№ 109(5), May, 2015
Public date: 29.05.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 88, 161 kb
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GENERAL SEMANTICS OF A. KORZYBSKI AS A TEACHING METHOD OF "AWARE OF ABSTRACTION"
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the well-known American logician and teacher A. Korzybski, the activity of which was aimed at enhancing the human psyche in the direction of non-identification and non-elementalizm. He called the proposed section of the science of General semantics, and later he created Institute of General semantics in the United States. Scientists believe that human consciousness is limited by the capability of the nervous system and by the use of language. Korzybski supposed his pedagogical purpose to teach people to improve the awareness of abstraction, the ability to see the structure, not only empirical fact. To distinguish between the structures of abstraction it introduces the concept of «map» - a diagram model, any ideological system, all that is formulated people. Korzybski denies the law of identity, which is a global challenge to the laws of thinking: «Whatever you say the thing is, it isn’t». He uses this idea not as a universal code, but as a teaching method for people able to find the way to think under conditions of uncertainty and probability. It is so called «modus operandi» for changing people’s way of thinking. In his work, Science and Sanity, he presents his technique; develop an understanding of his «non-aristotelian» system, which includes the incertainty, nonlocality, nonlinearity, the dependence of the environment. In this regard, it offers every statement be considered as a probability. So every statement must be considered as a probabilistic statement. A. Korzybsky and some modern scientists see the permanent uncertainty not like a problem but a tremendous opportunity for creation and research. In «non-aristotelian» Korzybsky’s theory we have to see the opportunity as the first reality and personal activity as the best language
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the possibilities of using organic fertilizers, which allow you to recharge grape raw material with biologically active substances and improve the nutritional value of wine production. The influence of organic fertilizers on activation of process for detoxification of soil toxic compounds has been measured, ensuring food safety of raw materials for the production of grape wine products by reducing of hazardous chemicals. The use of biotechnology preserves and also enhances the uniqueness and diversity of the chemical composition of the grape raw material. We have established that after the four-year application of biotechnology the content of toxic compounds in grape raw material was reduced by 7%, and the concentration of biologically active substances increased in 1,5-2% times in comparison with the production of commercial plantations
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EXITATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, NUCLEAR REACTION AND PARTICLES DECAY BY THE ACCELERATION
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the excitation of electromagnetic radiation, nuclear reactions and decays of particles by the acceleration of charges, atomic nuclei and the macroscopic volumes of matter. The motion of charged particles in a magnetic trap used for plasma confinement was computed. We propose a model of the electromagnetic radiation of a charge moving in a non-inertial reference frame in general relativity. We have also constructed a theory of perturbation with using a wave equation with small parameters, taking into account a characteristic radius of the trajectory of the electrons as they move in a magnetic field. It was found that in the first approximation, the radiation back-reaction force depends on the acceleration of the charge. For the simulating of processes in hadrons and nuclei we used Yang-Mills theory and the metric, describes the acceleration and rotating reference frame in general relativity. We consider the scalar glueball model for an arbitrary dependence of acceleration and angular velocity of the system on time. The numerical model of wave propagation in non-inertial reference frame for the geometry of system of one, two or three spatial dimensions was tested. In the numerical experiments shown that the acceleration of the system leads to instability, leading to an unlimited increase in the amplitude of waves, which is interpreted as a decay of system. It was found that there are critical values of acceleration above which the instability develops
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Description
The research of ethnic composition of the nobility of the Northern Caucasus is carried out in the article on the basis of statistical sources. The author calculated the results of the First General census of the Russian Empire in the Kuban, Stavropol and the Terek regions of 1897 y. It is shown that the ethnic composition of the upper classes was different in regions. The analysis of the results of the census of 1897 shows that in the Kuban region the most numerous language groups were Russian (77%), Polish (7,1%), Circassian (5.8 percent) ones. The ratio of language groups was not the same in the towns and villages. It is noted that in Stavropol province the dominance of Russians was significant compared with Kuban region. They accounted for 86.8% among the hereditary nobility of the province and among personal they accounted for 94%. The second place among the nobility of the province was occupied by the poles: the hereditary nobility was accounted for 7.7 %, personal nobility was accounted for 2.1%. Moreover, a significant proportion of them lived in urban areas. The national composition of the nobility in the Terek region is considered, it is shown that the Russian nobility prevailed in all administrative units: among hereditary – 73.1 %, among the personal – 77,7%. The second place belonged to the poles (9,25%). Produced calculations show that the most numerous from other language groups of the hereditary nobility were Ossetian (3,76%), Armenian (2,54%), Georgian (2,87%), Kumyk (2,01%), Chechen (0,92%), German (1,57%), Circassian (0,92%) ones. The nobility of the Northern Caucasus was multinational; it can be explained by historical condition of the formation of the indigenous population, as well as increased influx of immigrants in the post-reform period from various provinces of Russia
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METHODS OF EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-TECH PROJECTORIENTED COMPANIES
