The All-Russia scientific research institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents results of theoretical and experimental studies on the justification and experimental confirmation of the influence of hydraulic seeding process modes on the parameters of row seeding technology for seedling crops. It is hypothesized that it is possible to ensure a uniform depth of seeding within 0.5...1.5 mm by feeding seeds into the soil by hydraulic means using a liquid. We have compiled a nomogram of the influence of the height of the initial level of the liquid and its density on the amount of pressure exerted by it on the soil. It was found that the pressure of the polydisperse system on the soil increases with both the density of the liquid and the height of the initial liquid level. Experimental studies have been conducted to study the effect of the pressure exerted by the liquid on the soil and the speed of the drill on the depth of furrow formation and the depth of wetting the soil. The article determines empirical dependences of furrow depth on the pressure exerted on it for different types of soils. It is found that the depth of soil wetting decreases with increasing speed of the drill
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EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EQUIPMENT FOR TOBACCO GREEN LEAF PROCESSING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEfficiency of tobacco green leaf processing can be increased by utilizing innovative equipment and technology improving. As a part of research and postgraduate work technology and equipment for tobacco green leaf processing were elaborated. Elaborated equipment consists of set of devices for preparing tobacco leaves for drying, drying and packaging of dry tobacco. Basic element of the equipment is double-sided needle, designed for threading the tobacco leaves and their further curing directly on the needle. The set of devices is patented and has passed experimental testing. This equipment is implemented in scientific and economic activity of the institute. Testing the equipment for large quantities of tobacco has proved the efficiency of new technology for preparing and curing the tobacco leaves and confirmed the validity of technical solutions and characteristics of manufactured equipment. It is determined that 50 devices for double-sided needle arrangement are sufficient per 1 ha of tobacco field. Leaf mass per one double-sided needle can reach 3 – 4.5 kg, depending on weather conditions. Carried experiments have proved the necessity of cutting the upper part of the petioles when placing long stemmed tobacco sorts and periodic distribution of leaves on the needle during the curing. Performing these operations led to obtaining the cured tobacco of high quality. Results of the semi-industrial experiments have proved the efficiency of elaborated technology. Utilizing of innovative equipment is recommended for industrial production of dried tobacco
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THEORETICAL PROVING THE PARAMETERS OF A UNIT FOR SEEDLING FEEDING TO TRANSPLANTING DEVICE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionTransplanting seedling into the field is an extremely important period for all seedling crops, as the plant passes through basic vegetation stages. After carried analysis of seedling transplantation machines utilization it became obvious that they all have low technical and exploitation parameters. The purpose of the research was elaboration of theoretical bases for calculating parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device, which implementation will lead to increase efficiency of transplanting. The article presents the results of theoretical researches for proving parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device. A system of equations for acting at seedling forces during its transportation from collecting drum to feeding drum is arranged. We have also calculated nomograms for defining drum rotating frequency depending on seedling friction coefficient on surfaces of collecting and feeding drums. Parameters of pneumatic feeding drum were technologically proved. Its principle is equality of capacities of feeding unit and transplanting device. We have elaborated a nomogram for defining feeding drum rotating frequency depending on plant spacing and velocity of transplanting machine
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION COMPARISON OF DRIED TOBACCOS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT HYBRIDS, SORTS AND LINES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionTasting and smoking properties of tobacco products depend on chemical composition of dried tobacco. The most important are nicotine, carbohydrates, and proteins. Their content is controlled when new sorts are bred. In the article data on chemical composition and their analysis for some hybrids, new and zoned sorts are presented. Most of studied samples had medium nicotine content in dried tobacco. Hybrid of Jubileiniy noviy 142 and Ostrolist 46, sorts: Trapezond 159, 359, 115 and Ostrolist 46 were characterized as low nicotine tobaccos. Jubileiniy (standard) and Oktiabrskii were characterized as high nicotine tobaccos. This indicator depends on rain quantity during vegetation period. During drought seasons this indicator is higher. Total soluble carbohydrates content affects smoke taste. The more water soluble carbohydrates content the better smoking properties tobacco has. Unlike nicotine, carbohydrates content when rainy season increases. Best results were for Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii. Proteins have negative effect on smoke taste as it becomes bitter and with smell of burned feathers. Most of studied hybrids have quite high protein content. For cured tobacco quality assessment, not total contents of proteins and carbohydrates are important but their ratio (carbohydrates/proteins) called Shmuk ratio. Best results were for Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii
