Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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CHARACTERIZATION OF AVERAGE VALUES BY MEANS OF MEASUREMENT SCALES
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionAccording to measurement theory, statistical data are measured in various scales. The most widely used ordinal scale, scales of intervals and relations. Statistical methods of data analysis should correspond to the scales in which the data is measured. The term "correspondence" is specified with the help of the concepts of an adequate function and an allowable scale transformation. The main content of the article is a description of the average values that can be used to analyze data measured in the ordinal scale, interval and relationship scales, and some others. The main attention is paid to the means for Cauchy and the means for Kolmogorov. In addition to the mean, from this point of view, polynomials and correlation indices are also analyzed. Detailed mathematical proofs of characterization theorems are given for the first time in scientific periodicals. It is shown that in the ordinal scale there are exactly n average values, that can be used, namely, n order statistics. The proof is represented as a chain of 9 lemmas. In the scale of intervals from all Kolmogorov means, only the arithmetic mean can be used. In the scale of relations from all the Kolmogorov means, only the power means and the geometric mean are permissible. The kind of adequate polynomials in the relationship scale is indicated
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THE LIMIT THEORY OF THE SOLUTIONS OF EXTREMAL STATISTICAL PROBLEMS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionMany procedures of applied mathematical statistics are based on the solution of extreme problems. As examples it is enough to name methods of least squares, maximum likelihood, minimal contrast, main components. In accordance with the new paradigm of applied mathematical statistics, the central part of this scientific and practical discipline is the statistics of non-numerical data (it is also called the statistics of objects of non-numerical nature or non-numeric statistics) in which the empirical and theoretical averages are determined by solving extreme problems. As shown in this paper, the laws of large numbers are valid, according to which empirical averages approach the theoretical ones with increasing sample size. Of great importance are limit theorems describing the asymptotic behavior of solutions of extremal statistical problems. For example, in the method of least squares, selective estimates of the parameters of the dependence approach the theoretical values, the maximum likelihood estimates tend to the estimated parameters, etc. It is quite natural to seek to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of extremal statistical problems in the general case. The corresponding results can be used in various special cases. This is the theoretical and practical use of the limiting results obtained under the weakest assumptions. The present article is devoted to a series of limit theorems concerning the asymptotics of solutions of extremal statistical problems in the most general formulations. Along with the results of probability theory, the apparatus of general topology is used. The main differences between the results of this article and numerous studies on related topics are: we consider spaces of a general nature; the behavior of solutions is studied for extremal statistical problems of general form; it is possible to weaken ordinary requirements of bicompactness type by introducing conditions of the type of asymptotic uniform divisibility
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HISTORICAL TENDENCIES OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
DescriptionIn this work, prerequisites of processes of globalization of economies which source, according to authors, is the scientific and technological revolution of the XVIIIXIX century of century are considered. Dissemination of new technologies led to the international labor division, and emergence of information technologies promoted to increase in speed of communications, deleting of economic borders between the countries. A specific place in processes of globalization is held by space technologies by means of which there was a possibility of exchange of information between various consumers and the companies, which are in the different countries and continents. Based on the carriedout analysis, it is revealed that in the conditions of globalization pressure of group of industrially developed countries upon the rest of the world for the purpose of imposing of a certain model of their existence by the rest amplifies. The tool in competition are new technologies which help to drive the national companies out of the local markets. A special role in the course of globalization is played by information and space technologies of communication and broadcasting. Only competitive hi-tech productions focused on perspective technological ways can resist to influence of the international corporations. According to authors, distribution of innovative technologies has to contribute to the uniform development of all countries, formation of the multipolar world, the excluding domination of any country or the international group
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FORMATION OF BASICS FOR EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION ON VARIOUS LEVELS OF ITS LIFE CYCLE
DescriptionNowadays, in Russia the problem of utilization of self-propelled vehicles has not been solved yet. This problem remains because in Russia there is no accurate system of cooperation between developers, producers and customers of mechanical products. The article analyses Russian and foreign experience in solving this issue, gives brief information about working out Russian system of agricultural machines utilization
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SYSTEM PARADIGM AS THE BASIS OF CREATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CONTROLLING SERVICE
DescriptionSystem paradigm is discussed conformably to functioning of controlling institution of a large-scale agro-industrial system. Presently the systemacity became the general platform of fundamental and applied, scientific and practical elaborations and projects. Now in the sphere of system researches surge of interest in questions of classification is observed. Apparently, it is connected with accumulation of results of private researches in all areas of this discipline and with inevitable transdisciplinary crossings of their practical applications. So, undoubted intervention of high technologies to the agrarian sphere is observed. The efficiency of this introduction, certainly, depends on coordination of actions of developers of various subject domains. On the basis of the objective analysis it must be noted that in the arsenal of managers, especially foreign ones, there is practically no fundamentally new methods and tools of controlling. So says the executive director of Russian Association of Controllers prof. S. G. Falco. However, promising mathematical and instrumental methods of controlling actively developed in our country. It is necessary to implement them. For example, managers should be used advanced mathematical and instrumental methods of controlling. These methods are based on the modern development of mathematics as a whole - on the system interval fuzzy math. Considered methods are developed in accordance with the new paradigm of mathematical methods of research. It includes new paradigms of applied statistics, mathematical statistics, mathematical methods of economics, methods of analysis of statistical and expert data in management and control. In the XXI century there were more than 10 books issued, developed in accordance with the new paradigm of mathematical methods of research. The systems approach to solving specific applications often requires going beyond the economy. Very important are the procedures for the introduction of innovative methods and tools. In this article we consider the above research results in their interconnection
