06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents results of studies on the intraspecific structure of the population of blast causative agent using sets of tester varieties from International Rice Research Institute - IRRI. The differentiation of the fungus population on tester varieties is the most progressive, since it allows one to determine the virulence genotypes of races of pathogens and identify the resistance genes of rice plants effective for them. The work has studied the diversity of blast causative agent in released rice varieties by morphological and cultural traits. Currently, in the world, the resistance of rice plants to blast is becoming one of the important indicators of the competitiveness of varieties. The basis for the successful rice breeding for resistance to blast is the availability of source material with a fairly wide spectrum and a high level of resistance. Resistance donors are selected based on the identification of genes that control this trait in rice
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THE HISTORY OF LILAC (SYRINGA VULGARIS) INTRODUCTION IN SIBERIA
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionTo create the collection of Syringa vulgaris L. cultivars, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS) has received from Dr. Z.I. Luchnik green cuttings of 30 cultivars of domestic and foreign selection from the collection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko, Barnaul (Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology – FASCA now). Currently, the collection of Syringa vulgaris in CSBG SB RAS has 26 cultivars of 116 tested ones, most resistant to the conditions of Novosibirsk city. The base of CSBG SB RAS’ collection forms 22 cultivars got from Z. I. Luchnik. Descriptions of 3 rare of common lilac cultivars ‘Altaiyskaya rozovaja’, ‘Dafna’ and ‘Kruzhevnitsa’ by Siberian selection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko from the collection of CSBS SB RAS are given. Lilac's cultivars from the collection of the CSBG were transferred in the collections of the "Kuzbass Botanical Garden", of the Human Ecology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kemerovo), to the Botanical Garden of Irkutsk State University, as well as to the Botanical Gardens of Greater Nansi and the University of Lorraine (France). Our introduced cultivars were planted in the Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Chaoyang (Liaoning Province, China)
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionA significant decrease in yields of field crops due to lack of moisture enhances the role of adaptive breeding. The development of varieties that combine high productivity and quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is complicated by a negative correlation between high yield and resistance to adverse conditions. Selection of effective methods for assessing the potential of productivity and resistance to stress factors allows creating varieties that provide stable high yields. We had estimated six varieties of common mustard for 10 years in contrasting weather conditions in the zone of insufficient and unstable moisture of the Azov district in the Rostov region. The necessity of taking into account the indicators of the HTC, the index of the environment and its value when conducting an objective analysis of weather conditions is revealed. The greatest stress resistance, ecological plasticity and stability of the Nika variety were established by calculating the difference between the minimum and maximum yield per year, calculating the coefficient of linear regression and the value of homeostasis. The varieties Lera, Donskaya 8, Lux bred in conditions of insufficient moisture demonstrated maximum genetic flexibility and drought resistance. The greatest breeding value was determined in varieties Donskaya 8 and Lera. These varieties are recommended to be included in further breeding work. The study of mustard varieties in contrast conditions (HTC from 0.30 to 1.53) marked their broad environmental plasticity, which makes it possible to recommend them for cultivation in different weather conditions regions