№ 126(2), February, 2017
Public date: 28.02.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 63, 153 kb
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Description
After analyzing scientific papers on the topic of many scholars, the author focuses on the situational approach as a major factor of the organizational aspects of the investigation planning by an investigative team in cases of multi episode complex collective crimes. It has been suggested that the planning and organization of the investigation is preceded by the predictive assessment of the investigation situation, determination of the pattern of a detective’s actions and programming and simulation of the investigation process. All processes require the implementation of organizational and administrative activity of the head of the investigative team. However, the initial investigation planning for one or more crimes is reduced only to a description of the investigative situations, to the presentation of a list of investigative actions and operational searching activities without the agreed plan and appointment of the participants in such activities. Consequently, the situational approach in planning can minimize errors during investigative activities and optimize the work of the investigative team dealing with the multi episode crime particularly complex in terms of investigative and procedural actions and operational and searching activities
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CURRENT STATE OF MECHANIZATION OF TOBACCO HARVESTING
DescriptionThe article presents results of studies of the present state of mechanization of tobacco harvesting. The aim of the research was to assess the state of the technical equipment of the tobacco farms in the current economic conditions. We have performed an analysis of the technologies of harvesting tobacco. Main problems of harvesting tobacco leaves were shown. We have analyzed the main constructive scheme of tobacco harvesters used for different technologies of harvesting tobacco leaves. The article gives main advantages and disadvantages of the applied technical solutions and lists tobacco harvesters used in foreign tobacco farms. A disadvantage was the impossibility of adaptation to the domestic types of tobacco. In the end, we have developed a project for solving scientific and technical problems of complex mechanization of technological processes of preparation of plantations to drying process, carrying out machine harvesting and preparing tobacco leaves harvested by the machine. This involves three stages. This will solve the problem of insufficient technical equipment of production of raw tobacco
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN THE SOVIET ABKHAZIA
22.00.00 Sociological sciences
DescriptionThe purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the socio-economic sphere of Abkhazia during the Soviet period. It is shown that the structural changes in the economy of the territory associated with the integration of the all-Russian economic system, which determined the development of industry, agriculture and culture of Abkhazia. Political and economic integration of the subjects of the USSR of different levels connected to all the regions of the country in the economic organism, contributed to the fact that from a backward edge of Abkhazia turned into an advanced industrial-agrarian republic
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THE METHOD OF THE DRYING GRAIN INTENSIFICATION WITH ACTIVE VENTILATION USING MICROWAVERECYCLING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe need of improving the grain drying technology is due to a significant volume of this operation, high specific energy and high standards to preserve quality of grain. In this regard, the development of new technologies and equipment aimed at reducing the cost of fuel and electricity, providing the preservation of grain quality has essential meaning to reduce the drying cost. Usually, the electrophysical effects on the dehydrated material not only contribute to the thickness reduction or destruction of the boundary layers and increase the surface of phase contact, i.e. they cause the combined effects of the intensification of the drying process that is economically favorable and they say for a broader practical use of electrotechnologies. Method of grain drying using microwave recycling in installations of active aeration bunker type allows increasing productivity compared with standard technology for up to 30% and reducing process energy consumption by 17%
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Description
The article discusses the necessity to consider industry characteristics in assessing the financial status and solvency of economic entities. The functioning of the agricultural sector organizations is characterized by a number of features including the high risks, seasonal production, uneven cash flows from operating activities, low profitability of the business and low capital turnover ratio. Under these conditions, the credit rating of the agricultural producers, based on an analysis of their financial situation, is essential to determine the risks associated with the impossibility to return the principal sum and interest. Each bank develops its own methodology for an evaluation of the credit risks of the borrowers, taking into account the credit policy and customer features. The study has shown that the analysis of the borrower's financial situation through a variety of factors underlies the assessment of the creditworthiness. The article also discusses the credit rating methodologies of the federal and regional commercial banks. Their similarities and differences are highlighted both by a set of the applied indicators and by the recommended threshold limits. The conclusion is that the current methodologies insufficiently take the industry characteristics of borrowers into account that increases the risks of loan default. Applying an individual approach to the evaluation of their financial status and taking the industry characteristics activities and the development effectiveness into account are recommended at crediting of the agricultural producers
