№ 112(8), October, 2015
Public date: 30.10.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 151, 381 kb
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RATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS POST-HARVEST PROCESSING
DescriptionThe aim of the research is the determination of rational technology of post-harvest treatment of seeds of sunflower. Existing technologies that are implemented in grain cleaning units and complexes for the preparation of seed material type GCM (Voronezhselmash), "Polyma" (Belarus) and others perform seed treatment by sequential processing on all cleaning machines. Return at any point not provided, it is necessary to conduct repeated handling throughout the chain of cars that leads to the reduction of seed yield, decreased performance and increased injury to seed. Research Institute of oil crops designed container technology in universal seed cleaning complex, eliminates these disadvantages and allows finishing the processing of seed material at the time of matching seeds with the requirements of GOST at any stage. In seed output pneumatic sorting machines MOS-9N, which is seed cleaning complex that contained diseased seeds that differ from healthy seeds by color and lowered their quality. To improve the quality of seed material was applied photoelectron separator F 5.1, followed by separation of sunflower seeds on the dimension fraction (Ø7-Ø8 mm, Ø8-Ø9мм). In the result of the research container technology with subsequent fractionation of sunflower seeds on the separator at the final stage of their processing improves the yield of highly certified seeds from 92.90 to 93.20 % compared 91,20 % (without fractionation) and reduce the content of their departure from 68,83 to 65,60 % compared 85,52 % (without fractionation) depending on size fraction
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HISTORICAL APPROACH TO THE USE OF SAMPLING METHODS
DescriptionThe article describes the historical approach to the use of sampling, both in Russia and abroad. The above classification of the main stages in the development of the sampling method in science made it possible to determine the practical significance of the use of this method in the audit practice
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Description
To improve the efficiency of using receivable accounts at the enterprise, there is an objective need to perform its constant control. The management of the accounts receivable allows to consider the issues arising during the execution of payments from the debtors of the enterprise in due time and to take essential measures to overcome such situations. This will ultimately have a favorable effect on the financial condition of the company. This article reviews the possibility of using information technologies for the management of the accounts receivable of the enterprise through the implementation of a balanced credit policy. The presented software tool makes it possible to calculate the final credit rating of each enterprise’s debtor by determining the sum of the weighted estimates of all risk factors, to determine the credit limit of each debtor, based on the total debt limit of the company, or on the basis of average monthly receipt from the funds of the debtor. Furthermore, the program helps to calculate the sum of discounts given to the debtor for the timely merchandise payment, or the sum of the fine for breach of the payment discipline. The use of information technology to automate processes of the accounts receivable management of enterprises can significantly reduce economist’s time of work spent on this issue, define emerging problems in this sphere in due time and help to make justified management decisions to overcome such problems
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SIMPLEX METHOD WITH ARTIFICIAL BASIS
DescriptionThe presented article is devoted to solving problems using the simplex method with artificial basis. Simplex method with artificial basis is used when quite difficult to find initial support program of the initial problem of linear programming, written in canonical form. The presented method is used in the presence of solutions to the system of restrictions and conditions, equations, inequalities and conditions, as well as a transformation table method. The calculation of the system is carried out by introducing artificial variables Ri with the sign of which depends on the type of the optimum, to remove from the basis of these variables are introduced in the last objective function with negative coefficients M that are "mulct" for putting artificial variables. Simplex table, which is made in the process of decision, using the method of artificial basis, called extended. It differs from the conventional in that it comprises two lines of the objective function. In minimization problems - with positive M. Hence, from the original one we have already obtained the new M -problem. If in the optimal solution M-problem has no artificial variables, this decision will be the optimal solution of the original problem. But, if in the optimal solution M-tasks at least one dummy variable is different from zero, the system of constraints of this problem and have inconsistent problem is unsolvable
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CHANGES IN ORDINARY CARBONATE CHERNOZEM CONDITIONS CONSIDERING MODERN HYDROMORPHISM
DescriptionThere are changes in almost all the properties of chernozems under locally overmoistening. In general, changes in the properties and conditions of chernozems under the development of local wetlands went in a particular way, regardless of the peculiarities of soil formation factors and causes waterlogging. The most noticeable change is the transformation of physical properties of soil and organic matter status. According to our research, more quickly and clearly excessive moisture causes a change in the physical properties of the soil. There are changes of the structural state, bulk density and amount of water-stable aggregates. The significant change is the transformation of soil organic matter. There is increasing of total humus content. In a group composition, the fraction of humic and fulvic acids increases the share. The humus profile is stretched. In the majority of cases in investigated soils was diagnosed secondary salinization. The periodic waterlogging of the soil also contributes to the change in the amount of soil carbonates and their distribution in the profile. Chernozems gradually lose calcium, the main structurant and humates maker. Among the most studied soil of Zernogradsky region in the cationic part of the prevailing spot goes sodium. In addition, the narrowing ratio of calcium to magnesium was observed. That is the hallmark of the aqueous extract of locally overmoistening soils
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Description
