№ 147(3), March, 2019
Public date: 29.03.2019
Archive of journal: Articles count 13, 41 kb
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COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DI-AGNOSTIC LABORATORY TESTS FOR THE VIRUS PERITONITIS OF CATS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThis article is devoted to the study of various laboratory tests for the diagnosis of viral peritonitis of cats, conducted in 2014-2018. The study was subjected to 278 cats of both sexes, different breeds and mongrel, of different ages, which were taken to the veterinary clinic «Vita» and the veterinary clinic «Noah's Ark» in Krasnodar. Analysis of the results showed that in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of viral peritonitis of cats, the most resultant is a combination of studies of Globulin in serum and a test for antibodies to coronavirus, or a solid enzyme immunoassay (tIFA) on IgG to coronavirus. In addition to clinical symptoms, routine laboratory studies, instrumental studies for the diagnosis of viral cat peritonitis, it is necessary to use additional research methods, although many of them have a number of shortcomings in sensitivity and specificity
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RICE VARIETY CALLED LEADER: BIOLOGI-CAL BASIS OF AGROTECHNICAL ELEMENTS
DescriptionRussian rice variety called Leader is widely cultivated in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. Elite seeds of the variety are produced in the Krasnodar region. Leader possesses field resistance to blast disease. One of the mechanisms for the formation of rice plant resistance to the causative agent of the fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cav is an increased accumulation of silicon (SiO2). Biochemistry studies have shown that pathogen-resistant varieties accumulate up to 19% silicon in flowering scales, and susceptible - less than 14%. The article presents the study materials of rice plants of the rice variety Leader with sowing rates of 700 and 350 seeds per m2 in the field trials. As a result, a correlation has been established between the plant density of the rice variety Leader, the silica content in the flowering scales of the kernels and the damage to the plants by blast disease. Shoots of rice were obtained when wet, so field germination reached 69-70%. In the first variant, the number of sprouting exceeded 490 pcs/m2 with single-stem plants having poorly developed panicles and partially infected by P. oryzae. The yield of rice was 5.75 t/ha. In the second variant, the density of seedlings was 244 pcs/m2. The plants were well developed, they formed 2 and more shoots at tillering and had large panicles without signs of disease. The yield was 8.10 t/ha. Biochemical analysis showed that in the first variant, the flower scales of single-stem plants contained 13.8% SiO2, and in the second 19.5%. The conclusion was made that for such varieties as Leader, the high density of plant stand is unacceptable. Under conditions of increased competition, rice plants form a weak root system, accumulate little silicon, and therefore can be affected by blast disease. When studying the reaction of the plants of rice variety Leader to different levels of mineral nutrition, it has been defined that the optimal development of plants occurs at the plant density of 240-250 pcs/m2 and the level of mineral nutrition N120P100K50
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Description
The purpose of the article is to use automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) to study the impact of agrotechnological factors on the yield and quality of wheat and the use of the created models to solve the problems of forecasting, decision support and research of the simulated domain through the study of its model. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set and solved, obtained by decomposition of the goal and are the stages of its achievement: Task 1: to formulate the idea and concept of solving the problem; Task 2: to justify the choice of method and tool for solving the problem; Task 3: to apply the selected method and tool to achieve this goal: cognitive structuring of the subject area; formalization of the subject area; synthesis and verification of the model; improving the quality of the model and the choice of the most reliable model; solution in the most reliable model of diagnostic problems (classification, recognition, identification), decision support and research of the simulated subject area by studying its model. Task 4: describe the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Task 5: to consider the limitations and shortcomings of the proposed solution to the problem and the prospects for its development by overcoming these limitations and shortcomings. A detailed numerical example of solving the problems based on 217 real examples of wheat cultivation in the fields of the Krasnodar region is given. For readers, it is possible to download this numerical example and install it on your computer to study
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Description
In Reineke Island (Primorskii Krai, Vladivostok, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) alien species for Russia’s Far East Centaurea jacea L. (Asteraсеае) were first discovered in the 1980th in a small amount. Now, 40 years later distribution of C. jacea is limited to small sites of secondary grass meadows and disturbed habitats of roadsides unpaved roads for approximately 0.03% of the island; the level of its invasive activity is low; C. jacea threats currently is not for the biodiversity of plant community and forage value of meadows
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Description