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THEORETICAL STUDIES OF A MILKING DEVICE WITH AN OVERHEAD MILK REMOVAL FROM THE COLLECTOR
DescriptionThe aim of the research was the theoretical justification of the main design-technological parameters of the experimental milking apparatus with an overhead milk removal from the collector. The milking machine comprises teat cups, collector, pulsator, milk hose, and vacuum. The manifold is formed with an upper withdrawal of milk by means of a vertically mounted suction tube. The upper end of which is located in the output region of the milk tube, and the bottom – in the bottom of the milk camera collector. The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the analytical substantiation of structural and technical parameters of the milking machine. It presents graphic dependences characterizing the convergence of results of theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine
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THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION OF TOBACCO LEAVES FROM THE STALK
DescriptionThe article presents a constructive-technological scheme of leaf separating apparatus for harvesting tobacco leaves. We have performed a theoretical analysis of the process of separating tobacco leaves from the stalk. The dependences characterizing the trajectory, speed and acceleration of an arbitrary point of the cutting edge of the drum were obtained
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Description
There were considered the controversial questions on correctness of different approaches to determination of land plot productivity, calculation of differential rental profit and their cadastre cost. There were given the different points of view on the formation of absolute, monopolistic and differential rent. There was analyzed the ratio of marginal product of land and land tax. There was established that the size of land tax is significantly lower than land rent and is at a medium quality of agricultural land 10, 3% of its level. Organizations with a high score of quality of locality and the ability to create differential rent II, pay relatively less land tax than organizations with a low score of quality of locality. It was concluded that at present a large part of the land rent remains at the disposal of agricultural organizations. The basis of valuation of land is land rent. A new methodology of cadastral valuation of lands does not account the general indicator of soil quality – a score of quality of locality. To determine the optimal level of rent is necessary to improve the technique of the state cadastral valuation of lands, compulsory registration of soil quality based on the score of quality of locality. Differential rent is formed at all sites when used in agricultural production, regardless of forms of ownership, is determined by the cost of production in relatively worse conditions, and peculiarities of formation of differential land rent in agriculture and to ensure equal opportunities for the introduction of agricultural production by means of withdrawal of land rent at employees who work in better conditions
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TECHNOLOGICAL WAYS IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY
DescriptionIn the article we consider problems of transition of an economic system to the new technological way. Success depends on degree of readiness of system for institutional changes and availability of necessary resources. Assessment of a condition of system plays an important role in the choice of management decisions on its upgrade. Delay with transition to new technological way or, on the contrary, its stimulation in system, not ready to changes, leads to serious, negative consequences for the reformed economy. Change of technological way leads to the release of capital which goes to the financial markets, entering crisis chaos into the system. The task of the state consists in timely reaction on developed, during transition to new way, a situation and the direction of financial flows in key technologies of new way. The new system of assessment of a condition of system and a stabilization effort is offered during the change of technological way
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WORK AND MOTIVATION IN AGRARIAN SECTOR
DescriptionBased on a comparative analysis of the level of productivity in the agrarian sector of Russia and the leading countries in the world economy, the main trends and factors affecting the growth of this indicator were revealed. One the main reasons for low productivity is the technical and technological backwardness. In this regard, productivity gains can be achieved by improving the employment and organizational-technological innovation. We have comprehensively illuminated the problem of labor motivation. Based on our own researches and data from agrarian scientists the ways of its strengthening were traced. Also, there was highlighted highly motivated work in the family farms, which is not just a form of entrepreneurial employment based on private ownership of the means of production and the use of familial form of labor, but also the lifestyle of the rural man. We must not forget that the main motivation to work lies not only in its pay, but also in the education of people and traditions. It highlights the role of social support of rural youth and the need for radical improvement of social infrastructure. For the selfassertion of the individual, which is especially important for young men, the person should see a sense of ownership, initiative, independence, participation in decision-making and the distribution of income. These qualities are fully manifested in the family livestock farms and other forms of small business. Work on yourself is the most reliable social protection