Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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HISTORICAL TENDENCIES OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
DescriptionIn this work, prerequisites of processes of globalization of economies which source, according to authors, is the scientific and technological revolution of the XVIIIXIX century of century are considered. Dissemination of new technologies led to the international labor division, and emergence of information technologies promoted to increase in speed of communications, deleting of economic borders between the countries. A specific place in processes of globalization is held by space technologies by means of which there was a possibility of exchange of information between various consumers and the companies, which are in the different countries and continents. Based on the carriedout analysis, it is revealed that in the conditions of globalization pressure of group of industrially developed countries upon the rest of the world for the purpose of imposing of a certain model of their existence by the rest amplifies. The tool in competition are new technologies which help to drive the national companies out of the local markets. A special role in the course of globalization is played by information and space technologies of communication and broadcasting. Only competitive hi-tech productions focused on perspective technological ways can resist to influence of the international corporations. According to authors, distribution of innovative technologies has to contribute to the uniform development of all countries, formation of the multipolar world, the excluding domination of any country or the international group
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MODELLING OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ROCKET-SPACE COMPLEX COMPANIES
DescriptionMathematical modeling is one of the leading places among methods of research of economic systems and processes. The article considers the main management problem of the rocket-space complex in modern conditions and gives a brief description of this problem in conjunction with the tasks of innovative modernization and financial sustainability of enterprises of the complex. We have considered a common situation where the enterprises of the rocket-space complex in implementation of its development is carrying out an investment project, the financing of which is taken from a loan. It is proved that the implementation of this project can be appropriate, if as a result of the implementation the net present value of the enterprise increases. We have developed a model, which provides optimization of financial providing of high-tech enterprises of the rocket-space complex in the implementation of their modernization project taking into account the specifics of the use of own and borrowed funds
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PRODUCTION RISKS AND ECONOMIC HAZARDS OF MODERN HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES
DescriptionThe article shows that when the plans for the creation and production of modern high-tech innovative products for different purposes it is necessary to consider all possible risks and dangers that accompany modern innovative projects. New approaches to the planning of the development of science-intensive industries should ensure that the accounting and the management of risk situations of the financialeconomic, scientific-technical and industrialtechnological character. One of the promising directions of the domestic output of the industrial complex from its current unstable state is a strategic planning and forecasting of its activity, the development strategies should be based on an evaluation of available enterprise resources, the lack of which leads to stagnation. With active government support the company can successfully implement a strategy of stabilization and progress through cooperation and diversification of production and to make a technological breakthrough in creating high-tech products of new generation
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Description
The article describes disadvantages of existing onecriterion methodologies: only the monetary effect of outsourced process is considered, the analysis of all possible positive and negative consequences of outsourcing is not taken into account. It outlines the main difficulties of multi-criteria approaches for decision making about outsourcing, related to the fact that the improvement of one important criterion of the enterprise's activity can lead to the deterioration of another criterion. It outlines the fact that there is no single algorithm for making decisions about production outsourcing. On the example of an industrial enterprise for the production of energy spare parts it was shown that, despite the positive economic effect, the use of outsourcing in an industrial enterprise may not be appropriate. It analyzes calculation of LLC "Turbomash-service" according to which the costs for insourcing and outsourcing of production for the most expensive and labor-intensive items were calculated. It focuses on three main features that need to be considered during outsourcing, namely: 1) Quality of products before and after outsourcing; 2) The level of critical knowledge protection; 3) Organization, communication and coordination of processes. It is shown that, along with the economic effect, the mentioned parameters are no less important for making decision about outsourcing. A detailed analysis of these parameters is carried out. The existing multicriteria decision-making methodology was improved, the Saati method was proposed for ranking the criteria taking into account their importance, as well as a pairwise comparison of the parameters. It explains the necessity of applying the proposed decision-making method for outsourcing at an industrial enterprise
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TECHNOLOGICAL WAYS IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY
DescriptionIn the article we consider problems of transition of an economic system to the new technological way. Success depends on degree of readiness of system for institutional changes and availability of necessary resources. Assessment of a condition of system plays an important role in the choice of management decisions on its upgrade. Delay with transition to new technological way or, on the contrary, its stimulation in system, not ready to changes, leads to serious, negative consequences for the reformed economy. Change of technological way leads to the release of capital which goes to the financial markets, entering crisis chaos into the system. The task of the state consists in timely reaction on developed, during transition to new way, a situation and the direction of financial flows in key technologies of new way. The new system of assessment of a condition of system and a stabilization effort is offered during the change of technological way
