№ 131(7), September, 2017
Public date: 29.09.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 124, 307 kb
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IMPROVING THE CLEANING PROCESS OF SEEDS MATERIAL ON AIR-SIEVE GRAIN CLEANING MACHINES
DescriptionThe article presents the theoretical and experimental research of the guide wire, made of polytetrafluorethylene, for sieve system of air grain cleaning machines. We have calculated trajectory of movements of the components of piles of sunflower seeds in the vertical pneumatic channel when they are vanishing from the surface of the guide wire at its various parameters. Specifying the location of a guide wire polytetrafluorethylene in air-sieve grain cleaning machine was carried out in an experimental setup. The guide wire of polytetrafluorethylene was installed in three locations: 1) at a distance of 20 mm to the pneumatic channel; 2) on the levels with the pneumatic channel; 3) at a distance of 20 mm inside pneumatic channel. The approach of the guide wire into the inside of the pneumatic channel in the experimental setup the quality of sunflower seeds increased with 97.61 to of 99.08 %. The content of organic impurities, milled and broken seeds in the pile decreased respectively from 1.83 to 0.21 %, to 1.29 0.66 % 0.51% to 0.25% in the manufacture of wire made of polytetrafluorethylene. To increase the purity of the seeds of the main culture we use a photoelectron separator, and the received seeds for animal feed were in the form of sunflower cake produced on screw presses. As a result of carried out experimental and theoretical researches it is established, that the guide wire shall be made of polytetrafluorethylene and are placed inside the pneumatic channel at a distance of 20 mm and an angle of 40°, which allows to improve the quality of the seeds material and increase the speed of their input to pneumatic channel air-sieve grain cleaning machines type MVU-1500
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MPROVING THE TRAINING OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES
DescriptionThe article analyzes the stages of formation of Institute of state and municipal service in the Russian state. The analysis of the problems has identified in the process of implementation of this institution and the direct correlation of the level of professional training of employees and quality of the implementing service. We consequently suggest ways to improve the training of state and municipal employees
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn order to find compounds that increase sugar beet resistance to the adverse effects of herbicides, a series of naphthalenesulfonamides derivatives have been synthesized. The protective effect of new compounds for the herbicide mixture Betanal, Lontrel and Super Zeleke was studied in field conditions. The effect of pyridylhydrazones on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in leaves was investigated. Substances with a high protective effect were found
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SEGREGATION OF THE PLANT HEIGHT AT INTERSUBSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE SECOND GENERATION RICE
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the genetic analysis of the trait ‘plant height’ for six crosses involving the forms related to different subspecies of rice. There have been estimated the types of inheritance and a number of genes, which assist to determine this quantitative trait. We have found out that the variance of the trait ‘plant height’ is determined by 3-5 pairs of genes having additive and dominant activities and the degree of dominance reduces in case the variance among parental forms increases. The non-allelic interaction of the genes of the initial forms produces transgressive dwarf and tall forms. The cross ‘Lampo’x’Virazh’ showed the highest degree of transgression in ‘plant height’ due to short height of both parental forms (61.7%), but the frequency of transgression was larger than that of the cross ‘Lampo’x’Komandor’(17.6%). This combination (‘Lampo’x’Komandor’) produced more tall forms (up to 135 cm). The segregation of a great number of tall forms into F2 testifies that the parental forms of these hybrids vary in the allelic state of several pairs of genes, whose various combinations form phenotypes with a longer stem. Thus, the semi-dwarf feature of the varieties ‘Lampo’, ‘Komandor’ and ‘Virazh’ is determined by various non-allelic genes
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe purpose of the study was to examine a century of experience of growing of forest cultures of the Siberian stone pine in forest conditions in the region of the Middle Volga. To achieve these objectives, we have investigated old growth culture of Siberian stone pine in the conditions of fresh oak forests in the territory of Rootka forestry of the Mari El Republic. Culture of Siberian stone pine was planted after continuous tillage. The distance between rows was 2,5 m, step landing – 1,0 m. The site was divided into five options, depending on variations in the width of planting strip (I-48 m, II-44 m, in III-40 m, IV - 36 m, V - 32 m). The studies have shown that the Siberian stone pine trees, regardless of the variant, are characterized by good clean ability from twigs, which increases with decreasing of the width of the curtain. It can be noted that in the 100-year-old age, the average height of trees reaches of 28,7 m, an average diameter of 49,8 cm. Stock of forest reaches 795,3 m3 /ha. Best annual increase is observed in growing cultures of cedar in the wings with a width of 40 m and is 7,95-of 7,93 m3 /ha. Based оn the research, we have concluded that Siberian stone pine should be recommended for introduction into the zone of coniferous-broadleaved forests of the Middle Volga region. When creating crops, it is necessary to use larger seedlings and plant density is not more than 1,0 thousand pieces/ha, and the width of the planting strip shall be not less than 40,0 m.
