№ 108(4), April, 2015
Public date: 30.04.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 91, 194 kb
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BIO-DIAGNOSTICS OF RESISTANCE OF GREY FOREST SOILS OF ADYGEA TO POLLUTION WITH Zn, Cd, Mo, Se
DescriptionThe essential part of a soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is occupied by gray forest soils. Thus they still remain a little studied, including concerning their resistance to chemical pollution. Contamination of gray forest soils of Adygea with Zn, Cd, Mo, Se causes deterioration of their biological properties. In most cases, the degree of reduction of the values of biological indicators is directly dependent on the concentration of pollutant in the soil. According to the degree of toxicity to the biological properties of the investigated elements form the following sequence: Se > Zn > = Cd > Mo. Biological parameters investigated in research (activity of catalase and dehydrogenase, cellulolytic ability, abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, radish root length) may be used for purposes of monitoring, diagnosis and regulation of chemical pollution of gray forest soils Zn, Cd, Mo, Se
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Description
This article is devoted to the study of small mammal communities (species composition, daily activity and spatial distribution) in the agrocoenosis. The fields of winter crops that were surrounded by similar fields or by winter crops with meadow vegetation were researched. The Mus musculus became the dominant species in the winter crops agrocoenosis. The R. Sylvaemus living near the border with field-protective forest belts (and 25 meters field around) are subdominant group. Marked single finds Mus musculus in the forest and R. Sylvaemus in the field (at a distance before 50 meters). It is shown that the presence of meadow vegetation increases the species diversity of mice in the agrocoenosis. In the middle of this field a subdominantion group is Microtus arvalis s.l. and Cricetulus migratorius. The both species prefer a neighborhood with meadow vegetation. The method of recapture, followed by labeling with animals, made it possible to fix the movement for a distance of about 400 m. during the night (maximum values were males Mus musculus). The activity of small mammals in the winter crops was timed to coincide with the day-night cycles, with high activity from 01:00 to 04:00 am, and minimum activity after 09:00 hours of the morning before 08:00 pm
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Description
The results of the study presented showed that predator mite Ph. persimilis exhibited high food preference of the larval stage (30,2% of the total number consumed) compared to the egg (20,5%), nymph (13,4%) and adult (10,1%) stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae. The functional response of Ph. persimilis feeding on eggs and adults of T. urticae was described by the Type II curve. At a maximum density of 60 prey per leaf disc, Ph. persimilis consumed an average of 22.8 eggs and 3.2 adults over an eight-hour period. Calculated time for handling of the prey by Ph. persimilis was on the average 0.074 hours (4.4 minutes) and 3.2 hours for T. urticae eggs and adults respectively. The mean number of T. urticae eggs consumed by Ph. persimilis progressively increased with the increase of the prey density, but the rate of predation (number of eggs consumed/prey density) decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 with the increasing of prey density. The mean number of adult T. urticae consumed by Ph. persimilis at densities of 20, 40 and 60 per leaf disk remained relatively constant. But the rate of predation decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 with increasing of prey density. The experiments showed that regardless of the strategy utilized by the predator it was the one that was efficient for the predator survival
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DYURSO RIVER ICHTHYOCENOSIS
DescriptionIn the article we have described the history of the studies and the modern features of fish community of the Black sea's river Durso (the length 14 km). It was established, that in present time the river includes only seven species of fishes from three ecological groups: freshwater (five species), saltwater (one specie) and marine (one specie). A bleack (Alburnus alburnus) and Colchis minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus) dominate by quantity in the structure of Durso river fish community, bleack and Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) dominate by biomass. The negative changes of Durso river conditions were found in compare with the last years. First of all, it appears in biological pollution of fish species allochthonous for this river. In the period of the Durso river monitoring (1935–2014) it was established the distinct raise of allochthonous components with parallel reduce of variety of autochthonous fresh waters rheophilic species. The main reason is the building of reservoir in upper flow of the Durso river in 1976. The additional negative factor influence on of the Durso river fish community is the falling down of the water level during the important period of fish lifecycle. The best condition of fish community is in the middle part of the river were reaches combine with the cold springs and powerful flow
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionRecently, the process of monetization of the evaluation of scientific activity was initiated, and there is a need for quantitative methods and comparable assessment of the effectiveness and quality of work of a scientist. There are numerous methods to reward for these results. What is common to all these techniques covered is the role of the Hirsch index or h-index. By itself, this index is well founded. However, in connection with the practice of application of h-index in our environment in the minds of the scientific community it has started some kind of mania, which the author proposes to call "Hirsch-mania". This mania is characterized by elevated unhealthy interest to the value of the Hirsch index, especially inadequate artificial exaggeration of this value, as well as a number of negative implications of this interest. In this article we have made an attempt to briefly describe some of the negative effects of this new mental infection that hit the public consciousness of the scientific community. And also we want to identify ways of overcoming at least some of their causes. This is the problem solved in this work. To solve the formulated problem, we propose to apply multi-criteria approach based on information theory, namely those options, which are implemented in an automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tools - intelligent system called "Eidos
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this article we consider a mathematical model of effect of non-compliance with the prevention of HIV/AIDS among a heterogeneous population based on known model by Kimbir et al (2006). The effectiveness of a condom use and implications of non-compliance with a population of preventive measures (condoms) are the aim of this research work. In this work, with definite coefficients, nonlinear model is used, which consists of system of six differential equations for different population groups (six groups of the population) to obtain the model equations. Compared with the existing model by Kimbir, the proposed model to a large extent, takes into account the birth rate of the studied population. Numerical simulation of the model equations shows that reducing the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS can be effectively achieved within a certain time, and only where relatively high condom efficacy and high compliance by susceptible and infected are observed. From the obtained results, we can see that the control of HIV/AIDS in the heterosexual population depends on the net compliance and effectiveness of the recommended prevention (condom use). As a recommendation, the model focuses on intensive training and ongoing campaigns to raise the awareness of the population by governmental and non-governmental agencies on the effective use of the condom
