03.00.00 Biological sciences
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NEW ADVENTIVE WEED PLANT AMMANNIA COCCINEA Rottb. IN THE RICE FIELDS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
DescriptionRice fields all over the world are one of the places of invasion of adventive weed species. They can reduce the yield of the rice crop by 20-30%. The phytomonitoring studies in the rice systems of the Krasnodar region in 2017 have discovered a new species of Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (Lythraceae) among the weed vegetation of the grain crops. The article gives a botanical description of the species; its biological and ecological features and ways of its distribution are discussed. Ammannia coccinea is an annual plant, light-loving and hygrophilous. The country of origin is North America. This is one of the most malicious weeds in California and the United States in general. In Asian and European countries, the plant is brought with rice seeds. Currently, in many rice-growing regions of the world, the species A. coccinea tends to spread and increase the severity of infestation. The species was registered in the Krasnodar region in the rice fields of the Abinskiy, Kalininskiy, Krasnoarmeiskiy and Slavyanskiy regions. The number of plants of A. coccinea does not exceed one plant per 10 m2, with the exception of three locations of invasion, where the density is up to 5-7 pcs/m2 and the plants occupy an area about 0.5 hectares. Considering the fact that in rich soils the height of the plant reaches 1 m, with the ramification of the stem, the plants go to the first tier. They successfully compete with rice plants, suppressing their growth and development. This can adversely affect crop yield. The article discusses the reasons for the appearance of A. coccinea in the rice fields of the Krasnodar region
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STABILIZATION OF MRNA CEREALS IN VITRO UNDER THE SILICON INFLUENCE
DescriptionThe differential stability of mRNA is an important mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Messenger RNA stability is controlled by specific genes and growth conditions. The review examines the theoretical possibility of mRNA stabilization in vivo as a consequence of replacing carbon atoms (C) or phosphorus (P), composed of nucleic acid on the silicon (Si) atom. During isolation of poly-(A)+mRNA from plant tissues by the two-cycle affinity chromatography on poly-(U)-Sepharose, regular changes in poly- (A)++mRNA yield were observed. The changes varied both with the plant genotype and growth conditions. Celite treatment of heated and unheated total RNA preparations from developing corn kernels and from green and etiolated wheat seedlings. Messenger RNA that differed in the length of poly- (A)-sequences was used for hybridization. It is evident that a reduction of poly-(A)-length causes alterations in spatial structure of mRNA, and associated proteins and cations Mg++ become accessible to celite absorption. Heating promotes melting of secondary structure, already initiated, and increases the efficiency of mRNA stabilization by celite. Interpreting the facts interact celite with mRNA in vitro and stabilization of mRNA in vivo by cycloheximide with a modern point of view can be considered with the position research of the phenomenon of RNA interference
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Description
Industrial horticulture assumes the most effective use of the potential of varieties. One of the key factors determining the yield of garden plantings is the effectiveness of pollination. To obtain the maximum yield, it is necessary to ensure maximum pollination during the flowering period. For this reason, much attention has been paid to the selection of pollinators. Crab-apple forms are promising for use as pollinators, so this work was aimed at identifying the most common alleles of the self-incompatibility gene in the crab-forms using the molecular genetic method of analysis. The object of the study was 29 apple-tree creams and 3 elite selection forms. They carried out the molecular genetic identification of alleles S2 and S10, which are among the most common apple trees in the world gene pool. Allele S2 was identified in 16 samples (14 forms and 2 elite selection forms), while S10 allele in one sample (elite form 12/2-20 (24-28)). Data on the allelic composition of the S gene in the samples studied are of value for the formation of a genetic passport on the compatibility of the studied samples of apple with modern industrial varieties
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NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR INDUCTION GEMMOGENESIS TO CREATE SOMATIC CLONES OF TEA PLANTS IN VITRO CULTURE
