№ 123(9), November, 2016
Public date: 30.11.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 141, 382 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
INFLUENCE OF PREPARATIONS OF THE TRADEMARK “ECOGEL” ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE-TREES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Introduction of new elements of fruit cultivation technology into production is one of the elements of intensification of the branch. The problem of providing plants with moisture is the key in modern technology. The purpose of the research is a development and manufacturing of innovative methods of water supply of modern fruit plantations. Researches were conducted in two fruiting zones of the Krasnodar region (Northern and Kuban) with the aim of assessment of influence of different ways of water supply on the growth and productivity of apple-tree varieties: Idared and Gala Schniga grafted on the stock М9 and planted in 2012 due to the scheme 3,5x0,8 m. There was determined that the application of the absorbent Aqua Life and absorbents with the addition of recommended elements (Ecogel-1; Ecogel-2) increase the acclimation rate of seedlings on 2- 6%. The presence of proper conducting system to supply with the moisture and nutrients the overhead part (roots-leaves) and a large number of photosynthezing apparatus promoted to obtain the high-quality fruit productivity, accumulation of phytomass and increase of fruit quality. We have found, that complexes of hydroabsorbents on the basis “Aqua Life”, “Ecogel-1” and “Ecogel-2” in conditions of Kuban in fruiting apple-tree plantations on dwarf stocks showed the high effectiveness on water supply, for the first time
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ECOGEL IS THE NEWEST COMPLEX OF WATER SUPPLY FOR FRUIT PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
From 2011 to 2015 in the laboratory conditions there were studied the physical properties of absorbents in the controlled environment. There was defined that in the variant of the "soil+water" the usual colloidal mass is formed and in variants "soil+absorbents+water" - a mixture of soil and gel. There was determined that the least diurnal evaporation was fixed at the use of the mixture: soil+ preparation “Ecogel-1”. In the control variant of the experiment the full water evaporation was marked on 31st day after beginning of the experiment, in the variant with the use of the absorbent Aqua Life the whole water evaporated on 48th day, and at the use of preparations Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 the duration of evaporation of the same amount of water supply at temperature 22-24оС and air moisture in 55-60% continued 57-65 days. In the result of five-year laboratory researches there was determined the possibility of development of water-saving technology for fruit plantations. When we used absorbents (granules, powders) in planting process and watering resulting the gel-like mass completely collapses the root system of fruit plants and the operation of the system "soil-roots-leaves" will not depend on the physical condition of soil and environment due to water consumption for transpiration
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Protected soil of Russia which has been stagnant for a long time began to expand actively and to modernize. The State Program of protected soil development for 2015-2016 promotes it, according to which every year it is planned to introduce 200 – 215 ha of modern industrial greenhouses. There was set the task of production of 1 mln. tons of greenhouse vegetables by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia to 2020. Existing greenhouses of the IV generation of the type "Venlo" takes about 2.2 hectares in the country and are successfully used by producers of vegetables, obtaining in a year-round period 700 – 720 thousand tons of vitamin production. At present time the special attention of greenhouse owners is paid to greenhouses of the V generation of the system UltraClima, ModulAIR, in which we modernized the system of microclimate parameter management allowing to eliminate the critical periods of management by thermal isolation in the second part of May to the end of summer. The offered systems allow essentially economizing energy expenses, considerably to increase the profitability of vegetable production at the expense of management by growth’s processes and plant development. The innovation solutions in a greenhouse construction on the example of the first Russian greenhouse with the system UltraClima constructed in the Lipetsk region are discussed in this article. There was shown the characteristic of a new analogous development of Russian engineers having a number of advantages in comparison with UltraClima
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EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING PECTIN EXTRACTS OF HIGH PURITY
Description
The article describes a possibility of obtaining food pectin extracts of high purity form secondary raw materials such as sunflower anthodiа. The relevance of the use of pectin extracts as independent products or as an ingredient in food products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes is determined by the high complexing ability of pectin substances in the dissolved form, in comparison with the commercial powder pectin. The use of pectin extracts reduces the cost of the final product by reducing the number of technological procedures. As dried plant material is mainly used for the production of pectin and pectin extracts, the article presents the study of the swelling process of dried and crushed sunflower anthodiа. It is established that the inclusion of the swelling process as a separate technological process for the production of pectin extract from the sunflower anthodiа is impracticable. The study on further processing of vegetable raw materials by electroactivated water system (EAWS) to reduce the content of ballast substances in raw material in relation to pectin and increase the purity of pectin extract is also presented. Some processing options of sunflower anthodia with EAWS of various рН were considered as well. The decrease in the content of dry substances in the processing of plant material that characterizes the decrease in the number of ballast substances is shown. We have also calculated the purity of the obtained pectin extracts
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WAYS OF FURTHER MODERNIZATION OF VEHICLES FOR AN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Description
The role of transport in agricultural production is considerable. It is a connecting link in a single technological chain of the agroindustrial complex of the country (RF AIC). In intraeconomic transportation in the RF AIC, along with cars, we widely use tractors. Rational application of wheeled tractors in intraeconomic carriage substantiates the possibility of their movements both on asphalted and dirt roads. A specific share of tractor transport in domestic agriculture amounts 22-27% of the total transport transportations and 50-60% of intraeconomic carriage. There is a high level of the usage of tractor transport in Western European countries and in the United States. In farms of leading Western European countries (Germany, Italy, France and others.) there is about 70-90% of intraeconomic carriage performed by tractor transport. One of the most substantial and difficult tasks is to fight with damage and losses of agricultural production, in which a very responsible role has been assigned to automobile and tractor transport as an important link in the AIC. According to the analysis of materials for the preparation and use of potatoes and apples, more than 15-20% of the products do not reach the consumer. Low quality of the use of vehicles during transportation is a problem. Transport costs in the prime cost of produced products in rural areas reach 30-40% or more. Lowering them will further influence the development of the agroindustrial complex. Thus, the creation of new of scientifically grounded decisions in designs of vehicles for intraeconomic carriage that enhance preservation and performance of potato harvesting and apples in the conditions of Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and technical task. Its solution makes a significant contribution to the development of the country, as well as it contributes to the implementation of breakeven, competitive manufacture
