№ 147(3), March, 2019
Public date: 29.03.2019
Archive of journal: Articles count 13, 41 kb
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INFLUENCE OF PREDECESSORS AND TECH-NOLOGIES OF PROCESSING ON DEVELOP-MENT OF WEEDS
DescriptionIssues related to the contamination of crops are topical and very relevant. All this fully applies to the main crop produced in the South of Russia – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results of studies of the influence of predecessors and tillage technologies on the development of weeds in the cultivation of winter wheat are relevant. Experimental studies were carried out in conditions of many years of experience located in the FEDERAL state scientific institution «ANTS «Donskoy». The influence of different methods of sowing (ordinary, scattered, belt) and technologies of tillage (dumping, non-dumping, surface, small) on infestation of winter wheat is considered. It is established that the least amount of weed plants is provided at scattered sowing on the background of deep tillage. The main treatment at a depth of 18-20 cm reduces the number of weeds by 47% in comparison with the surface (8-10 cm), and the scattered sowing reduces their number by 80%, since weeds are in more severe conditions compared to winter wheat, the rapid development of which contributes to the optimal nutrition area. Of the predecessors, the most acceptable is the steam with the number of weeds 7-25 PCs / m2, which is several times less than after peas, or corn after silage
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FEATURES OF THE ECOLOGY OF DRAINED SOILS OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC USE
DescriptionSlicesize soil is a kind of degradation of its changes. They are characterized by high density, hardness and other characteristics that reduce their effective fertility. Many authors have noted the progression of the process of fusion, which is associated with global warming, with over – compaction due to the unjustifiably frequent use of heavy equipment, irrigation-that is, with the direct impact of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the pedosphere. Economic use – the strongest anthropogenic factor capable to bring the debugged mechanism of functioning of system out of action if not to observe scientifically-proved rules of agrotechnics. As a result of such intervention, the ecosystem is unable to independently neutralize negative deviations (consequences of anthropogenic impact) from the natural course of the processes of exchange of matter and energy. Therefore, the structure of agrocenoses should be as close as possible to the structure of natural biocenoses, namely: as fertilizers use more organic (manure, green fertilizers); to minimize the mechanical impact on the soil during its processing; to avoid such irrigation regime, which involves excessive soil moisture and its complete drying
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Description
As a result of the researching of anthropogenic influence on the agricultural landscape of Public Corporation "Agrofirma "Niva" from human economic activities with are related to: the pesticides and mineral fertilizers using; the work of agricultural machinery, and the movement of vehicles on the highway. The experimental material on the formation of dust masses and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. On the researching territory was found out three times excess of zinc MPC* (23 mg/kg, including background) and four times more of lead MPC (6,0 mg/kg, including background) *maximum permissible concentration