№ 121(7), September, 2016
Public date: 30.09.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 138, 339 kb
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe purpose of the research is to compare the effect of a new symbiotic feed supplement created based on propionic and lactic acid bacteria with a widely used domestic and foreign enzyme-probiotic preparations in chickens 0-28 days of age of the Lohmann Brown egg cross. In the experiment, there were six groups of chickens: group 1 received basal diet (BD); group 2 – BD + symbiotic preparation; group 3 – BD + Bacell; group 4 – BD + Agrocell; group 5 – BD + Agroksil; group 6 – BD + Ollzaym Vegpro. Average daily gain, food conversion rate per 1g of weight gain, digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, made up respectively: group 1 – 8.17, 1.91, 71.4, 58.3, 68.0, 81.1; group 2 ˗ 8.36, 1.90, 72.4, 60.2, 69.7, 88.1; group 3 – 8.13, 1.91, 73.1, 60.2, 69.7, 88.1; group 4 – 8.33, 1.86, 74.2, 62.5, 72.2, 87.6; group 5 – 8.50, 1.83, 77.3, 64.1, 73.4, 95.4; group 6 – 7.91, 1.92, 73.2, 67.5, 70.7, 94.3. The growth rate of chickens fed with symbiotic feed supplement was 2.3% higher than in the control and they showed the highest fiber digestibility. The chickens on diet with Agroksil enzyme efficiently raised growth rate (+4%) and reduced feed costs (-4.2%). Agrocell increased weight gain by 2% and reduce feed costs by 2.6%. The growth rate of chickens fed Ollazaym Vegpro was the lowest (96.8% of control), despite the fact that it increased significantly the digestibility of crude protein, but slightly improved the digestibility of other nutrients. Outcome: symbiotic feed supplement may be of interest as a means of increasing the productivity of chickens
-
STUDYING CONFORMATIONAL REARRANGEMENTS OF PROTEIN WHEN DRYING
DescriptionThe article gives a review and the experimental data on the nutritional value of eggs protein comprising protein, carbohydrates, minerals and amino acids. Metabolism, the structure and function of each cell, as well as external and internal protective functions are defined by proteins. We consider the study of functions of trace elements found in significant numbers in the eggs, which contribute to health: vitamin D, vitamin B12, choline, folic acid, selenium, lutein and zeaxanthin. The high content of egg protein contributes to greater satiety, weight loss and eye health. We present experimental data on the amino acid composition of the protein and experiments of drying a cooked egg white, placed in a Petri dish. After 10 minutes of drying, the weight of the protein did not change and amounted to 0.1 g, which is 16% of the weight of the original white protein. The photo shows that the protein is lost during drying white and became transparent, and protein grains look like "melted" and partially connected with each other. The data obtained can be used for understanding the operation of the biological process of protein in vivo
-
Description
The article presents results of design development and calculation methodology for corn harvesters stalks shearing mechanism constructed as a module with a storage device. According to the number of engagement rows, these modules are mounted on the sweep frame of corn harvesters. All modules have the ability to accumulate energy, the rotation of saws in which at each time point does not depend on saws rotation in other modules and they are not connected with each other and with other mechanisms. Constructive execution of corn stalks shearing mechanism with accumulation device allows rapid separation of each module from the frame of the corn harvester in order to eliminate possible problems (change of saw or the entire module assembly). The methods of the energy storage calculation and electric motor power selection for each module are presented
-
CURRENT METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF INTEGRATED CORPORATE STRUCTURES
DescriptionThe article summarizes the results of a study devoted to the solution of actual problems of management of corporate integrated structures. Among the significant scientific results are presented: methods of evaluating the development of corporate integrated structures of the agro-industrial sector operating in the absence of a legislative base; substantiation of actual problems of management of corporate integrated structures on the example of a typical representative of this sector of the economy and developed a multi-tasking method of system analysis, directions for solving the identified problems; methods and models of design of control system corporate integrated structures and alternative options for organizational structures, their evaluation based on the use of methods of mass service theory and the choice of variant by criterion the average time of document management system; developed the organizational-economic mechanism of strategic planning and a set of interrelated models obtained using the method of systemic-cognitive analysis, which allows on the basis of the accumulated information on the activities of the organizations included in the corporate integrated structures to obtain the predicted values of the system indices when setting the target value of one of them; methods of control of the chain of value creation, allows us to develop structures of integrated systems with allocation in them of financial and material flows, and improved models for assessing effectiveness and calculating the parameters of technologically complete industrial chain and optimization model of the volume of material flow
