03.00.00 Biological sciences
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STRUCTURE OF FORESTS OF PREDKAMJE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
DescriptionThe article presets results of the studies that reflect the nature of the distribution of forests of Predkamje of the Republic of Tatarstan on the types of forest grown conditions, the predominant tree species, age, site class, completeness and volume of stem wood. It is shown that there are large reserves of increasing productivity of forest stands by optimizing their density and species composition of forests
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STABILIZATION OF MRNA CEREALS IN VITRO UNDER THE SILICON INFLUENCE
DescriptionThe differential stability of mRNA is an important mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Messenger RNA stability is controlled by specific genes and growth conditions. The review examines the theoretical possibility of mRNA stabilization in vivo as a consequence of replacing carbon atoms (C) or phosphorus (P), composed of nucleic acid on the silicon (Si) atom. During isolation of poly-(A)+mRNA from plant tissues by the two-cycle affinity chromatography on poly-(U)-Sepharose, regular changes in poly- (A)++mRNA yield were observed. The changes varied both with the plant genotype and growth conditions. Celite treatment of heated and unheated total RNA preparations from developing corn kernels and from green and etiolated wheat seedlings. Messenger RNA that differed in the length of poly- (A)-sequences was used for hybridization. It is evident that a reduction of poly-(A)-length causes alterations in spatial structure of mRNA, and associated proteins and cations Mg++ become accessible to celite absorption. Heating promotes melting of secondary structure, already initiated, and increases the efficiency of mRNA stabilization by celite. Interpreting the facts interact celite with mRNA in vitro and stabilization of mRNA in vivo by cycloheximide with a modern point of view can be considered with the position research of the phenomenon of RNA interference
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Description
During cultivation in the glucose-mineral medium, Escherichia coli M-17, O75, № 14 and VL 613 and Salmonella enteritidis excrete amino acids, their composition and dynamics depend on the species and the strain identity. The total concentration of the ami-no acids for probiotic strains was higher than oppor-tunistic. Comparative analysis of the amino acids to their ability to influence the growth of bacteria, sug-gests that amino acids are carry out certain regulatory functions
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Description
The main contribution to the soil biological properties change in the combined pollution with lead and an alternating magnetic field makes lead pollution. Contribution of the interaction of factors of 20-30%. The contribution of the alternating field was insignificant or unreliable. Black soil and brown forest soils are similar in degree of resistance to the combined pollution. Grey sands have less stability
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUNGICIDES OF NEW GENERATIONS TOXIC TO DAPHNIA
DescriptionWe have assessed the effect of the new generations of fungicides on the vital activity of daphnia. The data of the chronic experiment allowed us to determine non-effective and threshold concentrations of the substances studied. The toxic effect of the xenobiotics is shown to be of different intensity. When entering water they may be dangerous, first of all, for the zooplankton that is the food base of young fish, and may have unfavorable effects on fish development
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Description
The purpose of examining the roadside agrocenosis in the Aksai district of the Rostov region was a comparative assessment of the ecological condition of ordinary black soil and agricultural products grown in the technologically transformed conditions. The evaluation of agro-forestry factor impact on refraining toxic substances from the techno-genesis road source was also of interest. The study was expected to determine the actual and potential content of copper, zinc and lead in the ordinary black earth, as well as to evaluate the accumulation level of the investigated elements in the winter wheat grain. The potential reserve of investigated elements in ordinary chernozem (or black soil) is several times higher than the potency of the current content. Distribution of the results of the actual and potential reserve determination demonstrated the transfer of gas-dust emissions beyond the forest belt where the production crops are grown. At the remoteness point of 10 meters away from the road beyond the forest belt minimal amounts of actual and potential element content were found. At a distance of 50 - 100 m there was found a significant excess content of copper, zinc and lead. Repeated studies conducted 20 years later, identified the lead content in winter wheat grain exceeding the MPC. The results obtained have demonstrated the lack of agro-forestry effect in refraining gas and dust emissions by the road forest belt
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CLONE OF STOCK М9ЕМLA AVERAGEGROWING APPLE-TREE
DescriptionIn FSBRI «North-Caucasus zonal scientific-research institute of horticulture and viticulture» (Krasnodar) there was carried out the comparative economicbiological study of the average-height apple-tree stock М9ЕМLA in comparison with initial weakgrowing stock М9 in manifold, nursery and garden. Manifold bushes of the clone M9ЕMLA is quite worse in force than the stock М9 and were less branchy. Output of standard per hectare of manifold at the clone M9ЕMLA was on 35,5 thousand units more, and а standard condition of cuttings - on 13,2 % higher, than at the stock М9. Cuttings of the clone were less spiked and better rooted. In the first field of nursery, the plants of the clone had a vertical growth of the central conductor, slightly weaved and were more suitable to inoculation. The output of standard plants, in the variant with the use of clone M9ЕMLA by the variety Champion, in average for 2006-2010 was on 3112 units/hа, and on the variety Prikubanskoye – correspondently on 2470 units/hа higher than grafted on the stock М9. The cost price of 1000 seedlings on the clone M9ЕMLA was on 1962 rubles less than on the stock М9, and the standard of profitability of seedling growing, on the contrary was on 14-19 % higher. In the garden the trees on the clone M9ЕMLA were worse in growth of trees grafted on М9: on volume of the crone on 0,4-0,6 m3 , in diameter of the stem on 9-12 mm, in dependence on the variety, independently on the fact that some trees on clone were more weaker than grafted on the stock М9, their productivity for 2011-2015 was higher as from one tree as from the unit of area. The intensity of fruiting expressed in yield in kilos from a tree on the unit of volume of the top of a tree on the clone M9ЕMLA was on 33-39% higher than at the trees on the stock М9
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THE METHODS OF REPRODACTION OF LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL.