DescriptionThe article presents the first results of studies of somaclonal variability, which take place during cultivation of tea plants tissues and organs in vitro culture. As a starting material, there was used morphogenic callus, isolated from the basal part of tea microshoots, because callus increases somaclonal variability. An optimized protocol of the nutrient medium for induction gemmogenesis to product somatic clones of tea plants in vitro culture was developed. Morphogenesis calluses, initiated from the basal part of tea microshoots and subcultured on the nutrient medium with 6 – BAP – 2,5 ml + gibberellic acid – 1,0 ml + Tidiazuron – 4,0 ml + Tryptophan – 1000 mg, distinguished by high rates of induction of gemmogenesis – 63,3 %. The article studies the effect of exogenous growth regulators on morphological and growth indices of tea callus culture in vitro
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Description
The pathogenic agent of apple scab disease, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, causes significant damage to the industrial production of apples. Studying the pathogen in pure culture is important for solving the theoretical and practical issues of its biology. The sporulation ability of the Venturia inaequalis laboratory culture is an important diagnostic feature in morphological culture analysis, in the test for sensitivity to fungicides, when creating a collection inoculum for an artificial infection. We have studied the morphological features of conidiogenesis of pure V. inaequalis culture, such as the location of conidiogenic structures and their form. For the first time in the laboratory culture of the pathogen, sporulation in the thickness of agar on the substrate mycelium was demonstrated. Conidiogenesis proceeded according to the blastic-annellidic type. Depending on the location of the conidiogenic structures on the aerial or substrate mycelium, their morphology was different. Conidiogenic areas in the substrate mycelium could be observed with the unaided eye, in the form of hyphal grit, while they were conidia conglomerations in each annelid. Annellide had a curved shape. On the aerial mycelium, annelids were straight and always had only one conidium. Differences in the morphology of conidiogenic structures are supposed to be related to the physical conditions of the environment in which sporulation takes place. In the agar, each mature conidium remaining at the apex of the annelid interferes with the formation of the next one, which results in its bending. The fixed arrangement of conidiogenic structures and forming conidia in the thickness of agar allows the use of substrate sporification for model studies of the conidiogenesis process
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DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMAL WAY OF OBTAINING A HYDROLYZATE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
DescriptionThe work was carried out in the scientific-research laboratory of the chair of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kuban SAU, the aim of which is the search of optimal conditions of obtaining the hydrolyzates of lactic acid bacteria by thermoacid and enzymatic ways. The pure cultures of microflora of gastrointestinal tract of quails − Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus intermedius and Lactobacillus salivarius were the object of researches. Under conducting the thermal acid hydrolysis there were used the same correlations of bacterial mass and water as well as procedures of clearing of hydrolyzates. The variable conditions were рН, temperature and time of hydrolysis. When carrying out the enzymatic hydrolysis in this study there was used the enzyme from the group of muramidase lysozyme. The amount of enzymes and time of carried out hydrolysis were the variable conditions under obtaining the enzymatic hydrolyzates. In the process of researches there were studied: qualitative content of total protein, peptides with М.м. < 1500, protein and peptides with M.m. > 1500, aminoacids and as well as GMDP (glucosaminilmuramilpentapeptide). On the basis of carried out experiments there was stated that according to all components of biologically active substances the thermal acid way is more effective than enzymatic. The maximum accumulation of BAA in hydrolyzates by different ways was revealed at destruction of cells Lb. intermedius. Content of GMDP in thermal acid hydrolyzate was higher than in enzymatic on 0,028 g/100 ml (51,8 %)
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Description