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFor the purpose of preservation of soil fertility at relatively low economic expenses, we have conducted researches on optimization of doses and combinations of mineral fertilizers by cultivation of field corn hybrid called "Krasnodar 382" in a stationary field experiment of the Department of agrochemistry in the training farm "Kuban", in the conditions of the leached chernozem of Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The main impact on receiving high-quality corn gives the content of plant nutrients in soil. Our researches showed that the application of the complete fertilizer in various doses has had influence on the content of essential plant nutrients in the soil. The maximal values of the content of mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium during all phases of vegetation have been got in options with double N60P60K40 and triple N90P90K60 dose of the complete fertilizer. Sufficient supplying the soil with plant nutrients by fertilizing has entailed the enhance of corn yield. Great crop of corn has been reaped during the experiment. After three years of researches, the productivity has reached averaged 58,7 cwt/hectare. The greatest productivity has been received in the option with application of triple and double dose of the complete fertilizer and amounted 68,5 and 68,0 cwt/hectare, what is 47% and 45,9% more, compared to the option without any application of fertilizers. The main substance, which defines nutritional value of corn, is proteins. Application of fertilizers under the conditions of our experiment has promoted enhancing the protein content in corn. The application of mineral fertilizers has promoted increase of the content of crude protein in corn. Maximal it was in option with application of the complete mineral fertilizer in the double dose of N60P60K40 – 9.6%, when reaped protein has amounted 6,5 cwt/hectare. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that it is most expedient to fertilize field corn with the dose of N60P60K40 and N90P90K60
-
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF VERTICAL COOPERATION IN SMALL AGRARIAN FARMING
DescriptionAvailability of cooperation in the field of processing, storing, crediting and selling channels is the key to further successful development of subjects of small agrarian farms. It is shown, that modern cooperation allows creating 1-st level agricultural consumer cooperatives at the district level. Based on the region level, the 2-nd level Unions of cooperatives are being formed. The 3-rd level cooperatives may also appear on the Federal level or the level of Federal districts. The authors give the dynamics of financing of regional target programs of development of agricultural credit and sales cooperation in the Krasnodar region. Today, the province operates a two-level system of consumer agricultural cooperatives with the regional Guarantee Fund, which is supporting their development. The main aim of the Guarantee Fund is to ensure access of small farms to financial and material resources. For the 1-st level cooperatives, the Fund provides the possibility of further development and allows adding on 1 ruble of budget support additionally 9.1 credit ruble. Analysis of economic activity of subjects of small farming has showed that improving of the availability and timeliness of accessing loans from agricultural credit consumer cooperatives for the purpose of production of gross amounts volume and production profitability of agricultural products. Moreover, the development of the practice of multi-level cooperation as condition is to improve the functioning of small agricultural farms, their credit new loan program and product distribution are illustrated
-
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe influence of dissociation / recombination of water molecules is important for understanding electroconvection processes, as some authors believe that the emergence of new carriers + H and − OH , and can lead to a reduction in the space-charge and, consequently, to electroconvection disappearance. However, as shown in [5], the dissociation of water molecules, although it reduces the space charge and increases the threshold fall potential jump at which begins electroconvection, yet it persists and effectively mixes the solution. This article is devoted to mathematical modeling of electrodiffusion of four types of ions at the same time (two salt ions as well as + H and − OH ions) in the diffusion layer in electromembrane systems with perfectly selective membrane under the joint influence of violation of electrical neutrality, and the reaction of dissociation / recombination of water molecules, development of mathematical models of these processes, building efficient algorithms asymptotic and numerical analysis for different types of electrolytes. The work proposes a new mathematical model of the process of transfer of salt ions in view of the space charge and the dissociation / recombination of water in the form of a boundary value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. This system is reduced to a form convenient for numerical solution. We have calculated the required additional boundary conditions for the electric field. Numerical and asymptotic solution of the boundary value problem and physico-chemical analysis of the influence of dissociation / recombination on the transfer of salt ions is expected to devote the next part of the work
