broiler chickens instead of herbal flour. The studies showed that nettle from a foothill zone in the flowering period exceeds slightly the nettle from mountain zone on the content of dry matter-1.19 % of protein-0.09 % and exchange energy 0.77 kcal/100g. Nettle meal from mountainous zone also inferiors the foothills in the energy value to 6.81 kcal/100 g. The inclusion of 2% feed meal nettle, 3% seaweed either alone or in combination of 2% instead of+3% of alfalfa grass meal resulted increasing broilers’ body weight 4,60-8,95% betterment survival to2,8-5,70%, increasing muscle output at 0,56-2,54% compared with the control group. The protein content and the amount of essential amino acids in the thoracic muscle in the test group was to 0.97-2.74%andto1,68- 2,11%, respectively, higher than the control. There was a significant increasing iodine in thoracic muscles of experimental groups 119,6-166,07% relative to control. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to include 2% of feed meal nettle and 3% from algae instead of 4% grass meal of alfalfa to improve the productivity and biological value of broiler meat and 1 % of cereals
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Description
The aim of the article has been the study of deflection laws in tractor oversize low-pressure tires, intended for class 5 tractor propulsion. The research method was experimental. The "tire tester" and specially designed devices for determining the deflections of the inner and outer tube relative to the rim in the circumferential, radial and collateral directions have been used in it. A number of factors determine outcome indices of the wheel with pneumatic tyre. Among them the ability of the tire to deform so that at low - hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord casing and admissible stresses in it, based on resource, the largest area of contact with the supporting base has been created. This circumstance is of particular importance in the development of tractor tires of low pressure, deflection characteristics of which are poorly studied at present. Analysis of experimental studies showed the necessity of the feasibility of creating the tire with the cord orientation in its casing so that in the zone of perception of the vertical and longitudinal forces the cord threads would work in a mode close to the extension, but in the area of contact it would work in bending. These requirements will best meet the tire in which the cord threads are parallelly located in adjacent layers and directed at a predetermined angle in the direction of effect of the axial forces on the wheel in oncoming fibers
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DAGESTAN HAWTHORN - A VALUABLE SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
DescriptionThe article deals with hawthorn Dagestan. It is noted that the more than 100 species are found 14 species in Dagestan. The most common of them are studied as a source of biologically active substances and nutrients, and they can be used as food additives for various purposes. The content of biologically active substances and nutrients are defined. The high content of phenolic substances in C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, which play an important role in the formation of immunity and possessing P-vitamin activity is defined. Amino acid and fatty acid composition of the fruit of the hawthorn Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, as the most valuable for using as food additives is defined by ionexchange and gas-liquid chromatography. Sixteen amino acids were identified and quantified in the protein component of hawthorn fruit. The high content of essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine. The amount of essential amino acids is 296.1 mg / 100 g. Chromatographic separation of fatty acid methyl esters has enabled us to establish the presence of the following fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic, including established the presence of essential fatty acids - the family of alpha-linolenic acid OMEGA -3 and linoleic acid family of OMEGA -6
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CREATING THE LOW BUDGET INTENSIVE APPLE ORCHARDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of foothill soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Dagestan we have explored the creation of low-cost intensive apple orchards. This work was initiated by the authors in 2011 due to the Republic "Horticulture Development Program for 2011-2016", according to which, it was planned to plant 6,200 hectares of new gardens. However, the experience of gardening in the Republic, taking into account recently prevailing socio-economic relations, subsidized nature of the economic and a chronic lack of funds, shows the riskiness of the creation of high-tech pillar-dwarf plants with the cost of 1-1,5 million rubles per hectare. Inability to overcome quickly the existing problems in the development of the industry sharp gardening at this stage, forced us to seek a way in a single direction - reducing the cost of the creation of apple orchards, while maintaining their high economic efficiency. Theoretical studies were realized as a planting of the apple garden in the district of Karabudakhkent of Dagestan of four perspective late-ripening varieties on the medium growing rootstock in the spring of 2013. The results of the three years of scientific research were embodied in the creation of intensive apple garden on the medium growing rootstock which allow now to make the following preliminary conclusions: 1.It is possible here in Dagestan to create intensive apple orchards, with an estimated yield of 30-40 tons per hectare, on the medium growing rootstock already at a density of 666 trees per hectare. 2. Cost of such a garden, without compromising quality indicators, can be reduced in the current market price of labor and the necessary materials, up to 214 thousand rubles per hectare, with access to the full return of all costs in the seventh year of operation. Such intensive garden, according to common practice, during the period of operation is able to give at least 22 full-weighty harvests and provide a net profit about 6.6 million rubles per hectare, or 236,000 rubles per hectare per year for the entire period of alienation of the land for a garden
