06.01.00 Agronomy
-
EFFICIENCY OF USING COMBINED UNITS WHEN PREPARING SOIL UNDER WINTER CROPS
DescriptionIssues associated with the use of combined units in the preparation of the soil are relevant and of scientific and practical interest. Relevance increases when it comes to the cultivation of the main crop - winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results on the effectiveness of the use of combined units in the preparation of soil for winter crops are important. They are important primarily from a practical point of view. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of many years of stationary experience in the FSUE "ANC" Donskoy ", Zernograd, Rostov Region and in the Krasnodar region, LLC "Step". The efficiency of the use of combined units KUM-4, APK-4, developed at SKNIIMESH, now FSUE “ANC “Donskoy” in the cultivation of winter barley and winter wheat is considered. The technological process of tillage using combined units consists of several technological operations performed simultaneously. Disk working bodies chop plant residues and destroy weeds. At the same time, a network of cracks in the underlying soil horizons is laid. Next are flat-cutting working bodies that loosen the soil already at the set depth. There is a cutting of the root system of weeds, loosening the remaining non-loosened soil layer to the required depth, the formation of a flat bottom of the “furrow”, the separation of erosion-hazardous soil particles to the bottom of the furrow. Next, a roller - a compactor - compactor enters the work, which provides regrinding of soil lumps on the surface and subcompaction of the treated layer. The last in the process chain is a mulch roller, which ensures the formation of a compacted seed bed for seeds with simultaneous mulching of the compacted soil layer. The use of combined units in the technologies of cultivation of winter barley and wheat allowed to achieve a reduction in the number of technological operations by 1,5-2,5 times, an increase in the productivity of winter wheat by 0,4 t / ha (9%), a reduction in fuel consumption by 40%, operating costs 1,4 times with the economic effect of 1500 rubles / ha and the profitability of production of 140%
-
Description
The creation of high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding is relevant in order to successfully import substitution. The purpose of these studies was to isolate and study the hybrid forms of the technical direction for the creation of promising high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding, tolerant to phylloxera and with high quality wine-making products. The objects of research were the breeding forms of grapes of the technical direction, growing in on the hybrid section AZOSViW - a branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The studies were performed using modern and generally accepted programs and techniques. The selection of elite forms according to a complex of attributes based on many years of field and laboratory research is one of the main stages of the selection process. As a result of studying the potential of hybrid forms of grapes, the selection of AZOSViW of the technical direction highlighted the hybrid forms of grapes to the elite: III -59-21, III - 62-9, with good quality of final products and tolerance to phylloxera. The article presents a brief description of selected elite forms of grapes. The selected hybrid forms belong to the early-medium term of ripening, accumulate a high concentration of sugars and have an average cluster weight greater than that of the control variety called Krasnostop Anapa
-
Description
The article discusses the results of the research on winter soft wheat which is connected with the studies of yield variability, depending on the year conditions and the variety, conducted in 2003-2014. The objects of the research were 34 varieties included in different years into the State register of breeding achievements and recommended for cultivation. The experiment was carried out by the predecessor of soybean on the medium background of soil fertility. The varieties were being cultivated both with the protection against fungal diseases and without it. The method of dispersive and variance analysis was used in mathematical processing of the yield data. The parameters of ecological plasticity (bi) and yield stability (S2) have been calculated according to the methodology of E.A. Eberhardt and U. A. Russell (1984). The range of variability has been defined according to V.A. Zykin (2000), the fulfillment of the yield potential has been set according to E. D. Nettevitch (2001). The research revealed that the new winter soft wheat varieties included into the State register of breeding achievements are mostly productive and adaptive. Their yield increases mainly due to the upper threshold. The new varieties differ in yield stability but we have not found out a certain pattern. In conclusion it must be mentioned that the implementation of Eberhardt and Russell model in analyzing yield data allows us to estimate general tendencies in its variation when the conditions of the environment change and to identify the most valuable genotypes. In order to rank genotypes according to the characteristics which are being studied we have to choose an agricultural background on which their maximum potential is realized
-
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SOYBEAN GROWTH REGULATORS
DescriptionTo develop new promising soybean growth regulators, we have synthesized series of derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Synthesized compounds have been studied as potential soybean growth regulators. Substances with a high growth stimulating effect have been found. The growth regulators affected the branching coefficient, the number of seeds in the beans and their weight. The yield increased by 6.7-23.4%, the quality of grain increased
-
ANALYSIS OF SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF ALLIUM GUNIBICUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTRODUCTION
DescriptionAs the result of introduction research of Dagestan endemic Allium gunibicum under mountain conditions seed productivity variability data were obtained. An analysis of the data revealed significant difference in seed productivity performance of samples (inflorescence mass, seed mass, mass of 100 seeds, fruit number, ovules number, number of seeds, percentage of fruit bloom, seeds formation coefficient) among themselves both within one-year research and annually. The analysis showed that under the introduction with the same conditions the mean values of seed productivity characteristics decrease together with increasing of the sea level of collecting locations; at the same time, a mass of 100 seeds increases. The most variable factors were found out. They are seed mass in inflorescence, seed number in inflorescence, seeds formation coefficient. And the steadiest factors are a percentage of fruit bloom and mass of 100 seeds. As the result of the one-way analysis of variance a significant influence of the altitude above the sea level and slope disposition were discovered
-
MAGNETIC PROFILES OF KUBAN SOILS OF VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL USE
