Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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CORRUPTION AS A STATE SECURITY THREAT
Description
The article deals with the historical causes and conditions of corruption in Russia and some foreign countries. The concept of corruption in terms of the current legislation is briefly studied with the aim of proposing legislative initiatives in future to expand the definition of concepts: corrupt behavior; corruption; corruption offense and a crime. The work outlines the key features of act of corruption, its devastating impact on the sovereignty and security of the state. Particular attention is paid to the spiritual and moral component of occurrence of corrupt behavior in society, as well as its impact on social, political and economic development of the state. The study determines the destructive force of corruption as a factor of destabilization of the economic and political life of the society and the country, as well as the impact of this effect on the international credibility and external security of the state. In the article on the example of the political events taking place in the countries of near and far abroad, it is stated that corruption is the main cause of internal and external wars. The article identifies proposals for the improvement of the current anticorruption laws of the Russian Federation, taking into account the basic principles of the rule of law, in order to prevent internal and external destabilization in the country, as well as to strengthen security and the international prestige of the state
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Description
The article defines the acts of corruption as a factor affecting the external security of the country, given the scope of public relations, which are affected by corruption. We have displayed historical overview of corruption. On the example of the recent political events in the world, the article shows a destructive impact of corruption on the constitutional arrangement of a number of near countries and far abroad. The work defines the effective role of the psycho-physiological study of polygraph in detecting accuracy of information in the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. The use of polygraph to improve anti-corruption policy of the state opens up new possibilities in the fight with the worldwide scourge of corruption. The work gives basic preventive function to psychophysiological research on polygraph in the organizations fighting against corruption in Russia. The article analyzes the draft law "On the application of the polygraph in the Russian Federation", which is currently being introduced in the State Duma. Based on the study of the projected rate, we have made conclusions about the need for research on a polygraph in detecting corruption risks in the case of appointments of civil servants from the activity of which depends on security and international prestige of the Russian Federation
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Description
Contemporary philosophical thought is able to find modern trends of development. The traditional materialistic and idealistic model turns out archaic and platitudinous. It is necessary to work out appropriate forms of reflection. In addition, a need exists for including the interpretation of being actual fundamental research. The history of Russian thought reveals that in the end of XIX century, when intellectual crisis was occurred, it was formed such philosophical trend as realism. The grounds of realism were the achievements of natural science on the one hand and on the other were the revolutionarydemocratic ideas of «the Sixties». Realism being aimed at the reinterpretation and transformation of practical life on the real foundations set itself the task to study the actual reality. Therefore, philosophical realism has received an active development in a domestic science. Natural scientists argued correlative unity of material and ideal in nature. Idealism was regarded as speculative (insignificant) philosophy and materialism was as a limitation of the cognitive space of being and nature. The advantages of philosophical realism are rationalism, syncretism, and criticism. Realism is a trend of thought which has not yet evolved and can be productive in resolving modern problems
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REALISM AND THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY
Description
The anthropologism is traditionally considered the main feature of Russian philosophy. The article reviews some anthropological ideas that have received natural development in such direction of thought as philosophical realism in the 2nd part of XIX century. Philosophical realism is positioned as a trend that has emerged within the mainstream of the basic traditions of Russian philosophy. It is noted that this direction is defined as an independent, in the wake of the strengthening of Russian science as a new cognitive paradigm. Substantively, philosophical realism is presented with the theories and concepts of the natural sciences developed in the 2nd part of XIX century. The realistic outlook, ripening in the Science environment, not only supported the anthropological tradition of Russian thought but put them on a scientific basis. It was dominated by the view that only by using scientific methods can reveal the objective laws of coexistence between man, nature and society. The article deals with the anthropological theories of Russian thinkers such as A.N. Radishchev, A.I. Galich, N.G. Chernyshevsky. The anaysis shows that realistic outlook in the natural sciences in the area of human theory relies on the principles of integrity, panmoralizm, cosmism. The conclusion is that the philosophical concepts by realistic scientists are out of attention of modern scholars. In the meantime, the study of these theories can make a significant contribution to the practical experience of comprehension of reality, as well as help to discover new sides of the domestic, national philosophy
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REALISTIC CONCEPTION OF V.M. BEHTEREV
Description
In the focus of the article we have the philosophical concept of the outstanding scientist and social activist V.M. Behterev, which is considered as philosophical realism. Philosophical realism is a trend of Russian intellectual thought. It aims to study the nature and the man is substantial part of which. In this way, the realism is based on the anthropological tradition. Realistic ideology, which is developed by scientists, indicates the comprehension of the relationship of material and ideal in nature. To designate such connection the author proposes the concept of "philosophical conversion". Behterev's theory is positioned as a particular expression of philosophical realism in nature science, and it is termed by "evolutionary monism". It means a correlative connection of a total processes in nature. By analyzing the philosophical views of the scientist, the author concludes that psychic energy appears as a correlate of material and ideal and it is intermediated by humans. Psychic energy like other forms of energy is never destroyed and provides a social immortality of the man. The accumulation of mental energy leads to the creation of higher moral being named «progenerativ». The realistic concept of Behterev is interesting both a historical point of view and in the context of contemporary interdisciplinary efforts to comprehend the "second reality" of man, namely a virtual reality
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