№ 105(1), January, 2015
Public date: 30.01.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 64, 130 kb
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn the article, we have suggested a general mathematical model of non-stationary and non-isothermal process of a binary electrolyte transfer in dilute solutions in an electro-membrane system (EMS), taking into account the joint action of gravitational convection, forced convection and electro convection in potential dynamic mode. This model is a boundary problem for a system of two-dimensional quasi-linear Navier-Stokes equation and Nernst-Planck-Poisson in partial derivatives equation. We have developed a theory of similarity of the process of heat and mass transfer in electro-membrane systems, specifically, in a desalting channel of electro dialysis apparatus, taking into account joint actions of concentration polarization, space charge, gravity convection, forced convection and electro convection. It is shown that the criterion of electro convection does not directly depend on the initial concentration, and, therefore, electro convection occurs at any initial concentration. At the same time, the criterion of concentration convection linearly dependents on the initial concentration, and, therefore, at high concentrations, concentration convection prevails, while at lower concentrations, the role of gravitational convection begins to fall whereas the role of electro convection increases. The theory of similarity of the process of heat and mass transfer in the desalting channel of electro dialysis apparatus built in this work taking into account the joint action of concentration polarization, space charge, gravity convection, forced convection and electro convection is important for engineering calculations, for scaling the results of experiments in an electro-membrane cell for industrial electro dialysis water desalting apparatus
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PEAR AS A SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR PRODUCTS OF FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBiochemical quantitative and qualitative indices of pear fruit have been investigated in six varieties of pears grown in Prikybanskoy horticultural zone of the Krasnodar region. The investigation has been done with pear fruit in the stage of maturity for harvesting and after 90 days after storage in refrigerator. Quantitative content of dry matter, sugars, vitamins C and P and fraction pectin content in fruits and squeezing of fruits as well as changes in the process of storage have been established
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THE LEGACY OF THE CREATORS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article shows the role of famous scientists, academician Ivan T. Trubilin and professor Viktor V. Eroshkin in the organization of agricultural science in our region who have shown outstanding leaders of the largest agricultural University in the country, managed to organize and direct the work of a large group on the improvement of quality of preparation of specialists of agriculture, the solution of urgent scientific problems of the agroindustrial complex development. Under the leadership of the rector Ivan Trubilin, the science in the Kuban State Agrarian University (KubSAU ) has risen to a new level. The research was conducted on the plan of scientific-research work of University, Federal and regional scientific and technical programs. In their implementation, there were involved professors, teachers, researchers, doctoral students, post-graduate students. His scientific works and research on the development of scientific problems to improve economic efficiency and organizational forms of agricultural production are being continued and developed by the scientists of KubSAU. For many years, V. Eroshkin as a brilliant scientist worked together with academician I. Trubilin like his companion and the assistant in science. He has published more than 100 scientific works. The most important ones were: "Economic efficiency of oilseeds cultivation ", "Oilseeds in virgin areas", "Сalculation of crops acreage on the bases of perspective plan for the development of collective farms", "Principles of labor scientific organization", "Intensive tractors use and lowering work technical cost in collective farms". Under his leadership, dozens of dissertations were approved. His lectures were always marked with originality and accessibility and his ideas were easily perceived by students. All who knew and worked together with academician I. Trubilin and professor V. Eroshkin, will always remain these dedicated scientists, who were strictly following the principles of academic science
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PROBABILITY MODELS FOR OBTAINING NON-NUMERICAL DATA
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe statistics of objects of non-numerical nature (statistics of non-numerical objects, non-numerical data statistics, non-numeric statistics) is the area of mathematical statistics, devoted to the analysis methods of non-numeric data. Basis of applying the results of mathematical statistics are probabilistic-statistical models of real phenomena and processes, the most important (and often only) which are models for obtaining data. The simplest example of a model for obtaining data is the model of the sample as a set of independent identically distributed random variables. In this article we have considered the basic probabilistic models for obtaining non-numeric data. Namely, the models of dichotomous data, results of paired comparisons, binary relations, ranks, the objects of general nature. We have discussed the various options of probabilistic models and their practical use. For example, the basic probabilistic model of dichotomous data - Bernoulli vector (Lucian) i.e. final sequence of independent Bernoulli trials, for which the probabilities of success may be different. The mathematical tools of solutions of various statistical problems associated with the Bernoulli vectors are useful for the analysis of random tolerances; random sets with independent elements; in processing the results of independent pairwise comparisons; statistical methods for analyzing the accuracy and stability of technological processes; in the analysis and synthesis of statistical quality control plans (for dichotomous characteristics); the processing of marketing and sociological questionnaires (with closed questions like "yes" - "no"); the processing of socio-psychological and medical data, in particular, the responses to psychological tests such as MMPI (used in particular in the problems of human resource management), and analysis of topographic maps (used for the analysis and prediction of the affected areas for technological disasters, distributing corrosion, propagation environmentally harmful pollutants, various diseases (including myocardial infarction), in other situations), etc.
