03.00.00 Biological sciences
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SEED GERMINATION OF SPECIES RANUNCULACEAE OF YAKUT FLORA
DescriptionThe work was done based on the collection of the natural flora of the Yakut Botanical Garden. The object of research was the seeds of 22 species of the family Ranunculaceae. It is known that the seeds of many buttercup characterized morphophysiological tranquility associated with hypoplasia of the fetus (Nikolaeva, 1988; 1999), due to what delayed the germination of their seeds. Laboratory germination of seeds of the studied species varies from 0 to 100%. Among them, we have not found the kinds seeds which have explosive or fast germination (1 type of seed germination). The germination of the studied seeds states ranging from 6-7 days or more. The studied seeds were evenly distributed between 2 (12 species), and 3 types of seed germination (10 species). Type 2 is characterized by slow germination, type 3 - poor germination or lack of it
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Description
The review considers a present level of knowledge of terrestrial gastropod olfactory system. Special attention is given to data concerning presence of electrical coupling on different levels of terrestrial gastropods olfactory analyzer functioning. Analysis of available literature leads to conclusion that further study of neural gap junctions in terrestrial gastropods olfactory system will provide a significant development in its structure and function modeling
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BIOLOGY OF SEED GERMINATION OF SOME SPECIES OF FAM. ROSACEAE JUSS
DescriptionWe have studied the germination and the nature of germination of seeds of 20 species of FAM. Rosaceae. A wide range of germination characterizes their seeds: rapid, slow, with very poor or no germination. Laboratory germination of seeds stored at room temperature for 6-7 months have 80-100% - 8 species, 66-77% - 3, 1-9% - 4 species and 5 species did not germinate at room temperature, they need special conditions for germination
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DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CENTAUREA DAGHESTANICA (LIPSKY) CZER
DescriptionThe distribution and variability of features of the endemic of flora Eastern Caucasus Centaurea daghestanica (Lipsky) Czer. were given in this article. Eleven locations of the species are detected and three of them are new ones. C. daghestanica grows in the lower and middle mountain belts from 400 to 1250 m above sea level. In the lower belt, the species is found on clayey areas of the solonchak valley of Kar-Kar and the limestone slopes adjoining the valley, on average on shale screes and stony slopes. Three populations of the C. daghestanica we studied. Species composition on the investigated sites was determined, and a geobotanical description is carried out. Project coverage of C. daghestanica in the studied populations varies within 2–5%. By generative individuals of different ages were represented mainly populations. One generative shoot from 30 individuals in each population was taken to reveal the variability of the generative shoot structure, on which 13 traits were taken into account. The degree of variability of the morphological features of C. daghestanica shoot is different, the influence of the altitude level on them is not the same. The annual shoot of C. daghestanica has an average of 3-5 branches of the first order. Branches of all levels are located at the bottom of the shoot
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Description
The research results on regeneration activity of wilding cuttings of phylloxeraresistant varieties of grapes influenced by heteroauxin treatment are analysed in the article. The preliminary studies were held in All-Russian research institute of viticulture and wine-making of Ya.I. Potapenko using cuttings of 3 grape varieties – Berlandieri x Riparia Cober 5bb, Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri x Riparia CO-4. The cuttings were soaked during 48 hours in 0,005 % heteroauxin and were implanted in sand in adjustable conditions of temperature, humidity and aeration. In 2012-2013 experiments were continued in Kuban State Agrarian University. The varieties Gravesak, RSB and Berlandieri x Riparia Teleki 5C were added to the experiment. Three-items buds were shooted in damp steamed sawdust in a film hothouse. In preliminary researches application of heteroauxin has allowed to increase root-growing by 20,3-40,0 %. The greatest increase of root-growing (40 %) was observed on variety СО-4, that is characterized by the weakest potential rhizogenesis activity, and the least (20,3 %) on control variety Cober 5 bb. Next researches show that treatment of cuttings basal ends by 0,01 % heteroauxin activated their regeneration process, that was expressed in: increase in sprouts length – variety 5 C, 101-14 and Gravesak by 23,1- 157,6 %; increasing of cuttings root-growing from 16,7 % on variety 5C to 60,0 % on variety Cober 5 bb, the quantity of cuttings with not fewer of 3 roots from accordingly 13,0 % to 54,7 %; increasing of roots from 0,7 on variety СО-4 to 2,7 on variety 101-14 or in 1,7-2,7 times. The application of heteroauxin on variety RSB did not show positive results, because of the variety peculiarities
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RESULTS OF INTRODUCTION OF SPECIES OF FAMILY CAPRIFOLIACEAE JUSS. IN SFedU BOTANICAL GARDEN