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ROLE OF ALIMENTARY FIBERS IN TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF THE OBESITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionExcess body weight is a serious problem, involving a set of diseases presently. For this reason, taking into account demands of science there was a development of production of food with the lowered energy value for the people having first of all obesity that led to production of substitutes. Even more often producers resort to use of nutritional supplements, which generally receive in synthetic way. In this article, we analyzed multiple references and summarized the material regarding beet fibers. As a result of numerous researches it has been proved that food fibers make favorable impact both on the separate systems of a human body, and on all organism. The use of the minor products of processing of the plant raw material is also critical; they allow improving the preventive properties of products and enriching them with dietary fibers, protein, and mineral elements and also development of food development of curative and preventive action. Citri-Fi food fibers which are received from dried-up orange pulp are well-known, they can keep a large amount of water throughout technological process. They exert positive impact on structure of fat that gives the chance to create a product with the lowered content of fat
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIntensification of agriculture during the twentieth century was accompanied by an increase in international trade, resulting in the resettlement of many species across continents. As a result of these processes, many adventives species have become economically significant and dangerous plants in agro and urban biosensors. One such plant is Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., imported from North America to Russia. The use of chemical means of suppression of A. artemisiifolia L. often does not give positive results in agrocenoses, because of its biomorphological features. In urban areas, within the boundaries of sanitary zones, the use of chemicals is prohibited. Therefore, the most promising direction in the suppression of ragweed ambrosia is the ecologies method. The article discusses the possibility of using an ambrosia leaf beetle in the feeding of ragweed in the territory of Russia
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SOLUTION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM FOR ELASTIC-DAMPING MECHANISM PARAMETERS IN PLOWING MODE
DescriptionThe article is devoted to finding of the optimum parameters for elastically damping mechanism (EDM) which is located in transmission of machine-tractor unit (MTU). The investigated MTU is based on the tractor of 1.4 class in plowing mode. EDM is designed for MTU in order to make its’ start smoothly, to reduce the dynamic load in transmission, to protect engine from the external load vibration. The “transmittance level” (index T) is used as evaluation of the protective mechanism quality. The study was carried out by means of the experiment planning method, viz. the central composition plan of second order with five factors. A regression model for response function (“transmittance level”) is given. This model takes into account the chosen EDM characteristics. The statistical analysis methods (Student’s t-test, Fisher’s test) were used to study the regression model. The dependence of response function on each factor apart, their cross impact on the process are described. The system of partial differential equations is obtained to find the optimal values of parameters and response function. The optimal value of a “transmittance level” can be obtained by varying different EDM parameter values. Optimal values of parameters and as result - response function - allow improving of MTU functioning in plowing mode
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Description
The article deals with the formation of the didactic competence of students at a pedagogical university in the process of independent work. This article describes some results of an empirical study on the formation of the didactic competence of students at a pedagogical university in the process of independent work
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RESULTS OF FEIJOA HYBRIDIZATION IN THE HUMID SUBTROPICS OF KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFeijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental value and long profitable period). These fruits have delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple flavor and contain significant quantities of important substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%), sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids, mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids originated from free pollination, and characterized by a great variety in biological and morphological traits, differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using classical and modern breeding methods and available genetic resources for commercial gardening and production. Development of the core hybrid diversity material and selection of promising forms are the most important stages of the breeding process, providing success of further breeding programs. The breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was carried out according to the principle of combining the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations ('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba', 'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya', 'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium - 1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 - 68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba' x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%) and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).