№ 121(7), September, 2016
Public date: 30.09.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 138, 339 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of the Krasnodar region, we consider the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seeds obtained when using different schemes of organization of hybrid seed production of squash in the Krasnodar region. As a result of studying various techniques in the production of hybrid seed of summer squash, we have established the effectiveness of using open pollination, and assessed the approbation of the signs of F1 hybrid plants obtained under different schemes of organization of hybrid seed production of squash
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Description
One of the most important problems of pedagogies is the question of specialist preparedness to solve problems arising during the professional activity. The author of the article examines the question of marine specialists preparedness to act in extreme situations
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Description
In order to effectively manage the organization senior managers need information on the performance of the centers of responsibility and profitability of major products. Therefore, the leadership task is to select a cost accounting system, which would provide the information needed to assess economic performance and management of the various departments. In the article, we consider the concept of methods of calculation of the cost price of livestock products by a direct-costing system, its feature, rationality and also shortcomings and dignity in current economic conditions. Based on the theoretical literature of national scientists on the overhead allocation methods, the authors developed the stages of distribution of indirect expenses between the objects of calculation. Based on the data of "Nezamaevskoe" we specify the composition and structure of costs in dairy farming that improve analytic accounting, and on this basis the validity of management decisions; a classification of costs underlying the modeling of accounting management. The authors proposed a method of accounting of variable and fixed costs in accounting and reflected in the accounting system of marginal income, as well as recommendations to improve the organization of management accounting costs
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article gives the results of the three years of research to identify the main species composition of fungal pathogens when stratified open and closed methods. Biological efficiency of Guapsin, 0,2%, and Trichodermin, 0,5% is shown. During the period of stratification, using an open method "on the water", the following pathogens have evolved: Cladosporium herbarum (18,6%), Trichotecium roseum (16,3%), Phomopsis viticola (13,9%), Alternaria spp. (13,4%), Penicillium sp. ( 9,1%), Aspergillus sp. (5,6%), Pythium sp. (4,3%), Gonatobotrys flava (4,3%), Mycelia sterilia (2,8%), Botrytis cinerea (2,2%). The studies found that the close method of stratification in the peat developed the following specific composition of pathogens: Penicillium spp. (21,1%), Phomopsis viticola (16,4%), Botrytis cinerea (15,3%), Trichotecium roseum (11,1%), Alternaria spp. (8,2%), Mycelia sterilia (1,0%). During the period of stratification, biological efficiency Guapsin, 0.2%, and Trichodermin, 0,5%, was 31,9-88,0% and 28,2-86,3%, respectively
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MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN PRODUCTION ON THE BASIS OF VERTICAL COOPERATION
DescriptionThe article shows the economic mechanism of operation of the vertical cooperation of small agricultural farms and their quantitative characteristics. There is great attention paid to the work of Revising Union; and there are shown: its objectives, its stabilizing role in lending to small businesses, and the volume of regional lending. The proposed project is meant to improve the current economy mechanism of vertical cooperation, to increase efficiency of regulation of the development process of consumer cooperatives of small farming with future possibility of public offering of constituent entities of the production infrastructure created with participation of the state. The authors recommend creating joint infrastructural facilities for small business with active engaging of the government, which will increase currently low motivation of participants of small-scale agricultural farming (SAF) in building a new cooperation. It is recommended to actively enhance the process of creating of infrastructure of economic activity, the state features in the construction of production, supply, logistics, processing, marketing and other necessary for practical objects in the form of storage facilities, slaughterhouses, depots mine-mineral fertilizers etc. It is proposed to enhance preparation and retraining of personnel for working with small farms and especially in their consumer cooperatives. To increase efficiency of the informative-consultative instrument of development of small business by adding more state funding, more actively implement a scheme of public-private partnerships with cooperatives of small agricultural farming. The crucial condition for successful development of SAF is lobbying interests of participants of small agrarian business by giving opportunities from regional Chambers of commerce and industry, by establishing associations of small forms of management to protect interests of participants in use of land, resources provision, lending, product sales, and other important concerns
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MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ELECTRO TECHNOLOGICAL OZONIZATION OF EGG STORES OF POULTRY FARMS
DescriptionSanitization of eggs is an essential way to fight bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. Hatchability of eggs and the safety of day-old chicks are dependent on the quality of eggs processing. Leading scientists of our country have proved high efficacy of ozone application for processing of hatching eggs. To obtain a positive result by this method of sanitizing hatching eggs ozone, it is necessary to create a uniform concentration of ozone around the egg store volume. Decrease in ozone concentration from the set point may result in insufficient exposure to pathogens and because of this, may reduce hatchability. Significant excess of ozone concentration from the set point can kill the embryo. Because of mathematical modeling of electro eggs ozone treatment process, there was a mathematical model of the process of electroozonation of egg stores of poultry farms. This model takes into account decomposition of ozone on the surface of eggs and decomposition of ozone on the walls of an egg store. This mathematical model proves the desired control action at different initial data, such as: the required concentration of ozone in the egg store, the number of eggs, egg store geometric dimensions, the fan power, the design parameters of the discharge unit, the location of the ozone generator in the room