The purpose of research – the development of models and methods of multiparametrical diagnostic the research activities of scientific and pedagogical collectives of educational institutions. The problematics of research is improving the quality and productivity (the efficiency) of research activities in educational institutions. The problem of research is the question of how to objectively and comprehensively (in a complex) diagnose the research activities of scientific and pedagogical collectives? The urgency of solving specified problem is caused by the need to ensuring a close relationship between research, methodological and educational activities in educational institutions. We have also to consider the increasing role of clusters in the Russian economy, cooperation and integration levels (steps) a system of continuous education, etc. The authors identified the parameters reflecting significance of research activities of the scientific and the pedagogical collectives for the scientific and educational community (social megaenvironmental). When allocating indicators the authors took into account that science - the social and cultural phenomenon and the social institution, and the most important aspect of the significance of the research activity - in the innovative development of various spheres of human activity. The applied methods of research: mathematical modeling; methods of the theory of graphs, sets and relations; methods of "artificial intelligence" and the multi-parameter analysis of systems; methods of quality control (theory of latent variables). Methodological bases of research: systemic, cultural, competence, metasystem, sociological, qualimetric and synergetic approaches
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Description
The article represents an author's look how character and sources of threats to national interests of Russia from the world financial market have changed in new geoeconomical and geopolitical conditions. The main objective of research is, on the one hand, justification of methodological approach to studying of influence of the world financial market on finance and economic system of the state. The second subtask is studying the new threats to national economy caused by the external economic and foreign policy instability. For achievement of the specified tasks authors investigated the scientific approaches to definition of "economic security" presented in works of the Russian and foreign scientists. It allowed to prove their own interpretation of this category, and to formulate why there are different approaches to definition of "economic security". The authors offer the system called "economic security – the financial market". It is presented in the form of the flowchart opening elements of this system. On a plan of authors, it has to serve as methodological basis when the analysis of character, the directions and extents of influence of changes of the world financial market on economic security of the state is carried out. As an illustration of this theoretical position, there is an assessment of external threats to Russia's national interests related to political events and economic transformation in 2014-2015
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Description
The article discusses the importance of extra capital to ensure the effective development of both a single economic entity, and society as a whole. The authors analyze the process of formation and development of information society in the world and in Russia in particular. We have studied various scientific approaches to the definition of the modern paradigm of human development and defined the individual characteristics which, in the authors' opinion, are peculiar to the information society. The article analyzes the importance of innovation and investment in knowledge and information for the development of the Russian Federation of a modern market economy and a high level of well-being of each individual citizen and society as a whole. The dynamics of information and communication component of modern Russia, in the context of households and the productive sector has been studied. The criteria of investment attractiveness of the economic entity have been substantiated. We have studied the dynamics of the financial and economic results of the investigated economic entity - the Krasnodar branch of Soyuzmorgeo company. The article identifies the problems impeding the development of effective study of the organization. The authors have performed the analysis of the investment attractiveness of the Krasnodar branch of «Soyuzmorgeo» and recommended basic perspective directions of increasing its investment attractiveness
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ECONOMICS OF OPERATION AND STATE REGULATION DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL AGRICULTURE
DescriptionThe article considers current economic situation in the economy of the Krasnodar region, the importance of import substitution in the future functioning and regulation of regional development of agro-industrial complex. The positive impact on the agricultural economy, double sided grocery sanctions, the leadership of the rural economy of the region with annual growth of GDP of 9.2% (in Russia – 4,5%) is pointed. The article shows that the growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators in the industry was provided with additional targeted investment to increase profitability of crop production to 44%. The advantages of big business that produces mostly grains are pointed out, because this factor will continue to determine the vector of development of agriculture. A big positive point of the livestock industry is the growth of profitability of milk production to 37%. At the same time, cattle breeding with the margin of 19.7% is still highly problematic on observance of technological discipline. Production of cattle meat remains unprofitable. A significant segment of production in farming is still taken by small farms. In 2014 the government regulated their development supporting them with money in the amount of more than 700 million RUB . The author believes to keep further growth of the livestock on it is necessary to stabilize the number of livestock, especially dairy cattle, to restore the production of pork, to continue the construction and reconstruction of farms and complexes, to provide animals with high quality food. The author also stresses the importance of development of business of rice growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing, the importance of updating and development of material and technical base. The work provides the data that at the expense of state regulation (support) profitability of agriculture in the region has grown by an additional 7%, so it creates new opportunities for growth of the agricultural economy of our region
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ACREAGE AND YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY IN THE MAJOR REGIONS OF GROWING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents a comparative analysis of national economic importance of winter barley in relation to other crops. The advantages of winter barley in a number of factors have been observed. The information about acreage under crop and gross yield of this crop is presented in an article in the form of tables. The authors have studied such important factors as a dynamics of acreage of crop yield in the main regions of cultivation. Against the overall negative dynamics of sown areas, they noted a clear increase in 2013. An analysis of grain yield of winter barley in the main regions of cultivation by year has been presented graphically. Special attention was paid to the Southern Federal District and the Krasnodar Territory in particular as a major producer of grain of winter barley. The analysis of yields in the major regions of cultivation of winter barley showed a clear advantage of the Krasnodar region. The index of the average grain yield of winter barley cultivation in this region for the period from 2003 to 2008 has been shown. Moreover, the article has presented the role of sorts in increasing the yield grade. We have also highlighted the issue of selection of winter barley in our country. The desirability of increasing the production of winter barley in the Russian Federation has been noted as well