DescriptionThe article presents results of the study of lavender reproduction (Lavandula angustifolia Mill) with methods of generative reproduction (seeds), vegetative reproduction (cutting, layening, divide of buch), clonal microreproduction using the culture in vitro. The method of cloned microreproduction based on the culture of the isolated meristems which provides genetic identity of regenerated plants to initial forms and high coefficients of reproduction, improvement of landing material from fungal and bacterial infection, and also release from viruses at a combination with methods of thermotherapy and a chemotherapy is the most effective for the solution of objectives of seed farming of a lavender. As a material for carrying out researches we had plants of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill), Sineva sorts, Stepnaya and perspective selection samples 337-9 and 310-17. Apical meristems 0,2-1,0 mm high isolated from top and axilary buds of a stalk of annual plants have been used as explant. Murasige and Skuga (MS) used as a basic nutrient medium for cultivation of the isolated meristems. Explants have been cultivated in the cultural room with 25-26 0C - temperature, lighting – 2-3 lx, relative humidity – 60-70%. It has been established that both April and October are the best month for isolation of meristems correspond calendar to phases of spring and autumn growth at the lavender donor plants and that optimum is an agar nutrient medium of MS, added with kinetin (1,0 mg/l) and GC (1,0 mg/l); frequency of regeneration of all studied genotypes was 90,0-100,0 %. Feature of morphogenesis of lavender meristems in vitro culture was already at the first stage of clonal microreproduction as there was a multiple shoot formation. Studying of features of development of lavender microplants during ten passages also was carried out, as the level of stability of regeneration processes throughout several cycles of a miсrograftage is one of important factors on which efficiency of microreproduction depends. We have also shown, that the efficiency of reproduction remains at the stable level of the sort named Sineva and sample #337-9 to the 8th passage (1:7,77-12,45 and 1:7,60-11,85 respectively), at the variety called Stepnaya - to the 7th passage (1:6,10-11,81), at the sample #310-17 - to the 6th passage (1:6,17-8,37)
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SPECIFICITY OF HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN STEVIA REBAUDIANA
DescriptionThe analysis of the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the stevia raw material grown in different agroecological regions is carried out. The elements present in the soils always have a complex effect on the plant and at the same time enhance or weaken each other's action. Plants of stevia are able to regulate the flow of the heavy metals under study, assimilating organs accumulate the optimal number of elements necessary for their growth and development, regardless of the growing conditions
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COENOPOPULATION STATE OF SOME FABACEAE SPECIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE LENA RIVER VALLEY
DescriptionThe study concerns the results of the study of coenopopulations of the following Fabaceae species: Medicago falcata, Oxytropis candicans, and Onobrychis arenaria under conditions of the Middle Lena River. The study was conducted in Yakutsk vicinities, 13 km north-east of the city. It is stated that all the studied coenopopulations are normal. Rather small values of substitution and recovery indices evidence certain problems in self-maintaining processes. The age structure analysis using two age indices, “delta” and “omega”, allows to classify the coenopopulations of Medicago falcata, Oxytropis candicans and Onobrychis arenaria in phytocoenoses of the Lena River valley as normal young populations. They were prevailed by juvenile, immature, virginile, and young reproductive plants