All-Russian Research Institute of crops
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article substantiates a necessity to apply the method of interspecific hybridization in durum winter wheat breeding, using the present soft winter varieties for improvement of frost and drought tolerance at the beginning of germination; resistance to snow mold, fusariosis and bacteriosis of ears and grain. The article presents the results of a comparative study of different types of crossbreeding at interspecific and intraspecific hybridization due to germination, emergence, productivity. It has been shown that intraspecific hybrids ‘T. durum оз. х T. durum оз.’, interspecific hybrids ‘T. durum оз. х Т. аestivum оз’ and ‘Т. аestivum оз. х T. durum оз.’ possessed the highest germination and emergence with 71,8/75,3% for direct and 60,4/82,5% for backward, 42,8 and 35,5% and 55,4 and 64,1% respectively. In backward (triplecross) cross-breeding of F1 interspecific hybrids with durum winter wheat the grain germination was down to 37,4 and 36,6%, but the emergence was up to 64,1 and 69,7% and reached the level of intraspecific hybrids. According to the elements of ear (head) productivity (grain mass per head, number of seeds per head), interspecific double-cross hybrids of the first and the second generation significantly conceded to intraspecific hybrids, but they matched them in a number of spikelets and grain size. The triple-cross hybrids exceed the double interspecific hybrids in this respect, but they concede to double-cross and triple-cross intraspecific hybrids. We studied the principle of splitting of interspecific hybrids of the second generation ‘T. durum оз. х Т. аestivum оз.’ and ‘T. durum оз. х T. durum оз.’ (direct and backward) and the triple-cross hybrids obtained from cross-breeding of interspecific and intraspecific double-cross hybrids F1 with durum winter wheat
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TYPES OF THE INHERITANCE OF PROTEIN IN GRAIN OF THE F1 HYBRIDS OF SORGHUM GRAIN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe effects of the general and specific combination abili-ty of the parental forms of hybrids are revealed, and the degree of domination, value of true heterosis are also determined; the types of the inheritance of protein in the reciprocal hybrids F1 of sorghum grain, obtained accord-ing to diallel diagram are studied
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researchers of the institute are studying adaptive power of 17 varieties and 6 lines of winter wheat sown after peas using various methods of assessment of their adaptive properties. During the years of study (2012-2014) we found out that environmental conditions which account for 78% have the greatest effect on the trait ‘grain productivity’ in the formation of the yield. The share of genes accounts for 9,7%, the specific correlation ‘geno type x environment’ accounts for 10% which allow calculating adaptive properties. It has been defined that productivity of winter soft wheat changed a lot due to growing conditions and characteristics of varieties. The productivity ranged from 38,7 c/ha (‘Garant’ in 2014) to 76,5 c/ha 9’Lilit’ in 2013). The study found out that the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Asket’ and ‘Lilit’ possess the highest response to cultivation with bi=1,15; bi=1,18 and bi=1,25 respectively. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, the lines ‘430/07’, ‘260/09’ and 771/09’ possess a high adaptive ability and productivity with 111%, 105%, 108%, 105% and 106% respectively. The study of adaptive properties of winter soft wheat varieties gives an opportunity to distinguish adaptive, stress tolerant varieties with plasticity according to the primary structural elements which form productivity. The varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Lidiya’ are characterized with high response to cultivation in different environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Kapitan’ belong to adaptive cultivars. The varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘234/07’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘grain productivity’; the varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Lilit’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘number of seeds per a ear’; the varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘weight of seeds per a ear’