DescriptionThe results of the introductory test of 22 species of the family Caprifoliaceae from 5 genera are analyzed: Abelia R. Br. (1 species), Diervilla Mill. (1 species), Kolkwitzia Graebn., Lonicera L. (15 species), Symphoricarpos Ducham. (2 species), Weigela Thunb. (2 species) in the Botanical Garden of SFedU. The estimation of ecological-biological properties, of degree of naturalization is given, of phenological development, of age status, of decorative longevity of these species. It has been established that 17 species have high winter hardiness: Kolkwitzia amabilis; Lonicera caprifolium, L. coerulea, L. chrysantha, L. demissa, L. dioica, L. ferdinandii, L. gracilipes, L. × heckrotii, L. japonica, L. morrowii, L. tatarica, L. × tellmanniana, L. trichosantha, Symphoricarpos hesperius and S. occidentalis, Weigela praecox; drought-resistant: Abelia × grandiflora, Kolkwitzia amabilis; Diervilla rivularis, Lonicera acuminata, L. caprifolium, L. confusa, L. chrysantha, L. demissa, L. ferdinandii, L. × heckrotii, L. japonica, L. morrowii, L. tatarica, L. × tellmanniana, L. trichosantha, Symphoricarpos hesperius and S. occidentalis, Weigela floribunda; medium-drought-resistant: Lonicera coerulea, L. dioica, L. gracilipes, Weigela praecox. Period of preservation of decorative qualities in plant ontogeny: Abelia × grandiflora - not less than 10 years; Diervilla rivularis, Lonicera dioica, Weigela praecox - 15-20 years; Lonicera demissa, L. gracilipes, Weigela floribunda - 20-25 years; Lonicera acuminata, L. caprifolium, L. coerulea, L. confuse, L. chrysantha, L. etrusca, L. ferdinandii, L. × heckrotii, L. japonica, L. morrowii, L. tatarica, L. × tellmanniana, species of Symphoricarpos – 25-30 years, Kolkwitzia amabilis – 30–35 years, Lonicera trichosantha 35–40 years
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Description
This article presents the results of testing IRAP DNA markers Cass1 and Cass2 applied to Prunus spinosa. The findings suggest the high perspectiveness of their using for the study of genetic diversity of the gene pool of this species. According to the results of the analysis of the sample 12 genotypes were identified from 6 to 13 fragments in the spectrum of Cass1 and from 5 to 11 fragments for Cass2. As a result of cluster analysis in the sample formed three groups of samples. In one of the groups, which is most distant from the other two, includes samples taken in Ukraine, while the remaining two groups included samples from Armenia, the Krasnodar region region, the Republic of Adygea, Ukraine and Moldova, and three cultural large-fruited form. The distribution of samples in clusters corresponded to their geographical origin that favors the objective assessment of genetic distances between the samples using Cass1 and Cass2 markers. Thus, it was concluded that the prospects of using DNA markers to study the genetic diversity within a species of Prunus spinosa
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COENOPOPULATION STATE OF SOME FABACEAE SPECIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE LENA RIVER VALLEY
DescriptionThe study concerns the results of the study of coenopopulations of the following Fabaceae species: Medicago falcata, Oxytropis candicans, and Onobrychis arenaria under conditions of the Middle Lena River. The study was conducted in Yakutsk vicinities, 13 km north-east of the city. It is stated that all the studied coenopopulations are normal. Rather small values of substitution and recovery indices evidence certain problems in self-maintaining processes. The age structure analysis using two age indices, “delta” and “omega”, allows to classify the coenopopulations of Medicago falcata, Oxytropis candicans and Onobrychis arenaria in phytocoenoses of the Lena River valley as normal young populations. They were prevailed by juvenile, immature, virginile, and young reproductive plants
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BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BURBOT – LOTA LOTA (LINNAEUS, 1758)
DescriptionThe article presents a biological characteristic of burbots in the waters of Yakutia. We discuss the most essential features of the ecology of this fish
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Description
Researches were carried out on three-eyed cuttings of stock of phylloxera-resistant grape varieties Berlandieri×RipariaCober 5BB (Cober 5BB), Riparia× Rupestris101-14 (101-14), Berlandieri × RipariaСО-4 (СО-4), Gravesak and RSB. Cuttings of presented varieties were wetted during 24 hours in water and after preliminary drying of the surface were covered in the upper part with antitranspirant, under the temperature about 90°С. Then 40 cuttings of every variety were placed with lower ends for 24 hours in 0,01% heteroauxin solution or for 8 hours in 1% Radix Plus solution. Cuttings of the control variant were placed in water. After treatment cuttings, were couching in a film greenhouse on a heated rack in humid steamed sawdust. In the result of the present researches there was determined that the wetting of basal ends of cuttings of stock phylloxera-resistant varieties in 1% Radix Plus water solution plus during 8 hours leads to the essential activity of regeneration processes in them. The expansion of the length of shoots on rooted cuttings of the experimental variant amounted for 19,2–154,5 %, the rooting of cuttings - 23,3–76,7 %, the output of cuttings having at least three roots – 33,0–78,1 %, the number of calcaneal roots– 80,8–257,1 %. The maximum increase of the length of shoots under the influence of Radix Plus was observed at varieties of Gravesak and СО-4, the rooting – Cober 5BB and CO-4, the amount of cuttings at least three roots and average amount of roots on them –101-14 and Cober 5BB. The Radix Plus caused the great stimulating influence the rootforming ability of cuttings of stock varieties than heteroauxin, the standard stimulator of root-forming