DescriptionThe subject of the research is a complex of high-tech manufacturing companies integrated and functioning in the form of project-oriented companies that are complex dynamic systems with increased efficiency due to changes in its structure and functions, institutional adaptation or use of project management techniques and optimization. The article reveals peculiarities of assessment methods financial performance knowledge-based project-oriented businesses, the main of which is that companies consider their activities as separate independent projects, which have their cost centers and profit. The author's solution to the problem of choosing the optimal investment project among several possible within the framework of the investment program or portfolio of projects, which can be mutually independent of each other, or mutually interdependent. The aim of the work is to study the possibilities and prospects of organizational and economic mechanisms for the use of project campaign for the effective management of knowledge-based enterprises that will quickly adopt new technologies and create optimal production structure. The results will be useful for the public authorities responsible for the development of high-tech industries as well as public and private companies wishing to profitably participate in the implementation of major innovative projects and programs. In the course of the study suggested methods for evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech project-oriented businesses, allowing them to identify the main advantages and disadvantages in meeting their specific production problems
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METHODS OF ASSESSING THE COMPETENCE OF EXPERTS
DescriptionThe article is devoted to an actual problem: increasing of reliability of expert estimates, due to attraction in group of the most competent experts for carrying out examination. The analysis of application of expert estimation in the field of operation of corporate and telecommunication networks is provided in the article. The technique of an assessment of competence of experts is offered. When assessing the competence of experts the following factors were considered: specialization of the expert, an experience and experience of its work in the field, scientific qualification, existence of scientific works on a perspective of carrying out examination. For identification of a priority of factors at determination of competence of experts it is offered to use a method of the analysis of hierarchies. The necessary number of experts for carrying out examination of objects is defined on the basis of application of the statistical analysis
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Description
The article analyzes intellectual methods of image comparison. We give a brief description of existing methods: metric, topological and stochastic designed to solve this problem, indicating their advantages and disadvantages. This method is based on comparing of images by means of separation of the given domain into segments and calculation of pixels having certain optical density. The illustration example is presented. A computer program was created to use this method. The value of the segment is given by the operator with following limits: more than 3 single pixels and less than half of chosen square of image. The program makes up a segmental matrix of the image, which is compared in some interval of time to the current matrix. This method is used for interval monitoring of objects from the same point of observation
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MEASURES TO COUNTER THE LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) OF INCOME FROM CRIME
DescriptionIllegal actions of economic orientation pose a serious threat to the economic security of the state, as are latent crimes. This article discusses the complex and urgent problem associated with increased measures for combating money laundering or other property acquired by criminal means. From a legal point of view, legalization is making ownership, use and disposal of such funds or other assets by financial transactions or other transactions. From the perspective of the real economy legalization is associated with the receipt of previously unrecorded funds in the legal economy. As the results of the study of the practice of criminal responsibility under Art. 174 of the Criminal Code, the main sources of illegal proceeds are theft, illegal use of natural resources, tax evasion and customs duties, illegal sale of illicit trafficking of goods, criminal acts of corruption, and others. From this we can conclude that the main direction of strengthening control over the legalization of proceeds from crime is to prevent the emergence of centers of capital legalization. To this end, the article analyzes the changes of international and domestic legislation in the field of anti-money laundering. We have added specific measures to stop this type of criminal acts aimed at strengthening the control of the authorized state bodies, including in relation to natural and legal persons participating in the capital of foreign entities
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LINGUOPRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF KINEME VERBAL REPRESENTATION IN FICTION LANGUAGE
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionIn this article the linguistic-pragmatic problems of kineme verbal representation in literary text space are examined. The authors interpret the concepts of "speech act illocutionary force" and "performative utterance", which are becoming more widespread within the frame of pragmatic theory, speech act theory being the very core of it. The authors emphasize the kinemes which are used attended by verbal utterance. First, they complement verbal part, serving as speech act illocutionary force marker. Secondly, kinemes duplicate verbal utterance information and together with verbal part of the utterance create speech act illocutionary force. The authors draw special attention to non-verbal kinemes as they carry the entire "message", serving as speech act illocutionary goal markers. In addition, kinemes as any other signs undergo alterations under social and economic, cultural conditions and convey culture-specific and universal concepts of Russian and French kinesics systems. These characteristics are foregrounded in cross-cultural communication, in connection with complexity of denotation object construal and sign-oriented similarity establishment
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article contains information about landscape architecture analysis of the cities, its methodology and an example of using of this approach on the part of the Red Line touristic rote in Yekaterinburg. Analysis process included counting of ratio of built-up areas, landscaping and roads, and examination of the street transvers profile with further filling of local landscape passports. As the object of study, the part of route between the opera and ballet theatre and the monument of V. Vysotsky and M. Vlady. Here is noticeable contrast between environmental characteristics of stopping point areas. The site around the theatre has enough quantity of landscaping, good compositional solution, well developed path network. The intermediate part of the route passing by Krasnoarmeyskaya st. has asymmetric shape of the transvers profile. The street landscaped on East side but public services on the opposite side not improved – homogeneous facade creates adverse visual field here. A sidewalk on the East part of the street duplicated with a path in a garden. Analyzed zone around the second point has no single composition, high traffic influence level. Landscaping almost not presented here, varied advertising constructions widely installed. For improve environment, developed a list of recommendations. It contain using of container plants to separate pedestrian area; reconstruction of the East part of Krasnoarmeyskaya st. with replace sidewalk for green hedge; repair or replacement of sidewalk asphalt pavement on the West side of the street; reconstruction of area near the Antey business-center with creating greened dividing line