06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of pollen grains in different types and varieties of wheat and triticale selection by "National Grain Centre named after P.P. Lukyanenko". The varieties of winter soft wheat in the experiment were ranked by the length of the growing season, the height of plants and the level of frost resistance. In the analysis of the source material, the following characteristics were used as indicators: the shape, color, and size of pollen grains. In the course of research, no differences in shape and color were found, they differed only in size. According to the results of two years of study, it was found that the pollen of winter and spring triticale is much larger than that of various types of wheat. In ultra-ripe varieties, pollen grains are smaller (66.2 microns) than in varieties of other maturity groups. Semi-dwarf varieties (with two Rht dwarfism genes) form the largest pollen (70.1 microns).Winter wheat varieties with high frost resistance produce the smallest pollen grains
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PROMISING HYBRID FORMS OF ANEMONE CORONARIA
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article provides the results of hybrid forms studies and their control cultivars for several years of research. The phenological phases of Anemone coronaria experimental plants were studied during the autumn planting of tubers (October - November), biometric measurements were carried out. On average, seedlings in the control cultivars appeared after 5.6 weeks, and in hybrids – after 4.8 weeks. This period in the researched hybrid forms was shorter on 12% than in the control cultivars. The phase “from seedling emergence to flowering” was longer in the following hybrid forms: A-10-1 (for 7 days), M-3-97 (for 5 days), than in the control cultivars. The earliest flowering was observed in the M-4-98 hybrid form (March, 23), and at the latest - in the M-3-97 hybrid form (April, 4). The flower diameter in the A-10-1 hybrid form is 31.1% larger, than its control cultivar, in the G-13-133 hybrid form - 27.1% more, in the hybrid form M-3-97 - 13.6% more, and the hybrid M-4-98 - 18.8% more. The flowering time of hybrid forms is 63 days (9 weeks), and their control cultivars - 51 days (7.3 weeks). The vegetation period of the investigate plants was not exceed 174 days. Vegetation of the hybrid forms A-10-1, M-3-97, and M-4-98 lasted 32, 23, and 14 days longer than in their control cultivars
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe purpose of the work was to test the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with North-Caucasus brown rust to identify its harmfulness. There was carried out a two-stage testing on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties that differed in their resistance to the pathogen. As a result, there has been identified high brown rust harmfulness in susceptible varieties, which led to a yield decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the maximum infected varieties, there has been identified the most tolerant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when damaged to 100%, had a minimum yield decrease (less than 10.6%). The poorly susceptible to brown rust varieties reduced their yields from 11.2% to 20.7%. Among them, the variety ‘Spartak’ showed lower rates of a yield decline. Among the five varieties that showed an average brown rust affection, there have been noted various indicators of a yield decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ showed a minimum decrease of a yield and its structural elements under the conditions of artificial infection with brown rust; and together with the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ can be classed to the varieties tolerant to brown rust. When predicting brown rust epiphytoty the susceptible and medium-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides