№ 105(1), January, 2015
Public date: 30.01.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 64, 130 kb
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Description
The subjects of the study are the foundations of buildings with a high center of gravity, in particular, the foundations of high-rise buildings with developed upper floors due to the large consoles. From a set of loads, transferred to the high-rise building with a high center of gravity, we can highlight the most significant impacts, affecting the distribution of forces in the elements of the foundation. We reveal the factors playing a special role in the choice of design solutions for the foundations. The practical significance of this research is due to the demand for ground areas in the cities which are being developed, although they were previously considered unsuitable for construction. Today, one of the primary tasks for engineers and architects is increasing technical and economic performance of construction projects and meeting customers' requirements in the individual architecture. As a variant of increasing technical and economic performance of buildings in dense city building conditions is to use the arm structures in their design solutions that both low-rise and high-rise building can achieve the architectural attractiveness of the building and significantly increase the usable floor area. In the research, two types of the foundations were projected for the object which is an eight-apartment building in the ground conditions of Sochi. The analysis was carried out with such software as PC ING +. After receiving the results of numerical analyses we performed a comparative analysis of pile-slab and slab foundation with the seismicity of the construction site. Therefore, we have identified the most rational of two types of foundations
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Description
The article proposes the updated model of the influence of logs length onto a size of wooden chips produced with the use of a disk chipper. This article focuses on the fact that the length of any of the logs in the process of chipping is reduced. For this reason at the final stage of chipping, any of the logs with a standard initial length of 1.2 m inevitably transform into short logs, for which the conditions of chipping are significantly different from the chipping conditions at the start of chipping. The task of accounting for these changes is reduced to finding a solution of the transcendental equation. The results of numerical simulation indicate a progressing decreasing trend in the bevel angle and increasing in the length of the particles of wood chips with decreasing of logs length. Adequacy of the modeling results confirmed by laboratory tests and production experiment. Measuring linear and angular dimensions of chip real particles showed that the particles of such length may be equal to 7 cm, which is 3.5 times larger than the standard length of 2 cm. The angle of the bevel of the cutting plane of the particle may be 14º, which is approximately three times less of standard value equal 39º- 43º. We also discuss the comparison with the approximate solution, which was published in 2012 year. The article can be useful for specialists of wood-preparatory cycle in the paper industry
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USE OF CRIOPROTECTORS IN THE BAKING SECTOR
DescriptionThe main component of food pyramid is bakery products. Consumers of bakery products offer fresh bakery in any time of day, in wide assortment, produced by traditional way and possessing the beneficial properties, hypoallergenic and mainly tasty. In Russia, there is an intensive development of the new technologies, which are based on the freezing of semi-finished bakery. There was considered a possibility of pectin use with a new purpose as a crioprotector in the article. On the first stage of the researches there was a work on study of the influence of different crioprotectors on rheology of dough, dough water-absorbing ability, change of formation time and dough stability at addition of crioprotectors, change of valometric assessment of dough at addition of crioprotectors. There was an analysis of the index of “flour power”. On the results of the research, there was calculated the optimal dose of pectin introduction. There was studied the influence of different crioprotectors on structure of frozen by-products. There were cited the microphotos of frozen yeast dough. There was revealed that the best indexes of a quality of ready bread was reached at use of EMP microwave frequency of defrosting dough by-products taking into account energy expenses there was chosen the rational way of baking. There was worked out the technological scheme of bread production from frozen by-products with pectin as a crioprotector
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ANALYSIS OF BY-PRODUCTS MARKET IN RUSSIA