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Description
In agriculture the issue of enhancing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines (ICE), reducing the costs of maintenance (TO) and repairing (TP) fuel supply apparatus (TA) using the improvement of methods and means of diagnosis is a topical in connection with the aging rolling stock farming and lack of investment. Analysis of the known TA diesel engine vehicles systems showed that the most widespread system is the divided type with multiplunger high pressure fuel pump (fuel pump), while the methods of its diagnosing are laborious, they require partial disassembly and have insufficient accuracy. The mathematical models that characterize the work of a high-pressure fuel pump (fuel pump) use a large number of parameters that significantly affect the quality of dynamics of the change of pressure values of diesel fuel. However, in the materials of previously published articles there were no issues considered assessing the extent of the quantitative impact, performance and features change in the sensitivity settings of the mathematical models on the simulation results, there are no recommendations on the degree of sensitivity and importance of each of the parameters. For a more accurate diagnosis of the fuel supply apparatus of a diesel engine it is advisable to use several methods of diagnosing. The article substantiates development of a mathematical model of a high-pressure fuel pump based on the analysis of modern methods of diagnosing of fuel equipment for autotractor diesel engines
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REALIZATION OF THE SOFTWARE MODULE FOR A SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS SUPPORT
Description
The article describes realization of the software module called "Department work plan". This module is a part of the system of management decisions support. The primary function of the system is the process of generating documentation in higher education institutions. This software system and its additional software modules have been developed and tested at the Department of Computer Engineering of computer technologies and information security Institute of Southern Federal University (SFedU). The software module allows you to generate the work plan for the university’s subdivision, such as department. List of initial data for the work of software module is described in this article. The main algorithm distribution of department's workload for the academic year was described. The article describes the organization of work of the software module. The main stages of the generation of the work plan for the university subdivision were enumerated. The described process of generation of the work plan of the university subdivision was supplemented by illustrative material. The implemented software module has a convenient and functional user interface, which allows significantly facilitating the input and editing of data. The generated data can be exported in Microsoft Excel format. Considering the available opportunity to customize the module to fit the requirements of a particular user, it can be implemented in subdivisions of various universities
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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE STAVROPOL OIL
Description
Physical and chemical characteristics of the Stavropol oil are provided. The found value of density of 853,6 kg/m3 is low and shows that oil mainly contains light paraffin hydrocarbons. Distillation of test of oil is carried out on the device of rectification of ARN-2 oil to laboratories of the Tuapse oil refinery. On the basis of experimental data, the curve of oil ITK is constructed. The chromotographic analysis determined a mass fraction of C1-C6 hydrocarbons in a model of test of oil. The conclusion is drawn that according to GOST 31378-2009 regulations the sample of oil can be carried depending on a mass fraction of sulfur to the 2nd class ("sulphurous"); on density – to the 2nd type ("averages"); on content of chloride salts, waters, mechanical impurity – to the 1st group; on a mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide, marked - and etilmerkaptan in the amount – to the 1st type. The sample of oil is characterized by the low temperature of hardening (minus 15 °C)
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Description
Our research aims at providing new effective control methods for scientific and technical expertise to organizations and foundations that fund research projects on a competitive basis. These methods should provide analytical decision support for group decision making in a distributed environment. In this work, we consider an integral model for knowledge representation – a socio-semantic knowledge network that combines social links and a semantic description of knowledge into a mathematically formalized graph theoretic structure. In terms of actor-network theory, we consider a multimodal network with actors on one of the levels and artefacts (i.e. contexts that express network links) on the other level. In order to represent knowledge domain based on a graph and hypergraph paradigm and fuzzy sets theory, we provide a sufficiently complete set of elements and relations (either trustworthy or partially trustworthy) both between multitype elements and their heterogeneous groups. The formal representation allows applying the model to solve numerous practical tasks such as expert finding, formation of expert groups, expertise refinement, reduction of subjectivity, analysis of an expertise process, analysis of processes within expert groups. Research methodology: social network analysis (SNA), theory of graphs and hypergraphs, fuzzy calculus and fuzzy logic
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TECHNIQUE OF CHOOSING COMPETITIVE STABLE BEHAVIOUR STRATEGY FOR AN ECONOMIC ENTITIES
Description
The article gives the analysis of the questions that provide economic entities stable functioning in extreme competitive interactions. The task of choosing competitive stable behaviour strategy of the economic entity on the basis of efficient use of a resource is defined in maximine terms. To solve the problem it is suggested to use the means of a multistage nonzero attrition game and a negative-sum “gain”. The ways to overcome major difficulties of a numerical solution of the formulated extreme problem in connection with its dimension and the kind of an optimizable function that might be discontinuous, nondifferentiable and multiextremal are found out. Due to its discrete behaviour a criterial function is given in terms of Taylor approximation. Derivatives in the direction are calculated to find the pair of mixed strategies that is the solution of the considered game. On the basis of the suggested optimal solving algorithm by means of successive approximation maximine value of the efficiency criterion of the economic entity functioning and optimal distributions of the strategies application probabilities that provide its stable (balanced) “survival” are evaluated. The application of competitive stable behaviour strategies based on maximum efficient use of resources allows economic entities to remain viable and provides balanced competitive environment in regional sectors of economy
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