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FACTORS AND CONDITIONS ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF FARM ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REGION
DescriptionThe article noted that the aggravation of the problem of economic sustainability of agricultural organizations in the modern market economy, caused by the influence of the complex as a deterrent, and potentially contributing to internal and external factors, showing up at all stages of the reproductive process. Investigation of this problem has allowed allocating and justifying the most important factors, classified in the context of organizational, economic, innovation and investment, financial and social components, affecting the process of ensuring the economic sustainability of agricultural organizations, taking into account the specific conditions of their operation. Among the constraints, we highlighted the high cost of borrowing, the fiscal tax policy, price disparity, lack of working capital, high financial risks and depreciation of fixed assets, low production efficiency, aging staff, lack of highly qualified personnel, and others. Among the factors conducive to economic stability, we defined such factors as loans, incentives, insurance, government support, the intensification of innovation, use of new resource-saving technologies, modernization and reconstruction of production, increasing the responsibility of the business, improving human resources and others. The proposed classification by the nature of influence on the object of control in the context of structural and functional components enables the development of mechanisms and tools to increase agricultural organizations adaptation to the changing environment. The author concludes that by taking into account all the factors and the formation of an effective management system based on agroeconomically harmonious coordination of market mechanisms and government regulation, it is really possible to achieve economic growth that will create the conditions for balanced, sustainable and socially-oriented economic development
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STUDY OF AROMATIC SUBSTANCES OF SLAUGHTER PRODUCTS OF BROILER CHICKENS
DescriptionFor comparative evaluation of aroma-forming substances of primary and secondary products of slaughter broilers, we used the multi-channel gas analyzer "MAG-8" and the methodology "an electronic nose". The objects of study served as the heads and feet of chickens-broilers of cross "ROSS-308", subjected to hydrothermal treatment for the destruction of native tissue structure at 0,24 MPa. As a control sample when assessing the composition of the equilibrium gas phase above the heads and feet of broiler chickens used poultry, meat, broiler chickens, obtained by cutting of carcasses, with the natural ratio of bone and muscle tissue. The identification of volatile components of the equilibrium gas phase above the samples was carried out according to the following classes of organic com-pounds in accordance with the numbers of sensors in the matrix: 1 – hydrophilic compounds, water; 2 – alcohols, ketones; 3 – acid, water, light alcohols; 4 – ester; 5 – sulfur-containing compounds, esters; 6 – phenol, and other aromatic compounds; 7 – alcohols, nitrogen compounds, water; 8 – acid. The analysis shows that control and experimental samples do not have significant differences in the aromatic-skim com-pounds, ketones and sulfur-containing compounds. The comparison group of "control – leg" also has no significant differences according to the groups of compounds: ketones, alcohols, esters; nitrogen-containing compounds. The largest differences recorded for the sample "legs broiler chickens", and the moisture content and nitro-gen-containing compounds, this sample is superior and head, and the main raw mate-rial in the processing of broiler chickens. The results show that heads of broiler chickens, thermo-processed under pressure can be used to realize emulsified protein-fat products of the type Pasternak masses corresponding to the traditional products of poultry meat for sensormatics the aroma profile without the use of food additives. For the formation of the corresponding standard of the flavor of food products using the legs of broiler chickens or their products it is necessary to correct the smell using the appropriate complementary ingredients
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DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF A CORN HARVESTER WITH SWEEP FRAME DESIGN
DescriptionThe article demonstrates a possibility of creation of a corn harvester with a sweep frame mounted from individual modules. Such corn harvesters include modules for cutting stalks, snapping modules, conveyor modules for turning, stacking and feeding the stalks in the shredding unit, conveyor modules for supplying corncobs to the cleaning device placed on the sweep frame, leading and managing bridges, power unit, as well as conveyor belt for cobs and auger for discharging the crushed plant matter. The technique for calculating the grinding module drive was shown. The arrangement of the modules on the corn harvester sweep frame was demonstrated. Corn harvesting with the suggested module corn harvester allows not only reducing combine metal consumption and reducing corn ears injuring, but improving maintainability as well
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Description
Delinquents and criminals in the economy, actively apply modern tools of implementation of economic relations while using the so-called "gaps" and inadequacies in the law. Often, to prove intentional sequence of interrelated transactions between counterparties for public authorities authorized in the field of Economics is quite difficult. The main problem is the lack of information about the facts of economic life that took place in the economic system of the administrative-territorial education and beyond. On the other hand, economic actors have difficulty when choosing a contractor, the burden of control activities and the need of proving innocence. Implementation of measures to stimulate sectors of the economy faced a challenge of bringing the right information and the willingness of subjects to participate in their implementation. There are professional illiteracy and the lack of necessary information about the rules of participation in the stimulus package, as well as practices and examples of economic behavior. The authors propose the use of the resource of a uniform accounting system, allowing solving the task of eliminating the above difficulties. The article presents the procedure for its application in individual cases for the implementation of economic operations, implementation of control measures. We have also investigated the circumstances and conditions of its application