-
Description
The article presents the comparative characteristics of the current (diffusion) and developed (diffusion-press) sucrose extraction technology from sugar beet cossettes. We have presented the graphs of the influence of raw juice pumping value on its cleanliness and residual content of sucrose in partially desugared beet cossetes, the influence of partially desugared beet cossetes pressing power on residual content of sucrose in the pressed pulp and losses of sucrose with pressed pulp and also the technological scheme and regimes of diffusion-press extraction of sucrose from sugar beet cossettes. The criteria for determining the boundary parameters of diffusion and press sucrose extraction stages are identified. The comparative assessment of technological and economic indicators of the existing and the developed technologies of sucrose extraction from the beet cossettes is shown. The developed technology allows reducing raw juice pumping value simultaneously increasing its purity, thereby providing reduction of auxiliary materials and energy resources consumption, as well as increasing sugar yield. The technology of diffusion-press extraction of sucrose is implemented on 2 sugar beet factories of the Russian Federation. The economic effect from its implementation is more than 45 mln. rubles
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of wintering buds of the group of technical grape varieties with white berries - White Muscat; Pinot White, Chardonnay, Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha; Riesling, Viorica, Riton, Crystal in the conditions of Anapa-Taman zone. There were revealed the rates of embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of buds of studied cultivars and fruiting indices of vegetative shoots developed from them. In all studied grape varieties there was revealed a high percentage of fruitful buds from 84,1 in the variety of Riton at 97.2 at Viorica; and the percentage of fertile vegetative shoots from 81,8 at the variety Citron Magaracha to 97.2 in the variety White Muscat. At the leveled load of bushes, vegetative shoots and the same scheme of planting of bushes (3 x 2 m), the highest yield in terms per hectare showed the varieties Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica, Riton, Crystal, Riesling and Citron Magarach. When assessing the economic efficiency the highest net income and level of profitability were identified in the varieties of Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica and Riton. In order to determine which buds will give us shoots with large, well-developed (well-differentiated) buds, and which will not give (weakly differentiated), it is necessary "to look inside a bud". But even already formed germs of inflorescences in the bud are able in a few days in spring or dedifferentiate or degrade depending on the influence of external conditions. Scientists have learned to use this ability to increase the maximum possible yield in years of severe damage of grape by frosts. Firstly, in frosty winters the central buds wither out. The replacing buds usually have poor fruiting and bad productivity during years. In such cases, it is more profitable to conduct a small cutting of angle buds arranged in a circle at the base of a shoot. At the beginning of the second vegetation phase, these buds will obtain the great bulk plastic substances, which will cause the dedifferentiation of rudiments of inflorescences in them. Thus, it is possible not only to restore rapidly the normal shape of a bush, but to obtain a good harvest this year
-
METHOD OF INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BROILER CHICKENS THROUGH THE USE OF FUNCTIONAL ADDITIVE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the experimental work, we studied the effect of the inulin prebiotic on the growth, development and efficiency of growing broiler chickens of the Isa cross. In accordance with the scheme of the experiment, the first control group was fed a complete feed (CF) by periods of growth. In the second group, inulin was added to the CF for the first 21 days of growth. In the third group prebiotic was added to the CF at the same rate throughout the whole period of rearing the chicks (42 days). In the second and third groups, we found the tendency to increase the intensity of growth rate in poultry by 1.6 and 3.0%, respectively, compared with the control. Feed costs for weight gain were decreased by 2.1-2.7%. In the chime of the blind processes of the intestine of the chickens of 2-3 experimental groups it was found the reduction of staphylococci and enterococci CFU, while similar to the control group lactobacilli CFU. The muscle tissue in the chickens of experimental groups had greater protein content. The optimal range of indicators is the use of inulin for the first 21 days of rearing poultry. Because of the production audit, an increase in live weight of chickens was found, in the experimental group by 2.7% (p ≤ 0.05), a decrease of feed costs by 7.5%, increase of the survival rate of poultry by 2.0% and profitability by 3.1%