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn practical use of methods of applied statistics we do not apply separate methods for describing data, estimation, testing hypotheses, but we must use deployed whole procedures - the so-called "statistical technology". The concept of "statistical technology" is similar to the concept of "technological process" in the theory and practice of organization of production. It is quite natural that some statistical technology can better meet the needs of the researcher (user, statistics) than others, some - are modern, and others - outdated, some properties are studied, and the others - no. It is important to stress that a qualified and efficient use of statistical methods - this is not one single statistical hypothesis testing and estimation of characteristics or parameters of a given distribution from fixed family. This kind of operations - only the individual building blocks that make up the statistical technology. The procedure of the statistical data analysis - is an information process, in other words, one or other information technology. Statistical information is subject to a variety of operations (series, parallel, or more complex schemes). In this article we discuss statistical technologies and the problem of "docking" algorithms. We introduce the concept of "high statistical technologies" and then we prove the necessity of their development and application. As the examples we have given the researches of Institute of high statistical technologies and econometrics of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. We have also considered a number of education problems in domain of high statistical technologies
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Description
The article is dedicated to the features of the correlations between the indicators of shoot and root growth ability of grape cuttings varieties of Moldova and Vostorg of different lengths, under the influence of the processing them with Norwegian growth regulator - Radix plus. We have found that in the control variants on both varieties there are fairly close correlation connections between the number of shoots, their length and the degree of blooming buds. However, in the advanced options the character of the relationship between these parameters depends on the varietal characteristics manifested in the potential root activity cuttings. For Moldova cuttings which are characterized by high root activity, the use of Radix plus led to some strengthening of the correlations, and for Vostorg (with the weak activity of rooting of cuttings) - to decreasing of the correlations. This fact may indicate that the negative effects of growth regulators on the activity of endogenous hormones in the cuttings of Vostorg varieties, which explains the decrease of rooting of longer cuttings. Processing the cuttings of Moldova with Radix plus led to increasing in the frequency and extension of the correlations between shoot and root growth ability of cuttings. For Vostorg, on the contrary, the use of Radix plus led to the weakening of these connections. The reason for this phenomenon, as is the case with figures of shoot growth ability may be a change in the activity of the endogenous phytohormone influenced by exogenous auxin. Character of correlations identified between indicators of root growth ability of cuttings shows that rooting depends primarily on the hormonal activity of cuttings, number of roots - on cuttings plastic substances, and the yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more - on both of these points
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CREATING THE LOW BUDGET INTENSIVE APPLE ORCHARDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of foothill soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Dagestan we have explored the creation of low-cost intensive apple orchards. This work was initiated by the authors in 2011 due to the Republic "Horticulture Development Program for 2011-2016", according to which, it was planned to plant 6,200 hectares of new gardens. However, the experience of gardening in the Republic, taking into account recently prevailing socio-economic relations, subsidized nature of the economic and a chronic lack of funds, shows the riskiness of the creation of high-tech pillar-dwarf plants with the cost of 1-1,5 million rubles per hectare. Inability to overcome quickly the existing problems in the development of the industry sharp gardening at this stage, forced us to seek a way in a single direction - reducing the cost of the creation of apple orchards, while maintaining their high economic efficiency. Theoretical studies were realized as a planting of the apple garden in the district of Karabudakhkent of Dagestan of four perspective late-ripening varieties on the medium growing rootstock in the spring of 2013. The results of the three years of scientific research were embodied in the creation of intensive apple garden on the medium growing rootstock which allow now to make the following preliminary conclusions: 1.It is possible here in Dagestan to create intensive apple orchards, with an estimated yield of 30-40 tons per hectare, on the medium growing rootstock already at a density of 666 trees per hectare. 2. Cost of such a garden, without compromising quality indicators, can be reduced in the current market price of labor and the necessary materials, up to 214 thousand rubles per hectare, with access to the full return of all costs in the seventh year of operation. Such intensive garden, according to common practice, during the period of operation is able to give at least 22 full-weighty harvests and provide a net profit about 6.6 million rubles per hectare, or 236,000 rubles per hectare per year for the entire period of alienation of the land for a garden
