№ 110(6), June, 2015
Public date: 30.06.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 121, 265 kb
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THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA
DescriptionIn statistical reporting, the distribution of agricultural land by the farm land users has been given in great detail – for all organizational-legal types of users. Farms and individual entrepreneurs, as well as private households, collective and individual gardeners and gardeners are considered as a separate line. At the same time, the number of livestock and production of livestock products is given only in three groups of land users: agricultural organizations, population farms and the peasant (farmer) economy. To objectively determine the effectiveness of the use of land resources, the authors propose the above legal group to combine the two: the first group – agricultural organizations, population farms, including households; the second group – (peasant) farms and individual entrepreneurs, as the conversion of the first into the second is not yet complete. This approach to analysis will allow to determine more reasonably (objectively) the effectiveness of farmland use in the enterprises of various organizational-legal management forms, as high rates of livestock production in private farms are received not only by its own land, but at the expense of lands of agricultural organizations in which they work. Analysis of cattle and poultry meat production in live weight, of milk in net weight showed that in agricultural enterprises and private farms average production per 100 ha of agricultural lands compared to private (peasant) farms and individual entrepreneurs for 2011-2013 was: of cattle and poultry meat – 31.2 times as much, of milk –14.6 times as much, provided that the latter is 23,7 % of agricultural lands of the Republic. For the analyzed period the average data for 2011-2013 compared to 2008-2010 year on meat increased by 57.7 per cent, of milk – 6.7%. This suggests that there are still significant growth reserves through better use of farmland in the peasant farms and farms of individual entrepreneurs
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EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD LOW FREQUENCIES IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF DRYING MANGOES AND PAPAYAS
DescriptionThe intensity of drying process depends on the speed of movement of the moisture inside the object and the speed of its removal from the surface. To accelerate the drying process, temperature gradient is often regulated, which causes large power consumption. Currently, they are different methods in used for intensifying the process of drying of plant material which are physical, mechanical, chemical and electrical method. Data of literature review show a lack of data on the impact of synergies of lower frequency on the efficiency of drying plant material. Accelerating the drying process of fruit can be achieved by combining low – temperature of drying with a synergistic lower frequency of electromagnetic field. The results of the studies on the development of technologies to accelerate the drying process of mango and papaya fruit are presented in this article. The role of the electromagnetic field, on the intensification of the drying process and on the inhibition of the microflora of mango and papaya, during drying is studied. Effect of the synergistic electromagnetic fields of different frequencies leading to the death of microorganisms, as well as the drying rate of mango and papaya fruit is analyzed. The optimal technological parameters of low frequency electromagnetic field on drying of mango and papaya fruit are determined. Biochemical changes of mango and papaya fruit during drying are given. Technological parameters of the powder mango and papaya obtained by combining low temperature treatment with the synergy of low frequencies are described
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Description
The article is devoted to the gradual development of an information system for automated distribution of applications, the development of the necessary organizational diagrams, decomposition charts, as well as constraints the design stage. With the help of a program complex, the request from the client is submitted to the Deputy Director for production, which makes the decision about treatment (accepts or cancels the request). Also via software package, the application is sent to the Deputy Director for the status of implementation, as well as the Director, the chief accountant and the client. Each Department has the ability to contact the Deputy Director for operations for the consultation when a problem occurs with the implementation of the application. After obtaining the status of completed applications in the software package, the chief accountant reports to the Director. A set of methods and techniques of organization of information processes in production systems which allow the selection and the use of an information technology solution for the synthesis of knowledge about the work situation is the content of the concept of formation of information resource management for system knowledge-intensive production. Management system information space manufacturing organizations are formed in a specific environment, which is characterized as an information resource management system – a system of organization of internal and external flows of information, as well as methods and tools for searching, processing and distribution of information in the organization
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ENERGY-LOADING OF DISKS IN FRICTION PAIRS OF “DISC-PAD” OF BRAKING DEVICES IN VEHICLES (part two)
DescriptionIn the materials of the article we mention the regularities of changes in the volume and surface solid temperature gradients and self-ventilated brake discs and illustrate their impact on the main operating parameters of the friction pairs of disk-to-pad brakes of the A 172 bus; the relationship between thermo-physical parameters of polished and matte surfaces with areas of brake discs of various types. The influence of the type of tests on the pairs of loaded with energy friction disk and pad brakes of the vehicle. We have set the intensity of heat exchange processes from the surfaces of the brake discs of various types. It is shown that this leads to increased surface temperature gradient. The volume and the surface temperature gradients of the brake discs were determined with the involvement of the hypothesis of summation of temperatures on the surface when you post the generated electric currents. It was found that in the surface layer of the working surface of a solid brake disc at its pulse heating under the influence of the temperature of the flash nucleate cracks due to the thermal fatigue of the material of the disk. The features of the design of the brake discs were considered as well. On the basis of the calculation and the experimental data we have shown a correlation between the emissivity of brushed and polished surfaces and their areas in the disk-to-pad brakes when using solid and self-ventilated discs
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ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ECOLOGICAL SAFETY