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Description
The main factors influencing the innovative development of the domestic science-intensive sector of the economy, were identified and studied in the work. The authors singled out two groups of factors, internal and external, determining their composition and interrelationship. The paper focuses on one of the segments of the knowledge-intensive market of products and services - space activities. In the postwar period, Russia firmly maintained leadership in virtually all areas of the industry, however, economic and political reforms intensified the negative impact of financial and economic factors, which significantly retarded the technological development of the space industry. The paper studies the influence of environmental, technological, financial, economic and other factors affecting the development of knowledgebased enterprises. A graphical and economicmathematical multi-factor model for the innovative development of knowledge-intensive enterprises involved in the implementation of space programs is constructed. The methods of expert assessments determined the influence of each factor on the development of space activities: - the production of launch vehicles, space vehicles, ground-based space technology and the provision of services. The received estimations of influence of factors will find application at formation of programs of innovative development of the high technology enterprises
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ASYMPTOTICS OF ESTIMATES OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION DENSITY
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionNonparametric estimates of the probability distribution density in spaces of arbitrary nature are one of the main tools of non-numerical statistics. Their particular cases are considered - kernel density estimates in spaces of arbitrary nature, histogram estimations and Fix-Hodges-type estimates. The purpose of this article is the completion of a series of papers devoted to the mathematical study of the asymptotic properties of various types of nonparametric estimates of the probability distribution density in spaces of general nature. Thus, a mathematical foundation is applied to the application of such estimates in non-numerical statistics. We begin by considering the mean square error of the kernel density estimate and, in order to maximize the order of its decrease, the choice of the kernel function and the sequence of the blur indicators. The basic concepts are the circular distribution function and the circular density. The order of convergence in the general case is the same as in estimating the density of a numerical random variable, but the main conditions are imposed not on the density of a random variable, but on the circular density. Next, we consider other types of nonparametric density estimates - histogram estimates and Fix-Hodges-type estimates. Then we study nonparametric regression estimates and their application to solve discriminant analysis problems in a general nature space
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THE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING
DescriptionThe article is devoted to discussion of modern views on management decisions. We have released several bulk textbooks on the theory of decision-making. This article discusses several key aspects of this theory: a comparison of approaches to decisionmaking, the pitfalls of voting, and the methodology of decision-making, management responsibility. We have considered a simple example of a problem of decision-making in the management of the organization: selection a model of a new car to run into a series. Criteria for making a decision, which put forward by the four experts-theorists, contradicted each other. The Board of Directors decided to issue a vote. We have considered the "reefs" of voting. In the production and realization of administrative decisions we distinguish four levels. The first and most important level, which determine the success or failure of administrative activity is methodological. We discuss the levels of production and realization of administrative decisions. We give some examples where methodological errors lead to wrong management decisions. For example, a call to "maximum profit at the lowest cost" is quite common in the speeches and orders of a general nature. However, it is mistaken. Practice of development, adoption and implementation of solutions is based on a few basic concepts: Who makes the decisions? The procedure for preparation of the solution (the regulations). Objectives. Resources. The risks and uncertainties. Criteria for estimating decisions. The manager has his responsibility for the decisions taken. Volition of manager - the basis of management
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Description
The practice of separate financing of projects of civil and defensive nature, which has been developed in Russia, requires, in the conditions of an aggravation of an international situation, increase in costs for carrying out researches and developments what to go a heavy burden on the federal budget. The analysis of international experience shows that industrially developed countries successfully solved this problem by means of distribution of dual-use technologies. The special effect is reached in space activities where dual-use technologies are widely used in the organization of communication, broadcasting and monitoring of the land surface. In the article, policy of usage of military technologies in civil sector of economy of the USA, Germany and China is analyzed. The policy of distribution of dual-use technologies leads to decrease in load of the budget and promotes attraction of a private equity in researches and developments. The main directions are conversion, sale of information from military companions to the commercial organizations and acquisition by military of information from commercial companions here. Backwardness of the market relations, impracticality of controlling mechanisms, developments and carrying out scientific and technical policy and other problems can become the main obstacle in a way to distribution of dual-use technologies in Russia. However, instability of the revenues of the Russian budget caused by volatility of the prices of energy resources and other external factors puts the most important priority of national economic policy development and distribution of double technologies
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Description
The problem of controlling a large-scale agroindustrial system, which should be solved in the process of organizing agricultural production, is considered. It is shown, that the scientific and methodological apparatus of the service subsystem controlling such an object should be expanded in comparison with ordinary enterprises of agroindustrial production. The article considers a new approach to the theory of management of large-scale socio-economic systems, based on a solidary information economy. Its main ideas are analyzed, its use as a basic organizational and economic theory instead of "economics" is justified. According to the solidary information economy, modern information technologies and decisionmaking theory make it possible to build information and communication system based on an "open network society" designed to identify people's needs and organize production in order to meet them. Predecessors - V.M. Glushkov, Anthony Stafford Beer, W. P. Cockshott, A. F. Cottrell and others. The main content of the research is the forecasting of the development of the future society and its economy, the development of organizational and economic methods and models designed to enhance the effectiveness of management processes. As an economic component of the state ideology of Russia, we propose to use a solidary information economy. The organizational and economic theory of Russia's innovative development should be based on a solidary information economy