DescriptionChanging style of life, its rhythm and tendencies dictate their own conditions. The deficit of time makes us economize it on all, including the time for cooking. Among the main trends of the domestic meat market - switching consumers from frozen meat products to fresh cooled products. In connection with it the amount of consumers of meat semi-finished products grows. In the work there was considered the results of research of the Russian market of by-products. The market of frozen meat by-products is actively developed in large cities, where it has its own production. The participants of the market state that consumers have started to buy more frozen by-products by weight and the analysis of meat by-products assortment in retailing trade for 2014 testifies it. Trying to fasten their positions, operators of the market not only develop the production powers but work out new products and the analysis of dynamics of production volumes of meat by-products and shares of federal districts – producers of meat by-products testify it. The main players in this segment see the future market for complex, receipt, combined products and ready dishes that will lead to change of structure of meat semi-finished products sales
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TECHNOLOGIES OF SMOKED SAUSAGE PRODUCTION WITH THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS
DescriptionActivation of starter cultures in cold smoked sausage production is one of the most significant technological approaches which allows speeding up fermentation and decreasing the time for air drying of cold smoked sausages. During the research and experimental findings it is confirmed that the activation of starter cultures can be reached by using electromagnetic treatment. There were presented the results of approbation of technologies of intensification of summer sausages with the application of electromagnetic treatment with low frequencies of start cultures and raw meat in the work. There were cited the results and the substantiation of working out of device for electromagnetic processing. There were determined the optimal frequencies and time for destruction and intensification of microflora growth. In the result of carried out researches there was proven that the electromagnetic processing influences the functional-technological properties and microbiological seeding of raw meat. There were cited the results of researches of influence of processed by electromagnetic field start cultures the functional-technological properties of model stuffing. On the results of researches there was carried out the approbation of offered technology in the course of which the pH, mass share of moisture and microbiological seeding of sausages are tracked. In accordance with reports of probationary center of JSC “Meat factory “Tikhoretskiy”, experimental line of summer sausages corresponds on physical-chemical, microbiological, toxicological, organoleptic indexes, terms of validity TC 9213-006-00422020-2002. Ready product was subjected the organoleptic assessment of specialists of JSC “Meat factory “Tikhoretskiy”
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Description
In recent years, Russia has paid great attention to the theoretical and practical aspects of conservation. Since electric drives consume about 70% of electrici-ty generated, the most substantial savings achieved by using variable speed drives AC and DC. In this article, for the positional DC drive with speed-dependent resistance torque we have developed three energy-saving diagrams for large movements: with a speed limit of the drive; restricted maximum current anchor chain and speed electric motor; restricted maximum and minimum values of the current anchor chain of the motor and the speed of the drive. We have developed software to determine the parameters of energy saving diagrams for large movements of the executive body of the electric DC depending on the speed torque resistance. For the considered energy saving diagrams, which provide large movement of the executive body of the electric DC, depending on the speed of the moment of resistance, it is necessary to provide the following condition – the maximum speed of the executive body of the drive must be equal to the maximum allowable speed value. We have also defined analytical dependences, allowing calculating the consumption of the electric power drive by moving its executive body, in accordance with the proposed diagrams. Realization of the developed positional control DC motor with speed-dependent torque resistance will lead to energy savings
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STATE OF THE RIGHT BANK OF THE CHELBAS RIVER IN CHELBASSKAYA VILLAGE IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
DescriptionThe river Chelbas – is the steppe river passing through all Chelbasskaya village of the Kanevsky area. Selting of small rivers leads to rise in level of ground waters and bogging of flood plains which become unsuitable for any use. Harmful influence can conduce coming in a reservoir of a large number of suspensions. Suspensions increase water turbidity, reduce depth of penetration of sunshine, i.e. reduce a layer in which there is a photosynthesis that conducts to decrease of primary production of a waterway and deficiency of oxygen. The increase in ground rainfall can lead to change of fauna of a benthos, a silting of spawning areas, death from suffocation of have already spawned caviar of fishes. Research of the right river bank of Chelbas in the territory of stanitsa Chelbasskaya included studying of qualitative structure of wood, shrubby and grassy vegetation of a coastal strip, visual assessment of its state and definition of the general projective covering. In the lower current of these rivers the mineralization raises to 3-5 g/l. It speaks, apparently, by that the water containing alluvial deposits in the top parts of valleys have higher filtrational properties better are washed out, than on surrounding watersheds and slopes, and also down valleys. Works on bank protection will improve a condition of a right-bank strip of river Chelbas