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COMPOSITION OF THE CLUSTERS ANDBIOCHEMISTRY OF FLORA, NIZINA AND ANYUTA TABLE GRAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the characteristics of the mechanical composition of clusters, the chemical composition of grape juice and fresh grapes and wine tasting evaluation of three varieties of table. We have identified the following uvologic indicators of clusters of cultivars Flora, Nisina and Anyuta: structure - 90.0; 91.5; 87.3; addition - 8.0; 6.6; 10.8; structural - 6.4; 5.4; 8.1; berries - 17.6; 15.0; 10.4. In the studied berries of grape varieties the mass concentrations of sugars and titratable acids were in the range 18,1-23,5 and 0,73-0,78 g/100 cm3 respectively. The combination of sweetness and acidity causes high taste properties of grapes. In grape berries of Flora and Nizina the concentration of fructose was two times more than glucose. Differences in the content wine, malic, lemon and succinic acids in berries varieties of Flora and Nizina were insignificant. In the berries of Anyuta variety, the concentration of lemon and succinic acids was more, malic was less than other varieties. Most of the studied varieties of berries contain malic and wine acids. More of cations of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium then in other varieties and it contain less than Anyuta berries. The difference in the content of various cations in the berries of varieties of Flora and Nizina is negligible. Tasting score of fresh grape of Flora variety was 7.0, Nisina - 7.8 and Aniyta - 7.6 points
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ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND EXTERIOR MAINTENANCE OF YOUNG CATTLE IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the Krasnodar region there is a unique gene pool of animals both for dairy and meat. To assess the heifers the authors formed five experimental groups of animals, the most common species in the region. The authors studied the main economic, biological and exterior features: live weight, measurements, assessment of the exterior. The studies found that among intensive species with the largest body weight throughout the growing period, in 8-month old Charolais heifers superior Simmental ones at 17.4 kg. In one year old Simmental heifers were 9.2 kg (R˂0,05) ahead of Charolais and in 15 months – 10 kg (R˂0,05). Over the entire period of growth the highest rates of relative growth rates of heifers were obtained by red steppe breed type named Kuban, which had an advantage over the Aberdeen-Angus – 19.1%, Charolais – 5.6%, Hereford – 6.2%, and the difference between them and Simmental weren’t fixed. When growing, the animals become less tall, more stretched, wide and massive. We have noted that during the period of cultivation we had increased indices: stretch (9% – Red Steppe, 13.8% – Charolais, 16.1% – Hereford); chest (5.4% Aberdeen Angus). This reduces the index of long legs of red steppe – 5.6%, 10.9% for Charolais. The study of linear growth of animals confirms that the animal meat breeds of live weight increase was due to the extension of the body and increase the width of the pelvis and chest. Some different facts were observed in heifers of Red Steppe breed. For them, the most characteristic increase in the width of the chest was 1.44 times, as well as increasing the depth of the chest and chest girth behind the shoulders
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this article we propose a method of determining the share or the significance (weight) of indicators of Beaver and risks R in the portfolio formed by these parameters allowing us to minimize the mean square error evaluating the effectiveness of the portfolio (risk) in the assessment of the financial condition of the companies investigated. The proposed method is the minimization of a quadratic form in variables satisfying lengthy conditions, i.e. the quadratic programming. This technique is implemented using four methods of optimization: analytical method, using built-in function minimization block given, the penalty function method and the gradient method. More so, this technique allows, as shown by the results of the computational experiments, the expert without routine statistical data processing to obtain additional information on the credit worthiness of the investigated enterprise and make a more informed conclusion about its financial condition, which speeds up the decision on granting a loan required by a company. Based on the techniques proposed in this paper, other techniques of assessing the creditworthiness of businesses may be constructed using the results of optimization theory based on well-established applied research methods: Method of evaluating the creditworthiness of Russia, Credit scoring method, the American method, method of Altman and others