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FINAL INDICATORS OF VALUABLE PROPERTIES FOR NEW TOBACCO SORTS (FOR FIVE YEAR PERIOD)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBasic aim of institute’s breeding is to keep, renew and increase selection and genetic resources of Nicotiana tabacum. Final stages of this work are competitive and state sort testing procedures. Their results are base for zoning new sorts. In the article, the results on testing 8 new tobacco sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort type are presented. Testing on experimental field situated in Severskii district of the Krasnodar region lasted for five years. For this purpose, phenological observations, biometric and technological properties measuring, plant productivity and dried tobacco quality assessments and other operations were carried. As the result, Trapezond 25, Ostrolist 360 and Sheptalskii 63 sorts may be recommended for zoning and utilizing in industry. Trapezond 25 and Sheptalskii 63 are sorts with high productivity, high quality of dried tobacco and good curing properties. Ostrolist 360 when earlymiddle maturing keeps high productivity and quality of cured tobacco. Other sorts: Trapezond 115, Ostrolist 311, Ostrolist 149, Ostrolist 90, Krupnolistniy 22 can be initial material for further selection
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SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TOBACCO SEEDS GROWING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionNicotiana tabacum and rustica are facultative self-pollinated plants, therefore, because of pollination peculiarities, specific methods are applicable to growing seeds of this plants. Researches on mass, individual and family, recurrent methods of seeds selection for productivity and sowing properties are carried in the institute for revealing most efficient methods of getting seeds. Seeds growing system for Nicotiana tabacum and rustica is a part of general seeds growing system for all agricultural plants and consists of breeding, testing new sorts, mass reproduction of seeds with retained biological and productivity properties, seeds harvesting and controlling their sort and sowing properties. Primary growing of nicotiana tabacum and rustica seeds is carried by individual and family or recurrent selection and further testing of chosen plants, distinctive for this sort, on economically valuable and biological properties. Peculiarities of each zoned sort are kept by retaining its primary genome with constant selection of highly productive genotypes, specific for this sort. Well-organized seed growing system leads to sort potential revealing. Biotype composition of sort is obviously changing in a few years, so primary seeds growing system should be constantly improved
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OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR LOADING TOBACCO LEAVES INTO CONTAINERS
DescriptionThe article presents the research results on parameters optimization of technological line for loading tobacco leaves into containers. The aim of the research was decreasing labor expenses on preparing tobacco for artificial curing. This was achieved by line modernization utilized for loading tobacco leaves into containers. We have also developed working parts of technological line for automatic loading of tobacco leaves into containers. Researches on weight studying of tobacco leaves of 3 sorts zoned in the Krasnodar region have been carried out. Dispersion analysis has not revealed weight differences between sorts, therefore, further researches can be carried for one sort. Optimization of working part for loading tobacco leaves into containers was carried by analysis of regression equation obtained by bifactorial experiment. Irregularity of leaf position was taken as optimization criterion. It has been discovered that optimal regimes: transporter belt speed v=2,8m/s, number of transporter’s double movements n=19 min-1 can be used for uniform container loading by leaves. Researches on studying line capacity on leaves position irregularity revealed that maximal uniformity obtained when line capacity is 260 kg/h
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionWe present results on proving parameters of the device for maintaining uniform flow of liquid in hydraulic row sowing machine for seedling plants. Main difference between row sowing in greenhouse and in field is 10 to 20 times less width between rows. Existing sowing machines (because of little width between rows) can only perform scattered sowing. A method and a scheme of the device for maintaining uniform flow of polydispersed system (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) are theoretically proved. Parameters of the device for maintaining uniform flow of polydispersed system (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) are experimentally proved. We have also defined the effect of pipe’s position in the tank on flow of polydispersed system out of it and the effect of polydispersed system parameters (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) on peculiarities of hydraulic sowing technological process. Testing the experimental row sowing machine for seedling plants determined that this machine adequately performs sowing process and increases productivity 8.3 times compared to manual sowing
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FORMATION OF TOBACCO BUSINESS IN THE INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA: BACKGROUND AND TRENDS
DescriptionThe article discusses the scientific aspects of the development of the economy of tobacco industry in Russia. We have presented the results of research of corporation researches in the tobacco industry; we have justified the solutions of improvement of the effectiveness of the tobacco production
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DEVELOPING SET OF EQUIPMENT FOR GREEN LEAF PROCESSING OF TOBACCO
DescriptionThe set of equipment for green leaf processing of tobacco, which begins from placement the tobacco leaves and finishes with tobacco packing in bales, is described in the article. Prototypes of equipment are developed at the level of the invention and pass tests in VNIITT