07.00.00 Historical sciences
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Description
The article deals with advocacy, organized with the help of publications by the Bolsheviks in the 20-ies of XX century in the Kuban. It is noted that the press has performed as one of the most important and effective means and played a huge role in the establishment of Soviet power in the Cossack region. The central agency of procurement and distribution of print "Centropechat" at the Central Executive Committee occupied the distribution of official media. It is stated that the content of propaganda and agitation conducted among the civilian population and in the army was determined, above all, as the military-political situation that prevailed in the 20-ies. It is shown that agitation and propaganda carried out by the military newspapers and magazines in difficult conditions and post wartime and the specific tasks were set before the Soviet propaganda organs. The conclusion is that a flexible system for the implementation of advocacy was created during this period. She assumed deepening cooperation and coordination of all the means of propaganda and agitation, which made the Soviet propaganda very successful and effective. The efforts of awareness-raising structures were aimed at creating political awareness and stimulating social activity of the population in this difficult time. The press acted as one of the most powerful tools used by the authorities to achieve the consolidation and integration of society that were the most relevant in the 20ies
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THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN 1918-1919 YY: POLITICAL REGIMES AND FORMS OF THEIR STATE ORGANIZATION
DescriptionThe article is devoted to process of the state development and emergence of new forms of the government in the region of the North Caucasus during the Civil War. The author tells how forms of a political system and the government in the region after October revolution of 1917 have changed. He analyzes the process of emergence of the new military-political modes and character of a state system in its various areas. In the article, the political background of appearance of new forms of statehood and power organization is also considered. The author equally investigates the forms of the state life created by Bolsheviks and their supporters, and the forms of their political opponents – representatives of the white, antiBolshevist movement. The author emphasizes that it was the period of disintegration of traditional Russian statehood and traditional forms of the organization of the political power in the region. New options of the state system which are directly connected with the crisis of the Russian society in 1917 y. came in the region to replace the old ones. In some cases, they represented rather non-standard forms of the organization of the government, including formation of the Soviet republics in the territory of the region, appearance of the ataman power and military dictatorships. On the one hand, they were based on ethnocultural specifics of regional life, and on the other hand they were defined by the crisis of the period of the Civil War
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AGITATION AND MASS FORMS OF ART IN THE 20-IES OF THE XX CENTURY IN RUSSIA
DescriptionThe article deals with the forms of agitation and mass art, the creation of which was authorized by the Bolsheviks in the 20ies of the XX century for effective advocacy activities. It is noted, that agitation and mass art is one of the most important and effective means of policies and has played a huge role in the establishment of Soviet power. Propaganda direction was manifested in the both of drawing and painting and was aimed at the formation of a new proletarian thinking in a socialist society. It is stated, that the content of works of art is determined, above all, by the military-political situation that prevailed in the 20-ies. It is shown, that in the works of art displayed figures of the new revolutionary themes, events and characters, but also significant presence of the image of the new man - working men and women, sailors, soldiers, peasants was traced. Festive decoration of cities and towns, from the capital to the smallest provincial towns was filled with agitation and propaganda content. The conclusion is that artistic and political design of squares, streets, public buildings should help to create a festive mood, increase employment, ideological and socio-political activity of the workers. In general, new forms of agitation and propaganda were created through art, by turning the novelty of content, depth of the emotional impact, thematic literacy and specificity for the necessary psychological mood of society during the study period
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SOURCES AND METHODS OF THEIR PROCESSING IN THE WORKS OF KHANGIREY
DescriptionThe article is devoted to source base of Khan-Girey works. Two types of the sources used by Khan-Girey are allocated: historical and historiographic. In its turn, historical sources are conditionally subdivided in written, material and sources of the oral origin. The relation of Khan-Girey to the problem of reliability of sources, the responsibility of authors on the provided data are considered. It is concluded, that in the works of Khan-Girey oral sources are predominant, all others, including historiographical, act as subsidaries. It is emphasized, that in this period there were only oral sources, came from the Adyghe environment, all the others were the evidences of other cultures. The relation of Khan-Girey to folklore as to a historical source is revealed. We have identified other types of oral sources, such as personal knowledge and KhanGirey memories, and eyewitness evidences. The analysis of the working methods of Khan-Girey with historiographical sources is carried out. At the end of the article, the conclusion is made that the source base of Khan-Girey works, for objective reasons, is limited, although the use of most sources, found by him, were confirmed in historiography
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Description
The article is devoted to the activities of the regional branch of all-Russian voluntary society for protection of monuments of history and culture (VOOLIK) in the territory of Adygheya. The studied problem has not been the subject of special study. The main source was archival dataб which were not included into scientific circulation. First, these are the minutes of the regional conferences of VOOPIK and the meetings of its regional branch. The article discusses the processes of creation and functioning of the society; we have determined the range of issues included in their competence and the most active members of the society, revealed the conditions for the establishment of primary organizations and the requirements for entering into society. The analysis of the reports of the regional conferences of VOOPIK and the meetings of the regional branch was allowed to identify specific activities conducted by the regional branch of VOOPIK, for the creation and preservation of the historical heritage of the Republic of Adygea