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Description
The article presents the results of the studies on the effect of processing grape cuttings of different lengths with Norwegian rooting stimulator called Radix plus on their regenerative capacity. In the experiment we used two-, three-, four- and five buds cuttings of Vostorg table grape variety, characterized by weak rooting activity. Paraffined and pre-processed by growth regulator, these cuttings were rooted in vessels with water. The studies found that with the increasing length of cuttings we decrease the degree of blooming buds, which is associated with the manifestation of the longitudinal polarity. Processing cuttings with Radix Plus leads to inhibition of blooming buds and shoot growth, which is enhanced by increasing the length of cuttings from two to five buds. The maximum of rooting ability of the cuttings and output with 3 or more was reached by roots of two-buds cuttings. The regularity of these parameters decrease with increasing length of the four buds cuttings with some increase in the five buds; the maximum number of roots was reached by two buds and five buds cuttings. Using of Radix Plus reduces the difference between the rooting on short and long cuttings. The most consistent effect of Radix Plus is the output of the cuttings with 3 roots and more on three buds cuttings, and on the increasing number of roots - in the three- and four buds cuttings. When germinating the cuttings of Vostorg variety in comfortable conditions, without using growth regulators, it is better to use two buds cuttings, and in the case of pre-processing them with Radix Plus – we suggest three buds cuttings
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Description
The article presents the results of the studies of the processing effect of the growth regulator called Stimolante 66f (Stimolant) on cuttings of Moldova grape variety as well as on the regenerative properties, yield and quality of seedlings. We have tested three concentrations of the preparation - 0.001; 0.01 and 0.1% as compared with heteroauxin treatment (standard), and no treatment (control). The experiments have been conducted in the laboratory and in the field. In the lab experiment cuttings were rooted in the vessels with water, and in the field they were planted in open ground. Processing cuttings with heteroauxin led to a delay in blooming of the buds of 0.4 days, and with Stimolante - to acceleration of the process to 0.3-0.8 days. Processing cuttings with heteroauxin and with Stimolante at 0.01 and 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots, which survived until the end of the experience. Using Stimolante at 0.01 and 0.1% resulted in a stimulation of rooting cuttings and increased the output by 3 or more roots. Heteroauxin stimulated rooting only in the initial period. More roots formed on cuttings processed by heteroauxin and Stimolante at the minimum concentration of the drug, i.e. 0.001%. In the open ground, the best results for the yield and the quality of the seedlings were obtained with concentration of 0.1% of Stimolante. Heteroauxin showed worse results than Stimolante in optimum concentrations like in the rooting of cuttings on the water as in the open ground
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Description
The article is dedicated to the features of the correlations between the indicators of shoot and root growth ability of grape cuttings varieties of Moldova and Vostorg of different lengths, under the influence of the processing them with Norwegian growth regulator - Radix plus. We have found that in the control variants on both varieties there are fairly close correlation connections between the number of shoots, their length and the degree of blooming buds. However, in the advanced options the character of the relationship between these parameters depends on the varietal characteristics manifested in the potential root activity cuttings. For Moldova cuttings which are characterized by high root activity, the use of Radix plus led to some strengthening of the correlations, and for Vostorg (with the weak activity of rooting of cuttings) - to decreasing of the correlations. This fact may indicate that the negative effects of growth regulators on the activity of endogenous hormones in the cuttings of Vostorg varieties, which explains the decrease of rooting of longer cuttings. Processing the cuttings of Moldova with Radix plus led to increasing in the frequency and extension of the correlations between shoot and root growth ability of cuttings. For Vostorg, on the contrary, the use of Radix plus led to the weakening of these connections. The reason for this phenomenon, as is the case with figures of shoot growth ability may be a change in the activity of the endogenous phytohormone influenced by exogenous auxin. Character of correlations identified between indicators of root growth ability of cuttings shows that rooting depends primarily on the hormonal activity of cuttings, number of roots - on cuttings plastic substances, and the yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more - on both of these points