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ON SOME APPROACHES TO ECONOMICMATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SMALL BUSINESS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionSmall business is an important part of modern Russian economy. We give a wide panorama developed by us of possible approaches to the construction of economic-mathematical models that may be useful to describe the dynamics of small businesses, as well as management. As for the description of certain problems of small business can use a variety of types of economic-mathematical and econometric models, we found it useful to consider a fairly wide range of such models, which resulted in quite a short description of the specific models. In this description of the models brought to such a level that an experienced professional in the field of economic-mathematical modeling could, if necessary, to develop their own specific model to the stage of design formulas and numerical results. Particular attention is paid to the use of statistical methods of non-numeric data, the most pressing at the moment. Are considered the problems of economic-mathematical modeling in solving problems of small business marketing. We have accumulated some experience in application of the methodology of economic-mathematical modeling in solving practical problems in small business marketing, in particular in the field of consumer goods and industrial purposes, educational services, as well as in the analysis and modeling of inflation, taxation and others. In marketing models of decision making theory we apply rankings and ratings. Is considered the problem of comparing averages. We present some models of the life cycle of small businesses - flow model projects, model of capture niches, and model of niche selection. We discuss the development of research on economic-mathematical modeling of small businesses
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LIMIT THEOREMS FOR KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATORS IN SPACES OF ARBITRARY NATURE
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionSome estimators of the probability density function in spaces of arbitrary nature are used for various tasks in statistics of non-numerical data. Systematic exposition of the theory of such estimators had a start in our work [2]. This article is a direct continuation of the article [2]. We will regularly use references to conditions and theorems of the article [2], in which we introduced several types of nonparametric estimators of the probability density. We studied more linear estimators. In this article we consider particular cases - kernel density estimates in spaces of arbitrary nature. When estimating the density of the one-dimensional random variable, kernel estimators become the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimators. Asymptotic behavior of kernel density estimators in the general case of an arbitrary nature spaces are devoted to Theorem 1 - 8. Under different conditions we prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of kernel density estimators. We have studied uniform convergence. We have introduced the concept of "preferred rate differences" and studied nuclear density estimators based on it. We have also introduced and studied natural affinity measures which are used in the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of kernel density estimators. We have found the asymptotic behavior of dispersions of kernel density estimators and considered the examples including kernel density estimators in finite-dimensional spaces and in the space of square-integrable functions
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this article we propose a method that uses the apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets, together with the five-factor model of Altman in assessing the creditworthiness of an enterprise. Altman's model works in two ways: It applies the root mean square (RMS) integral approximation for the exact calculation of quantitative assessment of creditworthiness (probability of bankruptcy), and using the device of fuzzy sets for ordered sets by the degree of confidence in the resulting probability. In this paper we conducted simulation procedure for the credit assessment and showed the capabilities of the model. The model input parameters , forms system inputs (input variables), allowing you to get the value of the parameter z of Altman. With the help of Altman's model, approximating function L6, the decision function I(p) and the algorithm for calculating preference we obtain the number of the set i to which belongs a number of ordered sets as fuzzy logic . On the selected simulation parameters, stable statistics can be obtained. Altman's model with the use of computational function allows real values of the input parameters of the enterprise replaced by random values of the simulation model. This technique allows, as shown by the results of computational experiments, the creditor to obtain additional information on the creditworthiness of the investigated enterprise and make a more informed conclusion about its financial condition, which speeds up the decision on the possibility of issuing the required credit. The development of method of estimating fuzzy logic can be applied to other models of assessing the creditworthiness of a company: Davydov's model, Zaitseva's, Saifullina's, Kadykova's and others with appropriate modification
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionMetric describing the accelerated and rotating reference system in general relativity in the case of an arbitrary dependence of acceleration and angular velocity on time has been proposed. It is established that the curvature tensor in such metrics is zero, which corresponds to movement in the flat spaces. It is shown that the motion of test bodies in the metric accelerated and rotating reference system in general relativity is similarly to the classical motion in non-inertial reference frame. Maxwell's equations and Yang-Mills theory are converted to the moving axes in metric describes the acceleration and rotating reference frame in the general relativity in the case of an arbitrary dependence of acceleration and angular velocity of the system from time. The article discusses the known effects associated with acceleration and (or) the rotation of the reference frame - the Sagnac effect, the effect of the Stewart-Tolman and other similar effects. The numerical model of wave propagation in non-inertial reference frames in the case when potential depending of one, two and three spatial dimensions has been developed. It has been shown in numerical experiment that the acceleration of the reference system leads to retardation effects, as well as to a violation of the symmetry of the wave front, indicating that there is local change of wave speed