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF THE INFORMATIONAL SOCIETY AND CYBERSPACE
DescriptionThe modern informational technologies and the Internet as a part of them are changing our world. These changes are the reason for genesis of new theoretical concepts in the middle of XX century, which research the influence of informational technologies on spheres of social life. Step by step we developed different theoretical concepts of “Informational society”, which try to predict the prospects of society. We have formed a new term of “cyberspace”, but scientists still argue about its meaning. One part thinks that it has only “network” meaning, which means that cyberspace is only the Internet, another part understands this term more widely, include the hardware part in this term. In this article, the author analyzes different theoretical concepts which research the question of genesis and development of informational society, and the process of forming of the term of “cyberspace”, research of the process of transformation of “postindustrial society” into “informational society”, highlight the main ideas of informational society concepts
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Description
One of the actual directions of studying the history in modern world is the history of day-to-day life. Studying the industrial day-to-day life of builders on shock Komsomol building let us analyze their problems and the ways to solve them. The author gives the economic and political pre-conditions of organizing the patronage under the building of industrial objects on the South Ural. The concept “shock Komsomol building” and the classification of buildings are given. The main objects of Komsomol patronage which were situated on the territory of Orenburg area at that time are enumerated. The problems of women working at the building are viewed on the materials of Orenburg area. On the basis of archives the per cent ratio of youth and women working on the building is given. The industrial facts influencing on their socialization are examined. The main attention is given to the characteristics of industry, providing the builders with sanitary and domestic conditions of the objects and uniforms. The important aspect was also maintenance of safety measures on the building. The hard work of women who did not have the building education is stressed. The main spheres of professional employment of women on the building are enumerated
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PARTICIPATION OF KALMYK TRADE UNIONS IN ENSURING WORKERS’ LABOR PROTECTION
DescriptionIn the article, we can analyze the participation of Kalmik trade unions in ensuring workers’ labor protection and safety engineering in 1970-ies. The sources of the article base are the documents of National archive of the Kalmyk Republic. The analysis of the large documental material showed that in 1970ies the trade unions began to study deeper the question of making better the conditions of work, more often raised the questions of labor protection at the meetings of workers committees, drew the community to this work. Kalmik trade unions organizations paid serious attention to safety engineering and industry sanitation, achieved such condition that the workers were completely provided with overalls, means of individual protection, they demanded absolute mechanization of hard processes, fought for high culture of manufacture. In spite of trade-union organizations of the republic did definite work about putting in order in cause of fulfillment of labor laws, the situation did not change
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THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE KALMYK ASSR — THE SUPREME BODY OF THE STATE POWER OF THE REPUBLIC
DescriptionThis article deals with actual problems of the national structure of Kalmyk people in 1930-s years based on legislative documents and also problems of development and the adoption of the first Constitution of Kalmyk USDA (1937). The article focuses on the main features of this research. The adoption of the basic law of the Kalmyk republic was a big step in the social and political life in Kalmykia and in its constitutional history. This document included fundamental principles of the «constitution of proletariat government», peculiarities of Russian social class development, aims and objectives of national political structure in the Russian Federation. The basic law of the Kalmyk USDA was created on the basis of principles of the Constitution of the USSR and the Constitution of the RSFSR. The law secured social and government order of the Soviet Kalmykia. The procedure of governing and composition, the competence and authorities are disclosed and the work of the Supreme council of the Kalmyk USDA as the highest representative and legislative body in the context of the basic law of the Kalmyk republic. In the Constitution of the republic rights and freedom of nationals are fully reflected in accordance with the constitutional principles of the USSR. Finally the author concludes that in the administrative command system the basic features of rights and freedom of the peoples of the USSR in practice were not respected
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Description
The offered article considers one of key problems of the Soviet history. It is an activity of governing bodies of the national economy in the period of the New Economic Policy in separately taken region — the Republic of Kalmykia. As a result of a research it is shown how archival materials and separate types of sources are used in studying of the designated problems, how the revealed sources interact between themselves in research works. The publication of new archival documents and their variety demonstrate that the new milestone begins in studying problems of governing bodies. It is connected not so much with specific updating of documents as with change of a technique of the analysis. The main attention begins to be paid to subjective factors and circumstances. In this regard further development of source base in studying of system of governing bodies in Kalmykia will be defined by modern ideas of the place and a role of the historical document in understanding of the past