The study of agronomy plants history, its distribution and use through image analysis and iconography have been presented. As an object of study, the image of wheat has been taken as the ancient culture of the world among agricultural plants. After many years, the illustrative series takes on a completely different meaning, namely, it becomes an independent resource of information. The analysis includes images of wheat in painting, sculpture, mosaic, tapestries, murals, botanical illustrations, stamps, porcelain and scientific drawings. In the work, we have made an attempt to analyze the images of wheat in the works of art in order to search for species diversity, directions of selection and genetic research, and also to present the morphological characteristics of culture. The method of analysis is a method of visual notes or sketches, which consists in comparing and searching information by image. The analysis is carried out on grounds: tall wheat, multiflorous forms of wheat, nonspreading, thickness of straw. The visual analysis of the images of wheat in works of art by the method of sketches made it possible to reveal the species diversity of culture along the ear, to see the ancient forms that were cultivated in the world before the "green revolution". The analysis included works of art from the 14th to the 21st century, the masters of painting in Italy, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, France, the United States, and others
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DESIGN OF THERAPEUTIC PHAGE COCKTAILS BASED ON T4-TYPE BACTERIOPHAGES: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
DescriptionIn the review, the stages of designing therapeutic cocktails of T4 type bacteriophages based on works by Harald Brüssow from Nestlé S.A. (Switzerland) are considered. The main stages of this process are identified: analysis of existing cocktails, selection of phages; creating a collection; cultivation of the host bacterium, multiplication of viruses; purification of the preparation; contamination testing; preservation, stabilization and storage; preclinical and clinical trials. H. Brüssow first studied the Russian drug " Coli-Proteus bacteriophage " of "Microgen" with the help of metagenomic analysis, electron microscopy and conducted its clinical studies. Prof. Brüssow considered the advantages of T4 bacteriophages for the treatment of Escherichia coli infections. Researchers studied methods of cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks, in a bioreactor, in disposable sack cultivators for the propagation of viruses. For its purification the chromatography, centrifugation, filtration and polyethylene glycol precipitation were studied. To quickly check the contamination of phage cocktails, a mass spectrometry method is proposed. Researchers considered basic strategies, such as lyophilization, spray drying, the formation of microcrystals and microspheres to stabilize the preparations. They also reviewed the results of clinical trials of phage cocktails. We have listed the problems of selecting T4 bacteriophages from the point of view of modern knowledge. H. Brüssow and his colleagues carried out an interesting work on the construction of phage cocktails based on T4 type bacteriophages, and also revealed the problems of the current state of phage therapy
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Description
In the course of the work, 33 ISSR markers were evaluated for efficacy in the detection of genetic changes in regenerants of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk.. Ten markers were found suitable for genotyping according to the species under study. Five samples from the selected ten were analyzed for a sample of 20 plants of regenerants and a mother plant. The obtained data testify to genetic stability of plant material in the process of microclonal propagation
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STRUCTURAL AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VVMYBA1, VVMYBA2 AND VVMYBA3 GRAPEVINE GENES
DescriptionThe article presents the structural and phylogenetic analysis of VIT_02s0033g00410, VIT_02s0033g00390 and VIT_02s0033g00450 genes of the grapevine genome and the closely related orthologous gene MYB114 of the Arabidopsis genome. These genes are responsible for the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in the organs of model plants and are of interest not only for practical production and breeding, but also for fundamental research. These genes were analyzed for GCcomposition of nucleotides, the presence of cisregulatory elements and promoter regions. DNA and protein sequences were aligned to look for similar elements, which allowed further analysis of the ultraconservative domains of four genes. Based on the results of search and identification of the conservative regions, a cluster tree was constructed, which made it possible to identify the separation of gene sidelines from, presumably, the main one. At the same time, the construction of consensus trees based on DNA and protein sequences revealed their absolute similarity. "The Minimal Evolution Tree" allowed calculating the approximate dates of the appearance of the mutations and the divergence times of the gene branches between each other. At the same time, the appearance of the Vitis genus and its separation from the Rosales was taken as the time first divergence point. In the end, homologous metabolic pathways were searched between grapevine and Arabidopsis, which revealed the presence of homologous proteins in the grape proteome. In this turn, it already confirms the existence of similar biosynthetic pathways and, as a consequence, interactions such as "DNA-protein" and "protein-protein"