DescriptionThe article discusses the change in the magnetic properties of soils of different agricultural use, depending on the conditions of soil formation. The objects of study are leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasia, meadow chernozem and meadow bog soils of rice agrolandscapes. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of hydromorphism, the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil decreases. The leached chernozem has the highest magnetization of the profile. In soils formed under the influence of hydromorphic soil formation, magnetic susceptibility is reduced by 3.0-3.5 times in rainfed conditions and deposits, and by 6.0-12.0 times in soils of rice agrocenoses
-
Description
In the conditions of the Northern and Southern foothill zones of the Krasnodar Territory, the soil preparation Reasil® Soil conditioner was tested to study its effect on the water – physical properties and structural state of the chernozem of ordinary and alluvial meadow soils. Field and field experiments were conducted in the Northern Zone when maize was cultivated in irrigation. The preparation was applied before sowing by the spreader "Amazone" under pre-sowing cultivation (to a depth of 12 cm) at a dose of 400 kg / ha. In the South foothill zone, the experiment was conducted on a crop – a seedling tomato. The preparation was applied before planting seedlings in a dose of 200 kg / ha. It was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of alluvial meadow soil, which was 1,46–1,47 g / cm3 and 44,3–44,5 %, respectively, with practically no pores occupied air (porosity of aeration). However, the use of ameliorant on this soil contributed to an increase in the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable and subsoil horizons, respectively, by 15,9 and 22 %, and the sum of waterproof aggregates by 8,4 and 1,5 %. In the northern zone, when maize was grown, it was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the soil density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of the chernozem plain, where it amounted to 1,29–1,32 g/cm3 and 51,6–51,5 % at rather high aeration porosity. The meliorative method reduced the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable layer of chernozem by 15,4 % and increased their quantity in the subsoil horizon (1,4 %). The number of waterproof aggregates increased on the variant with the use of ameliorant, respectively, by 19,9 and 2,8 %
-
Description
This article presents the results of studies on the influence of the fertilizer application rate and methods of using Bereke GN growth stimulant on the biochemical and economic indicators of early potato harvest in southern Kyrgyzstan. Due to the lack of scientific data of complex use of fertilizers and growth-stimulators in the conditions of the Southern Kyrgyzstan, we considered it necessary to specify ways and rates of application of a growth stimulator Bereke GN by production of early potatoes in plain zones on typical gray soils. In the conditions of the South of Kyrgyzstan similar researches in the production technology of early potatoes are conducted for the first time. Field experiments are made on a plot of the Osh technology university in the Kyrgyz Republic Osh region Aravan district Mangyt village in 2016-2018. Complex use of a growth stimulator Bereke GN on crops of early potatoes in a growing season promoted increase in accumulation of starch in potatoes tubers. The analysis of these experiences shows that in options on routes of administration of a growth regulator Bereke GN accumulation of vitamin "C" in tubers in all three years of carrying out researches not considerably raised and averaged 15.98-16.66 mg of %. Concentration of nitrates in tubers of early potatoes, in the conducted researches did not exceed the number of maximum allowable concentration. Economic effect showed, experience option complex uses of a growth-promoting factor of Bereke GN. Therefore, at the same time high net income – 199.18 thousand som/hectare is gained, and profitability equaled 124.13%
-
Description
The quality of the seed largely depends on the value of the future crop. For sowing, it is necessary to use seeds with high sowing qualities. This article is devoted to the study of the formation of high-quality seed of new varieties of winter barley, depending on the controlled compaction of crops. The paper describes in detail the importance of sowing qualities of seeds for the formation of high productivity of barley crops. The questions of influence of different seeding rates on laboratory and field germination of seeds are considered. The correlation between the four variants of seeding rates and field and laboratory germination was determined. The purity of seeds of winter barley varieties Kubagro – 1 and Kubagro – 3 was studied and it was determined that the change in the density of the formed stem does not affect the purity of seeds of these varieties. The use of highly productive seeds for sowing and further qualitative cleaning of the obtained grain contributes to the production of seed material with high purity. When considering the weight of 1000 grains in the studied varieties, it was determined that with an increase in the number of productive stems per unit area and a decrease in the area of plant nutrition, both varieties reduced the mass of grains. The highest rates of weight of 1000 grains were determined when sowing with the norm of 3.5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, such a pattern was observed for both varieties
-
PROSPECTS FOR GROWING RUSSIAN LILAC CULTIVARS (SYRINGA VULGARIS L.) IN FINLAND
DescriptionCommon lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.), is one of the most essential landscape plants throughout the whole cool and temperate region and also in Finland very popular and traditional ornamental. The diversity of the lilacs available for research use and growth in Finland could be broadened by introducing Russian winter hardy cultivars to Finland. Their winter hardiness and survival in the Finnish climate has to be studied in order to proceed to using Russian cultivars in the Finnish climate. Lilacs that grow at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden Siberian Branche of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Novosibirsk were introduced to Finland within the framework of the collaborative project in 2012. Currently, the collection of Syringa vulgaris in CSBG SB RAS has 26 cultivars of 116 tested ones, most resistant to the conditions of Novosibirsk city. In project “Syreenimaja” (2016-2018) small scale plantations with Russian lilac cultivars were made at several locations in Finland and the freezing tolerance of the cultivars was tested. The survival and growth of the lilac plants in these plantings in landscape gardening areas in old gardens is being observed. The lilac plants are still young and have not been flowering broadly. The preliminary results have shown that the Russian lilacs have potential to grow in Finland, but at least cultivar ‘Daphna’ has suffered from winter injuries. Descriptions of 10 tested lilac cultivars from the collection of the CSBG SB RAS are given