06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
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THE HISTORY OF LILAC (SYRINGA VULGARIS) INTRODUCTION IN SIBERIA
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionTo create the collection of Syringa vulgaris L. cultivars, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS) has received from Dr. Z.I. Luchnik green cuttings of 30 cultivars of domestic and foreign selection from the collection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko, Barnaul (Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology – FASCA now). Currently, the collection of Syringa vulgaris in CSBG SB RAS has 26 cultivars of 116 tested ones, most resistant to the conditions of Novosibirsk city. The base of CSBG SB RAS’ collection forms 22 cultivars got from Z. I. Luchnik. Descriptions of 3 rare of common lilac cultivars ‘Altaiyskaya rozovaja’, ‘Dafna’ and ‘Kruzhevnitsa’ by Siberian selection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko from the collection of CSBS SB RAS are given. Lilac's cultivars from the collection of the CSBG were transferred in the collections of the "Kuzbass Botanical Garden", of the Human Ecology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kemerovo), to the Botanical Garden of Irkutsk State University, as well as to the Botanical Gardens of Greater Nansi and the University of Lorraine (France). Our introduced cultivars were planted in the Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Chaoyang (Liaoning Province, China)
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents results of studies on the intraspecific structure of the population of blast causative agent using sets of tester varieties from International Rice Research Institute - IRRI. The differentiation of the fungus population on tester varieties is the most progressive, since it allows one to determine the virulence genotypes of races of pathogens and identify the resistance genes of rice plants effective for them. The work has studied the diversity of blast causative agent in released rice varieties by morphological and cultural traits. Currently, in the world, the resistance of rice plants to blast is becoming one of the important indicators of the competitiveness of varieties. The basis for the successful rice breeding for resistance to blast is the availability of source material with a fairly wide spectrum and a high level of resistance. Resistance donors are selected based on the identification of genes that control this trait in rice
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TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF N. I. VAVILOV’S RULE ON HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description100 years ago, on June 4, 1920, 32-year-old Professor of the Saratov University Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943) first reported at the III all-Russian selection Congress at the University of Saratov on his discovery of homological series in the study of parallelisms in the phenomena of hereditary variability by analogy with homological series of organic compounds. This discovery in genetics received the rank of law, the only one after the laws of G. Mendel. This major study was a further development of the genetic idea of C. Darwin on the origin of species. It showed the ways in which close species and genera of plants have a parallel formative process, because the crucial in the process of evolutionary development of living organisms – first of all, their genetic features. In cases where the development of a trait requires the joint and consistent action of many genes, the occurrence of homological series is inevitable, and this does not contradict the random variability of C. Darwin. In addition to its great genetic significance as a law of evolution, the law of homological series in hereditary variability is of great importance for botanists, plant breeders and breeders: it not only determines the place of each form in the plant world, but can also indicate to the breeder possible directions in his practical work. According to a number of geneticists and breeders, if G. Mendel discovered the rules of heredity, then N. I. Vavilov discovered the rules of variability