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Description
Introduction of sector and financial sanction restrictions started by west countries in March 2014 at present time has become a tangible blow to the Russian economy. If the first sanctions packages were mainly directed against certain individuals and legal entities, the following sanctions restrictions have become a kind of acupressure on the most advanced sectors of the Russian economy and its focus on the most vulnerable places. These circumstances determined the relevance of subjects of this article - namely, the identification of the results of the system analysis of the main threats to Russia's economic security in times of sectoral and financial sanctions restrictions on the example of the oil and gas complex. Oil and gas industry has always been and continues to be one of the most important part of the Russian economy. Mining and the subsequent marketing of hydrocarbons in the world markets for more than half of the federal budget. Therefore, the primary importance is the evaluation of both the threats to the security of the country's economy and the negative impact of sanctions restrictions on the dynamics of the industry. The article reveals the most significant sectoral and financial sanctions and restrictions determined by the degree of their influence on the development of the oil and gas industry and the security of the Russian economy as a whole. The necessity of introduction of import arrangements to reduce dependence on oil and gas companies of purchases of imported components, equipment and technology. Evaluation of the effect of sanctions limitations on the dynamics of changes in the rate of debt load oil and gas companies for its calculation in rubles and foreign currency terms. The conclusion is that the oil and gas sector of the Russian economy has demonstrated its resilience to the effects of the most severe restrictions and sanctions and for its further development we need more support through the development of large-scale program of import substitution, involving the variability of the joint efforts of the government and the oil and gas industry companies
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A KEY ROLE OF INNOVATIONS FOR ECONOMY OF RUSSIA AND A MEASURE FOR THEIR STIMULATION
DescriptionThe article examines the role of innovation in enhancing the competitiveness of individual firms (enterprises), and accelerate the growth of the national economy. The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the relationship between innovation and export performance. To achieve it evaluated Russia's innovation capabilities, take into account the risk associated with high exposure to the domestic economy from the export of fuel and energy products, the comparison of scientific-technical state of Russia with other countries on such indicators as the inclusion of human and financial resources in research and development work, the level of exports of technology-intensive goods and services
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Description
Problems of formation and evaluation of the feasibility of the plans and programs of development of high-tech products aerospace are both relevant and meaningful. To accelerate progress in the field of production of innovative aviation technology we have offered an improved method of program planning, which has been extended with comprehensive tools for identifying, assessing and managing risks objectively exist in the field of aeronautical engineering with a long life cycle. The authors have reviewed the basis for the development of plans and programs for the development of modern aircraft, the basic stages of formation of plans for its establishment; formulated methodological principles for the definition to be included in the work plans; built formalized procedure to account risks arising from the implementation of prepared plans. Practical use of this new method and its tool for implementation will improve the efficiency of the process of substitution of imported aircraft equipment in the domestic counterparts
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Description
Decision-making requires a thorough analysis of the external environment in which the economic system operates. Anti-Russian economic sanctions is significantly destabilized external environment that has complicated the task of making decisions on management of the enterprise. This study analyzes the problem of decision making under conditions of the uncertainty caused by the anti-Russian sanctions, the conclusion about the limited decision-making methods based on game theory. The most effective are management practices supported by information systems. The article analyzes the current information technology of managing a company made by different developers who have already installed their software products on objects, which are strategic for the Russian economy. In terms of economic sanctions, such a situation creates a threat to the economic security of the country. Based on domestic developments, it is proposed to construct an information model of the enterprise, which will reduce the risks and increase the quality of managerial decisions. The work presents a structural scheme of the information model and defines its objectives and characteristics
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Description
The relevance of the theme of this article determines the fact that in modern conditions the sphere of housing and communal services, on the one hand, requires the immediate carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure, and on the other hand, it has every reason to become a breakthrough for sustainable development of the domestic economy. The main elements of management in the sphere of housing and communal services the article defines the housing Fund, as well as many institutional agents engaged in its operation. It is established that housing and functioning municipal infrastructure have a significant physical and moral deterioration. Its presence negatively impacts on the quality provided to the population for consumption of housing services. We have identified the most significant factors and the degree of their influence on the development of innovative potential of the sphere of housing and communal services. The article substantiates the necessity of accounting these factors when developing economic and mathematical models for institutional agents of housing and communal services to make optimal decisions in conditions of uncertainty and enabling them to improve the quality of housing and communal services. Features of formation of economic-mathematical models were taken out of the scope of this article. We have defined a number of the most promising areas for carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure of housing and communal services on the basis of introduction of new economic mechanisms, economic-mathematical models and instrumental methods that increase the quality of housing and communal services