As a result of the researching of anthropogenic influence on the agricultural landscape of Public Corporation "Agrofirma "Niva" from human economic activities with are related to: the pesticides and mineral fertilizers using; the work of agricultural machinery, and the movement of vehicles on the highway. The experimental material on the formation of dust masses and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. On the researching territory was found out three times excess of zinc MPC* (23 mg/kg, including background) and four times more of lead MPC (6,0 mg/kg, including background) *maximum permissible concentration
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FEATURES OF THE ECOLOGY OF DRAINED SOILS OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC USE
DescriptionSlicesize soil is a kind of degradation of its changes. They are characterized by high density, hardness and other characteristics that reduce their effective fertility. Many authors have noted the progression of the process of fusion, which is associated with global warming, with over – compaction due to the unjustifiably frequent use of heavy equipment, irrigation-that is, with the direct impact of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the pedosphere. Economic use – the strongest anthropogenic factor capable to bring the debugged mechanism of functioning of system out of action if not to observe scientifically-proved rules of agrotechnics. As a result of such intervention, the ecosystem is unable to independently neutralize negative deviations (consequences of anthropogenic impact) from the natural course of the processes of exchange of matter and energy. Therefore, the structure of agrocenoses should be as close as possible to the structure of natural biocenoses, namely: as fertilizers use more organic (manure, green fertilizers); to minimize the mechanical impact on the soil during its processing; to avoid such irrigation regime, which involves excessive soil moisture and its complete drying
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the research on modeling of working bodies of agricultural equipment by methods of engineering geometry and computer graphics. The design and the principle of operation of the equipment on the basis of working bodies in the form of screw drums is shown on the example of a device for the preparation of concentrated feed
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METHODS AND RESULTS OF THE SEED MATERIAL FRICTION COEFFICIENT DETERMINING USING AN AUTOMATED DEVICE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article describes the automated method of friction coefficient determination of row crops seeds using different types of surface, including modern polymer and composite materials. It is revealed that the friction coefficient characterizes the friction properties of seeds arising in the process of mechanical action during harvesting, transportation, storage and processing, as well as changes over time depending on the state of the surfaces, contact time, humidity, relative velocity and other parameters. The problem of lack of friction coefficients values for rest and dynamic friction coefficients for the polymeric and composite materials which are actively applied today at industrial production of agricultural machinery is designated. The design and general view of the device which helps to determine friction coefficient excluding the human factor (operator error) are presented. The operation principle of the developed device is described and the processing method of experimental data is given. Experimental data were obtained and statistical processing was carried out to identify the static and dynamic friction coefficients of seeds. Integral ( ) and differential ( ) graph for the distribution of friction coefficient average values for pairs "type of seed material – type of friction surface" are constructed
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MAGNETIC PROFILES OF KUBAN SOILS OF VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL USE
DescriptionThe article discusses the change in the magnetic properties of soils of different agricultural use, depending on the conditions of soil formation. The objects of study are leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasia, meadow chernozem and meadow bog soils of rice agrolandscapes. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of hydromorphism, the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil decreases. The leached chernozem has the highest magnetization of the profile. In soils formed under the influence of hydromorphic soil formation, magnetic susceptibility is reduced by 3.0-3.5 times in rainfed conditions and deposits, and by 6.0-12.0 times in soils of rice agrocenoses
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INFLUENCE OF PREDECESSORS AND TECH-NOLOGIES OF PROCESSING ON DEVELOP-MENT OF WEEDS
DescriptionIssues related to the contamination of crops are topical and very relevant. All this fully applies to the main crop produced in the South of Russia – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results of studies of the influence of predecessors and tillage technologies on the development of weeds in the cultivation of winter wheat are relevant. Experimental studies were carried out in conditions of many years of experience located in the FEDERAL state scientific institution «ANTS «Donskoy». The influence of different methods of sowing (ordinary, scattered, belt) and technologies of tillage (dumping, non-dumping, surface, small) on infestation of winter wheat is considered. It is established that the least amount of weed plants is provided at scattered sowing on the background of deep tillage. The main treatment at a depth of 18-20 cm reduces the number of weeds by 47% in comparison with the surface (8-10 cm), and the scattered sowing reduces their number by 80%, since weeds are in more severe conditions compared to winter wheat, the rapid development of which contributes to the optimal nutrition area. Of the predecessors, the most acceptable is the steam with the number of weeds 7-25 PCs / m2, which is several times less than after peas, or corn after silage