All-Russian Research Institute of crops
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
-
CORRELATION AMONG QUANTITATIVE TRAITS OF SORGHUM GRAIN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAt present, the farmers have to develop varieties and hybrids, which fully meet the requirements of agricultural production. The study of correlation among economic-valuable characteristics of grain sorghum is of great importance nowadays, as it allows optimizing plant-breeding work at its early stages. For a more productive process of developing of the initial material in breeding, it is necessary to determine the correlation among the traits to identify the strongest connections, and to conduct further work, based on the obtained data. Knowing the correlation, the estimation of timeconsuming economic trait can be replaced by the assessment of the simpler trait correlated with it. The article presents the analysis of correlation among various traits of grain sorghum. The degree and direction of the correlation have been estimated. The significant effect of the length of vegetation period on many traits has been seen. There have been also mentioned the characteristics, having an influence on a size and a number of kernels per panicle. There is a positive correlation between a size of panicle and dimensions of a leaf (length, width). Along with it there has been found a positive correlation among linier dimensions of a panicle, length and width of a leaf, a number of leaves with a number of kernels per panicle. While studying the correlation between an extension of a panicle with other traits, there has been noted a negative correlation between a length of vegetation period, length and width of a leaf, but there has been found a positive correlation with plant height. There has been found a positive effect of 1000-kernel weight, a number of kernels per panicle, a number of leaves and their dimensions on the formation of kernel weight per panicle
-
TRACE ELEMENTS (Co, Mn, B, Cu) IN SOILS AND PLANTS NATURAL TIMES ARE FOOTHILLS OF DAGESTAN
DescriptionIn the article we have determined the content of Co, Mn, B, Cu in typical soils and basic plant species characteristic of the main soil-vegetation belts the provinces foothills of Dagestan. It was found that the content of Co, Mn, B, Cu in soils and plants, and soil fertility, respectively, increased in the system of natural landscape and vegetation belts of investigated province of Dagestan: steppe belt brown soil → dry steppe dark chestnut soils → forest belt of brown forest soils
-
TRACE ELEMENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN WATER AND BOTTOM SEDIMENTS DRAINAGE NETWORK DAGHESTAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the main collectors in the North-West Caspian we have found the concentration of priority chemical elements: in water - Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, B, Mo, Cr, Ni, Pb; in sediments - Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb. It was found that a common and characteristic feature of drainage water is a low concentration of these elements investigated (except Mn, B, Pb). In the bottom sediments collectors content of gross forms of Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and mobile forms of Zn, Cu was below the MRL and the content of the gross forms of Cr and Mn mobile forms was a little higher
-
COLLECTION SAMPLES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT TOLERANT TO LEAF RUST AND POWDERY MILDEW
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionDiseases cause great damage to agriculture, reducing yields and decreasing its quality. The losses are up to 20-30% of potential crop yields. Different types of rust and powdery mildew cause significant damage to wheat. Thereby, the growing of varieties tolerant to these diseases is of great importance at present. It allows solving such problems as the improvement of stability of grain production (especially in the epiphytotic time), improvement of its quality and reduction of prime cost of the product. Cultivation of resistant varieties gives the opportunity to avoid a use of crop protection chemicals and thus, to improve environment. The researches were carried out in the laboratory of intensive soft winter wheat breeding and seed-growing of FSBSI ARRIGC after I.G. Kalinenko in 2013-2015. The crop was sown in a bare fallow. 275 samples of soft winter wheat from the world collection VIR, Turkey (CIMMYT), new varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, varieties and constant selection lines of own selection were the subjects of the study. Favorable for disease development weather conditions allowed evaluating collection samples according to the degree of infection with leaf rust and powdery mildew under natural conditions. According to a complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew we have distinguished the following samples: ‘Nakhodka’, ‘1226/98’, ‘662/99’, ‘1366/08’, ‘Patriarkh’ (Russia); ‘Shestopalivka’(Ukraine); ‘Simonida’ (Serbia); ‘MV 15-04’ (Hungary); ‘Rialto’ (England); ‘Menestrel’ (France); ‘№42 CIMMYT’ (US). Thus, our conducted study resulted in distinguishing the samples of soft winter wheat which are resistant to leaf rust and powdery mildew and are recommended to use as a source of resistance and tolerance to these pathogens. The samples with a combined resistance to both pathogens are of particular interest