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Description
The article discusses different types of drive axles of all-wheel drive machine. It is shown that if blocked drive of driving axle easy, it is able to provide the best traction drive qualities of the all-wheel car, if compensation of kinematic mismatch in movement of front and rear wheels. The article provides analysis of the causes of kinematic mismatch and its consequences. The analysis was given for the existing methods to reduce negative influence of kinematic discrepancy on the work of the four-wheel drive wheeled machine in locked mode. The method of reduction of kinematic mismatch by regulations of the air pressure in the tires of the wheels with one-time control of the leading moments on the axes was suggested. We show the relationship between the difference of kinematic radii of the wheels of different axles and the difference of the moments leading to them. The algorithm and description for the system of automatic control of air pressure in the tire, which realizes the proposed method, were presented. We have described experimental methods of determining the energy losses evaluation from kinematic mismatch when moving all-wheel drive machine. The article presents the results of the this assessment in relation to the agricultural wheel tractor of class 5 moving at different substructures
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REGULARITIES OF DEFLECTION IN THE DIAGONAL AND RADIAL TIRES OF THE GRAIN COMBINE PROPULSIONS
DescriptionThe aim of the study is to investigate the regularities of deflection in the diagonal and radial tires for the grain combine propulsions of high productivity. The research method is experimental. The "tire tester" and specially designed devices for revealing the deflections of the inner and outer tube relative to the rim in the circumferential and radial directions have been used. The outcome indices of the pneumatic-tired wheel are determined with the tire capability to deflect so, that at low - hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord casing and its acceptable tensions, based on a resource, the largest area of contact with supporting base would be created. This circumstance acquires the particular significance developing tires for grain combines of high performance, the deflection regularities of which are poorly studied at present. The analysis of experimental studies showed the feasibility of using the grain combine propulsions instead of the diagonal radial tires of the same size. The resistance to rolling of radial tires 30.5 R-32 is lower than in diagonal tires 30.5 L-32, and the developed contact area due to the increase of length is higher, which reduces sealing effect on the soil
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LANDSCAPING THE CITY OF MAKHACHKALA WITH VARIOUS PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe total area of green spaces in the capital of Dagestan now stands at 3003.5 hectare, and in the mid-1960s - 186 hectares. Green areas of common use per capita in 2015 compared to 1960 has decreased dramatically and amounted to 3.6%, which is only 1.0% of the norm. The race of landscape construction of the city far behind the race of construction of residential and office sectors, and the existing green spaces either in quantity or quality does not matches the sanitary and aesthetic requirements, in addition there is a low level of artistic and architectural planning of green space. We have also described the questions of the history of the garden and the park building in Makhachkala and meticulously analyzed the rock-species (species, forms, varieties) of the composition of green space. We have marked the evaluation of their condition. Despite the great diversity of species composition (281 kind of woody plants, including 60 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms 221 views), we have noticed that almost everywhere there was cultivated only a small part of them. This is despite the fact, that the Republic of Dagestan has a rich species diversity of local flora, which can be effectively used in landscaping. Here, too, there are favorable climatic conditions for the introduction of new species. It should be noted that the private sector can be traced as having the opposite trend. Some recommendations have been given to improve the structure and condition of the trees and bushes planted in the city. Finally, we have shown the necessity of linking the production of green building works with the scientific activities of specialized education and research institutions in the city
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Description
The existing settlement modes of loading of wheels of cars are defined for the conditions which are closest to road service conditions and are reflected in the existing standards. However these standards can't be applied to an assessment of functional qualities of systems of cushioning the cars which are operated in the conditions of agricultural production. The small step of roughnesses, change the cushioned characteristics under the influence of operational factors lead to emergence of the off-design modes of the movement. The purpose of the work was the research of loading of wheels of the car when moving on mulch of grains. For the purpose of obtaining characteristics of the roughnesses influencing car wheels we have recorded a smoothed microprofile of the field and got the statistics, rated autocorrelated function, spectral density of influence of a microprofile. For carrying out the researches the known mathematical model of a car road system was accepted. Influence of speed of the movement, normal rigidity of springs and tires, coefficients of damping of a suspension bracket and tires on vertical fluctuations and loading of wheels of forward and back axes of the car is investigated. The executed researches showed that the movement of the car is followed by fluctuations of indicators of loading of running system with obviously expressed periodic components. The change of the coefficient of damping of a passive suspension bracket and tires in possible limits has no essential impact on loading of wheels. Values of normal roughness of springs of forward and back axes of the car, normal rigidity of tires at which dynamic load of wheels of the car is minimum are established