Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
Decision-making requires a thorough analysis of the external environment in which the economic system operates. Anti-Russian economic sanctions is significantly destabilized external environment that has complicated the task of making decisions on management of the enterprise. This study analyzes the problem of decision making under conditions of the uncertainty caused by the anti-Russian sanctions, the conclusion about the limited decision-making methods based on game theory. The most effective are management practices supported by information systems. The article analyzes the current information technology of managing a company made by different developers who have already installed their software products on objects, which are strategic for the Russian economy. In terms of economic sanctions, such a situation creates a threat to the economic security of the country. Based on domestic developments, it is proposed to construct an information model of the enterprise, which will reduce the risks and increase the quality of managerial decisions. The work presents a structural scheme of the information model and defines its objectives and characteristics
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PROBLEMS OF RESOURCE ENSURING INNOVATIVE MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
DescriptionRealization of the objects set in the Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation depends on the level of resource providing the projects and programs entering it. In this work, types of resources and a possibility of their effective use are analyzed. Russia possesses practically all types of natural resources and the labor potential necessary for a country conclusion in leaders of world economy. The problem consists in inefficient use of these resources, which are distributed in the directions, deadlock for our country. During the analysis which is carried out by means of production function it is established that return from investments into mining industry is much lower, than from capital investments in the productions which are turning out competitive, innovative products with high value added. Important task is distribution of resources in the priority directions of Strategy among which there is no astronautics, of a nuclear power engineering, aircraft, those branches where still there is a scientific and technical reserve and there were qualified personnel. The analysis of historical experience showed that the country achieved the greatest success in post-war years when command methods carried out mobilization of all necessary resources for achievement of a goal. In the modern market conditions it is offered to finance the initial stages of life cycle of innovative projects from public funds, and on closing stages to raise funds from investors by means of tools of public-private partnership
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Description
In modern conditions the sphere of housing and communal services has every reason to become a breakthrough towards sustainable development of the national economy based on innovation. However, most of the fixed assets of institutional agents of this sector in dire need of immediate conduct of a comprehensive modernization. This fact determines the relevance of subjects of this article. The main object of management in the sphere of housing and communal services is housing. The organization of its operation does not meet modern standards, which negatively affects the quality of utility services provided to the population. We have revealed the most significant factors and determined the degree of their influence on the development of innovative potential of the sphere of housing and communal services and improving the quality of housing and communal services. The article reveals the necessity of introduction of innovative technologies of information metering and payment of utility services to the population. The influence of these technologies to improve the quality of housing and communal services, as well as strengthening the financial condition of the majority of institutional agents engaged in housing operation was found. We identify the most promising areas of the comprehensive modernization of municipal infrastructure of housing and communal services through the introduction of innovative technologies of information metering and payment of utility services which stimulate institutional agents of this sector to improve the quality of housing services produced by them
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Description
The relevance of the theme of this article determines the fact that in modern conditions the sphere of housing and communal services, on the one hand, requires the immediate carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure, and on the other hand, it has every reason to become a breakthrough for sustainable development of the domestic economy. The main elements of management in the sphere of housing and communal services the article defines the housing Fund, as well as many institutional agents engaged in its operation. It is established that housing and functioning municipal infrastructure have a significant physical and moral deterioration. Its presence negatively impacts on the quality provided to the population for consumption of housing services. We have identified the most significant factors and the degree of their influence on the development of innovative potential of the sphere of housing and communal services. The article substantiates the necessity of accounting these factors when developing economic and mathematical models for institutional agents of housing and communal services to make optimal decisions in conditions of uncertainty and enabling them to improve the quality of housing and communal services. Features of formation of economic-mathematical models were taken out of the scope of this article. We have defined a number of the most promising areas for carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure of housing and communal services on the basis of introduction of new economic mechanisms, economic-mathematical models and instrumental methods that increase the quality of housing and communal services
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TECHNOLOGICAL WAYS IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY
DescriptionIn the article we consider problems of transition of an economic system to the new technological way. Success depends on degree of readiness of system for institutional changes and availability of necessary resources. Assessment of a condition of system plays an important role in the choice of management decisions on its upgrade. Delay with transition to new technological way or, on the contrary, its stimulation in system, not ready to changes, leads to serious, negative consequences for the reformed economy. Change of technological way leads to the release of capital which goes to the financial markets, entering crisis chaos into the system. The task of the state consists in timely reaction on developed, during transition to new way, a situation and the direction of financial flows in key technologies of new way. The new system of assessment of a condition of system and a stabilization effort is offered during the change of technological way
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Description