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionCombining ability with respect to “grain productivity” has been studied among thirty eight self-pollinated lines of maize of mid-early and early maturing in the system of hybrid combinations. The lines with high general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combinative ability have been hybridized. New high heterotic hybrids have been developed on the basis of lines with high GCA and SCA
-
INHERITANCE PECULIARITIES OF 4-SEED BEANS AND 1000 SEEDS’ MASS OF SOYBEAN HYBRID F1
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBiometrical analysis of parents’ forms and hybrids F1 is accomplished; inheritance types of 4-seed beans and 1000 seeds’ mass are established. A degree of domination and value of heterosis and GСA and SCA is determined as well
-
ORIGIN OF SORGHUM AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS BREEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionSorghum is cultivated in many countries of the world on around 50 ml hectares. The main producers of sorghum are India, Nigeria, Sudan and the USA. Sorghum comes from equatorial Africa. India and China are the secondary places of origin and formation. The USA achieved great success in breeding, seedgrowing and agro technologies of grain sorghum. In the country sorghum occupies 14.4% of the world amount of sowing areas; the gross yield is 40%. Sorghum breeding on Don was started by E.S. Yakushevsky in 1938. In 1963 after a long break the work was restarted at the Zernograd Breeding Station headed by Ya.I. Issakov. At present the amount of sowing areas for sorghum is constantly increasing in RF (220.3 thousand ha in 2015). It occurs due to aridity of climate and more frequent use of the crop as insurance. Besides, the development of white kernel varieties gave an opportunity to use sorghum for starch and spirit. There are 221 varieties and hybrids of sorghum registered in the State List. The main directions of breeding work with grain sorghum are early maturity, suitability for mechanical harvesting, productivity and grain quality. The ARRIGC developed the white kernel early maturing varieties ‘Velikan’, ‘Zernogradskoe 88’, ‘Ataman’ without necessity to be dried after harvesting, with productivity of 8 t/ha. The main directions of breeding work with sweet sorghum are early maturity, high intensity of initial growth, low height, resistance to lodging, high productivity and quality of green chop. The ARRIGC developed the varieties for fodder use (‘Listvenit’), for spirit and treacle (‘Debyut’ and ‘Zernogradsky Yantar’). Sorghum due to origin and varietal diversity even in dry and hot parts of the world allow obtaining stable, high yields of grain and green chop. This makes sorghum the leading grain-forage and food crop
-
MODERN ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SORGHUM FORAGE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionSorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows, sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients, necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of nutritional value according to fodder units is being revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients. The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general (energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine. The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’ and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best varieties according to the contents of fodder units
-
CREATION OF INITIAL MATERIAL FOR BREEDING OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES TOLERANT TO SMUT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe key task of the agriculture in Russia is the further improvement of grain production. Thus, prevention of losses of winter wheat yields because of the diseases remains relevant. The significance of varieties tolerant to diseases, especially to smut (fungus) is of primary importance. Therefore, it’s essential to create initial material for breeding of the varieties tolerant to smut. According to the results of the trials with artificial infection with pathogens, among the samples of winter wheat there have been identified varieties belonging to different groups of tolerance to smut. They are a highly sensitive cultivar ‘к-69361’ (Korea), a sensitive variety ‘Izyuminka’ (Russia), moderately sensitive variety ‘Asket’ (Russia) and almost tolerant variety ‘1621/03’ (Russia). We studied the reaction of the hybrids F2 on infection with smut in different variants of hybridization to obtain stable progeny. The correlation between the number of infected plants in parent and hybrid (F2) populations have been considered. The productive tillering of the plants has been determined in all variants of the trials; it was the least one on the plants with 100% of infected leaves. The hybrids F3 and F 4 have been distributed according to the degree of their tolerance to smut. For further work we have selected the lines with practical resistance to smut (fungus)
-
CREATION OF THE INDICATIVE AND GENETIC COLLECTION OF THE LARGE-MASS GRAIN OF THE GRAIN SORGHUM
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe inheritance of the “mass of 1000 grains” sign in the hybrids F1 and F2 was studied. Differences in the parental forms with 1-5 pairs of genes are revealed. The sources and the donors of the large-mass of grain are pointed, the indicative and genetic collections of the large-mass of grain forms of the grain sorghum are created