06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents results of studies on the intraspecific structure of the population of blast causative agent using sets of tester varieties from International Rice Research Institute - IRRI. The differentiation of the fungus population on tester varieties is the most progressive, since it allows one to determine the virulence genotypes of races of pathogens and identify the resistance genes of rice plants effective for them. The work has studied the diversity of blast causative agent in released rice varieties by morphological and cultural traits. Currently, in the world, the resistance of rice plants to blast is becoming one of the important indicators of the competitiveness of varieties. The basis for the successful rice breeding for resistance to blast is the availability of source material with a fairly wide spectrum and a high level of resistance. Resistance donors are selected based on the identification of genes that control this trait in rice
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe purpose of the work was to test the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with North-Caucasus brown rust to identify its harmfulness. There was carried out a two-stage testing on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties that differed in their resistance to the pathogen. As a result, there has been identified high brown rust harmfulness in susceptible varieties, which led to a yield decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the maximum infected varieties, there has been identified the most tolerant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when damaged to 100%, had a minimum yield decrease (less than 10.6%). The poorly susceptible to brown rust varieties reduced their yields from 11.2% to 20.7%. Among them, the variety ‘Spartak’ showed lower rates of a yield decline. Among the five varieties that showed an average brown rust affection, there have been noted various indicators of a yield decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ showed a minimum decrease of a yield and its structural elements under the conditions of artificial infection with brown rust; and together with the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ can be classed to the varieties tolerant to brown rust. When predicting brown rust epiphytoty the susceptible and medium-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe review article describes the role of tomato gene mutations in the creation of new cultivars and hybrids suitable for mechanized harvesting. The work gives characteristic of different genes associated with morphological characteristics of tomato plants, types of fruit (flower) brush and peduncle. The genes controlling the shape and size of the fruit, its resistance to cracking and mechanical effects are noted, the value of these genes for the breeding of machine cultivars and hybrids is shown. The article emphasizes the need to create new cultivars and hybrids of tomato suitable for mechanized harvesting with high quality fruits, evenly colored, without green spots at the base, corresponding to the basic requirements of the processing industry. The figures illustrate gene mutants that are of the greatest interest for the breeding of cultivars, suitable for mechanized harvesting