Introduction of sector and financial sanction restrictions started by west countries in March 2014 at present time has become a tangible blow to the Russian economy. If the first sanctions packages were mainly directed against certain individuals and legal entities, the following sanctions restrictions have become a kind of acupressure on the most advanced sectors of the Russian economy and its focus on the most vulnerable places. These circumstances determined the relevance of subjects of this article - namely, the identification of the results of the system analysis of the main threats to Russia's economic security in times of sectoral and financial sanctions restrictions on the example of the oil and gas complex. Oil and gas industry has always been and continues to be one of the most important part of the Russian economy. Mining and the subsequent marketing of hydrocarbons in the world markets for more than half of the federal budget. Therefore, the primary importance is the evaluation of both the threats to the security of the country's economy and the negative impact of sanctions restrictions on the dynamics of the industry. The article reveals the most significant sectoral and financial sanctions and restrictions determined by the degree of their influence on the development of the oil and gas industry and the security of the Russian economy as a whole. The necessity of introduction of import arrangements to reduce dependence on oil and gas companies of purchases of imported components, equipment and technology. Evaluation of the effect of sanctions limitations on the dynamics of changes in the rate of debt load oil and gas companies for its calculation in rubles and foreign currency terms. The conclusion is that the oil and gas sector of the Russian economy has demonstrated its resilience to the effects of the most severe restrictions and sanctions and for its further development we need more support through the development of large-scale program of import substitution, involving the variability of the joint efforts of the government and the oil and gas industry companies
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Description
The article examines the problems of innovative development of various types of rocket and space technology, created with use of high technologies, industrial, scientific-technical and intellectual potentials. The relevance of these issues due to the need of modernization of the Russian economy in the long term. In the course of the study using the mathematical tools offered the important task of improving the scientific and methodological framework intended for implementation of innovative strategies in the field of space activities that help to improve the degree of feasibility of plans and programs to create high-tech products and services for various purposes. The article analyzes the features of the plans for the creation and production of advanced rocket and space technology, their impact on the pace and quality of exploration and use of outer space, which is determined using a simulation model and applying methods of program-targeted planning
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Description
The article describes disadvantages of existing onecriterion methodologies: only the monetary effect of outsourced process is considered, the analysis of all possible positive and negative consequences of outsourcing is not taken into account. It outlines the main difficulties of multi-criteria approaches for decision making about outsourcing, related to the fact that the improvement of one important criterion of the enterprise's activity can lead to the deterioration of another criterion. It outlines the fact that there is no single algorithm for making decisions about production outsourcing. On the example of an industrial enterprise for the production of energy spare parts it was shown that, despite the positive economic effect, the use of outsourcing in an industrial enterprise may not be appropriate. It analyzes calculation of LLC "Turbomash-service" according to which the costs for insourcing and outsourcing of production for the most expensive and labor-intensive items were calculated. It focuses on three main features that need to be considered during outsourcing, namely: 1) Quality of products before and after outsourcing; 2) The level of critical knowledge protection; 3) Organization, communication and coordination of processes. It is shown that, along with the economic effect, the mentioned parameters are no less important for making decision about outsourcing. A detailed analysis of these parameters is carried out. The existing multicriteria decision-making methodology was improved, the Saati method was proposed for ranking the criteria taking into account their importance, as well as a pairwise comparison of the parameters. It explains the necessity of applying the proposed decision-making method for outsourcing at an industrial enterprise
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Description
Problems of formation and evaluation of the feasibility of the plans and programs of development of high-tech products aerospace are both relevant and meaningful. To accelerate progress in the field of production of innovative aviation technology we have offered an improved method of program planning, which has been extended with comprehensive tools for identifying, assessing and managing risks objectively exist in the field of aeronautical engineering with a long life cycle. The authors have reviewed the basis for the development of plans and programs for the development of modern aircraft, the basic stages of formation of plans for its establishment; formulated methodological principles for the definition to be included in the work plans; built formalized procedure to account risks arising from the implementation of prepared plans. Practical use of this new method and its tool for implementation will improve the efficiency of the process of substitution of imported aircraft equipment in the domestic counterparts
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PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF THE PROGRAM OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKET SPACE INDUSTRY
DescriptionIn this work, the authors investigate practice of application of a program and a target method in planning and management of the space industry. The carried-out analysis has shown that modern methods of formation of programs in space activity do not correspond to the basic principles of program and target planning. Programs of the leading organizations of Roskosmos represent a set of actions, which are poorly coordinated among themselves. The purposes of the program are washed away or not designated absolutely. Lack of definite purposes of the program leads to problems in a result assessment, to decrease in efficiency of use of resources and lag in development from world technological level. The country has already lost leadership in the market of starting services, problems with rendering communication services and broadcasting are observed, the share of the domestic space-rocket industry in the world market of space services decreases. The authors suggest considering a main objective of the program of innovative development growth of competitiveness of the domestic space-rocket industry measured in increase in a share of the Russian production and services in the world space market. The authors believe that the country has the sufficient innovative potential for reduction of lag from leaders of the world space market