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWhen considering the ecological safety of industrial productions, territory, etc., we usually allocate the constant (permanent) risk and the accident (emergency) risk. Permanent risk is given by the used technology, and cannot be changed substantially. Emergency risks are associated with uncertainty, in contrast to the constant risks. Let in adopted mathematical model the uncertainty is probabilistic in nature, and the loss describes as one-dimensional random variable. The distribution function of the loss, as a rule, is not normal. We have discussed in detail the seven characteristics of accidental loss: expectation; median and, more generally, quantile; dispersion; standard deviation; coefficient of variation; a linear combination of the expectation and standard deviation; the expectation of the loss function. Risk management may be to minimize these characteristics and their combinations (in different variants of multicriteria optimization). For example, in the two-criteria formulation it is required to minimize the expectation of loss and the standard deviation. Two-criteria formulation one way or another is reduced to a one-criteria formulation. In addition to probabilistic methods of risk modeling, sometimes we consider methods for describing risk using by means of objects of non-numeric nature, in particular qualitative characteristics, concepts of the theory of fuzzy sets, interval mathematical and econometric models and other mathematical tools. The main problems of the theory and practice of ecological insurance have been discussed
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Description
The article provides an overview of the phytosanitary condition of crops for 2011-2014 g in the Krasnodar region. In recent years, we can observe increasing of the crop losses from pests and diseases of plants. The using of different pesticides in intensive cultivation technologies of winter wheat can’t resist this. Pathogenic microorganisms acquire resistance to drugs used and become more aggressive. This creates a lot of environmental problems. Plants are almost always under environmental stress. However, it is impossible to refuse of pesticides. And they are not able to observe the immune system of the plant, and in some cases inhibit it. The present level of development of science has led to the emergence of new methods of plant protection, which is based on increasing of the capacity of the immune plants, rather than the destruction of pathogens, as in the case of the use of pesticides. We propose to apply so called "agrochemical cocktails"
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COLOR WORDS IN THE LANGUAGE OF ECONOMICS
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe article is fulfilled in the frames of modern linguistic studies where the cognitive aspects of language activities are actively studied, concept researches are conducted and is devoted to the study of color words in the design of color picture of the world of different language cultures and their role and function in formation of special language terminology. The authors analyze compound terms and their definitions of a new emerging trend of the economy – green economy, borrowed from the materials of UN organizations and Institute of Green Economy and reveal that the color word green participates in terminology formation due to metaphoric use, as an indirect nomination that gives way to sense increment. Color words bear assessment charge that is realized in terms formation through complex attributive combinations. The ambivalence of the semantics of color is demonstrated through opposite meanings and this allows conclusion that color words are connected with emotional and volitional state of a person, society and that they are perceived in a figurative, non-color, but psychological, emotional meaning and due to this ability they are able to form mental formation in professional field
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FORMATION A STRATEGY OF SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEM’S DEVELOPMENT IN THE RESOURCE-LIMITED CONDITIONS
DescriptionIn the article the structural model of the socio-economic system is presented as a management object. We have described the levels of creation of mathematical estimation model of the socio-economic system’s state, which on the basis of the aggregated estimation of management factors array allows selecting the primary purposes of socio-economic system’s development. The main socio-economic system’s processes in the production of goods and services are presented as complex activities. Determining methods for the modern market share occupied by socio-economic system, socio-economic system’s actual share offers on the region market, the demand for goods and services in the region, the amount of income from the activity by mathematical estimation model of the socio-economic system’s state are offered. The amount of the budget is defined as the sum of the socio-economic system profits from commercial activities and the size of public funding on the orders. Evaluation of resource support for activities described in the article is proposed. The way to solve the actual problem management - determining the socio-economic system’s priorities with limited material and financial resources is offered. We have also presented an algorithm of determination of aims of the development on the basis of estimation model of the socio-economic system’s state, foreseeing determination of external and internal factors on directions activity and forming of their aggregated estimations. The operative management in a socio-economic system allows us to react immediately to changing of key indexes of the systems and also allows using the limited resources rationally, which is very actual in modern economic conditions
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FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC MODELS
DescriptionThe article provides a detailed overview of the existing foreign and domestic models of analysis of financial and economic state of companies; we have identified their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the Russian agro-industrial companies. We have also conducted an experiment in which we analyzed 70 enterprises of the agroindustrial complex using the following ten methods: E. Altman’s, the model of R. Taffler and G. Tiso, the method of “credit-men”, the model of Springate, the models of Fulmer, the Fox model, the model by G. V. Savitskaya, the model of P. O. Zaitseva's, the models of Sberbank, the models of ISEA. The choice of these models is associated with their popularity and ability to use for the analysis of financial and economic state of companies of agroindustrial complex. The experimental results allowed concluding the fact that for whatever reasons, the existing methods are not always suitable for effective analysis of financial and economic state of enterprises of agroindustrial complex. It is therefore necessary to seek some new approaches and to develop a modern model focused on the analysis of financial-economic condition of agricultural enterprises. The practical significance of this study is that the identified problem is the lack of analysis models able to carry out an adequate assessment of the economic and financial condition of agricultural companies
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PHILOSOPHICAL REASONING OF THE CONCEPT OF THE GAME AND ITS USAGE IN NON-PLAYING CONTEXT
DescriptionIt is interesting for interdisciplinary understanding of game phenomena, how the concept of the game discourse can operate in different non-playing contexts. Researching of game concept allows tracing the figurative conceptualization knowledge of this universal phenomenon. The author uses a lot of examples to prove that game phenomenon represents itself in a language and has been reflected in the mind of people. It is shown, that lingvo-culturological concept of the game has more productive metaphorical rethinking. We single out the most important characteristics of game, explain some imaginations about gaming, explicate dominant sense of game freedom, its choice, imitation, dynamic and emotional stress, agonistic, risk, unpredictability and others attribute the symptoms. Represented contexts of usage also illustrate communicative and social components of gaming behavior. Dominant meanings, key ideas, that unite viewed image, actualize basic principles that are typical for the game phenomenon in common, and the specific characteristics of different types of games (sport, children, gambling, theater, computer, etc.)