№ 130(6), June, 2017
Public date: 30.06.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 87, 224 kb
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THE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING
Description
The article is devoted to discussion of modern views on management decisions. We have released several bulk textbooks on the theory of decision-making. This article discusses several key aspects of this theory: a comparison of approaches to decisionmaking, the pitfalls of voting, and the methodology of decision-making, management responsibility. We have considered a simple example of a problem of decision-making in the management of the organization: selection a model of a new car to run into a series. Criteria for making a decision, which put forward by the four experts-theorists, contradicted each other. The Board of Directors decided to issue a vote. We have considered the "reefs" of voting. In the production and realization of administrative decisions we distinguish four levels. The first and most important level, which determine the success or failure of administrative activity is methodological. We discuss the levels of production and realization of administrative decisions. We give some examples where methodological errors lead to wrong management decisions. For example, a call to "maximum profit at the lowest cost" is quite common in the speeches and orders of a general nature. However, it is mistaken. Practice of development, adoption and implementation of solutions is based on a few basic concepts: Who makes the decisions? The procedure for preparation of the solution (the regulations). Objectives. Resources. The risks and uncertainties. Criteria for estimating decisions. The manager has his responsibility for the decisions taken. Volition of manager - the basis of management
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Description
The article describes the application of probabilistic models to predict the gross regional product. We have made a comparative analysis of various stochastic models implemented in the software package called StatGraphics 5.0 and checked the quality of forecasting by the gross regional product on the example of a notional region
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MEAT SAFETY CONTROL IN ACCORDANCE WITH HACCP METHODOLOGY
Description
The HACCP system today is the main model of quality management and safety of meat products in domestic production. Evaluation, risk analysis and risk management should be integrated into the corporate governance process as one of the important components, taking into account the relevant strategy, tactics and operational implementation. It is important to not only manage the risk, but also periodically review the risk management measures such as the prevention, reduction and compensation of damage. The article examines the features of the implementation and of the corporate risk management in the meat processing plant
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INTERNAL CALCULATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARKET RELATIONS
Description
Features of intraeconomic economic relations, the specifics of the management system at the enterprise are determined by many factors. Judging by currently known management concepts, we can say that domestic enterprises often make a choice in favor of downsizing, which is a short- or medium-term survival strategy. The most promising in the context of the regulation of intraeconomic economic relations is the concept of reengineering. It is supplemented by the principles of controlling. Aside from choosing an effective management strategy, managers of agricultural enterprises to maintain an acceptable level of manageability and efficiency have to use internal calculation, which provides freedom of action and autonomy of structural units in maintaining the integrity of the organization. Finding ways to increase employee’s interest in the growth of the financial results of the organization actively conducted since the second half of the 20th century. So, widespread limit-cheque form of control of production costs, a model of wages as a residual, remuneration from self-financing income etc. However, in 1990 the accumulated experience of mutually beneficial internal relationships in many households in the country were lost, this has a negative impact on their financial condition. They are currently going through a revival, especially in the framework of large-scale agricultural production in the form of organizational economic mechanism. In the implementation, it is necessary to consider the state of the national economy and the level of development of the enterprise itself. It is necessary to distinguish clearly the economic space between the structural units of the organization, to ensure transparency in implementation of management functions and to eliminate the causes of potential corrupt practices from the leaders. Only then, the goal of on-farm calculation – sustainable functioning of agricultural enterprises in conditions of competition, – will be completed
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THE PERFORMANCE AND NEW FEATURES OF THE STATE PROGRAM FOR STIMULATION OF AIC DEVELOPMENT
Description
Practice shows that the state support in our AIC comes to the wrong addressees. Helping big agricultural businesses at the expense of other participants, which often are inherently more efficient and competitive, still makes the position of the existing system of state support very problematic. More correctly in this situation would be to increase help for small- and medium-sized businesses, which are often created from scratch without any support, and, therefore, are more motivated to efficiency and growth. For example, small farms are producing up to 40% of the total agricultural production, but receive only about 10% of the state support allocated to agriculture. This imbalance distorts the competitive environment and hides great injustice of the entire agricultural policy. This is the main reason for incomplete implementation of the reserves in the segment of small businesses. This has a great negative impact on the key units of crediting and selling of small agribusiness forms (SAF). The authors propose restructuring the general support of regional agriculture by blocks of crop production and small agricultural economy in benefit of the SAF due to the possibilities of state support of crop production in the ratio of 2:1, that is to leave the crop to 66.7%, and for the SAF to 33.3%. Under this scheme, small forms over the next 5 years will receive 14.2 billion rubles instead of the planned 6.4 billion. This decision will contribute to the emerging of a healthy competitive environment in the domestic agricultural market and increase the faith of the owners of small businesses in possibilities of their growth and weakening of the principles of cooperation
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Description
The article gives a detailed analysis of foreign and mutual trade of the Eurasian economic Union as the main indicator of development integration. It is dealt with the amount and structure of foreign and mutual trade of the participating countries. Attempts are made to formulate and predict the main trends of development trade relations. Conclusions are drawn that Russia prejudges integration cooperation, because it is the leader in most economic indicators within the integration group
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THE INFLUENCE OF SANCTIONS ON THE SOURCES OF FUNDING OF RUSSIAN BANKS
Description
In the years 2014-2016 under the influence of the sanctions against Russia, the arrangement of the funding base had been carried out mainly from the internal sources, which are from the funds of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the funds of organizations and the population savings. This article examines the Central Bank’s rates of lending in the period of 2014-2016; it studies the impact of the lending rates from the financial regulator on the finance result of the banks. The article contains the analysis of the funds raised by credit companies from legal entities and individuals. Due to the lack of access to the resources of the world market’s loanable funds and, as the result of it, the shortages of funding, Russian banks were forced to function using the fund deposits of individuals. Next, the article unfolds the analysis of the current environment and the prospects of borrowing on the foreign market in the conditions of sanctioning. In may 2016 Russia returned as a sovereign borrower to the international debt market. It has been noted that in the case of the situation remaining calm on the geopolitical arena, the conditions of external funding for Russian banks are going to improve. On the other hand, the prompt and optimal way out of the present conditions is seen in the development of the innovative environment, which is impossible without venture capital financing
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STATE SUPPORT IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TARGET INDICATORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURE
Description
Currently, we experience particular problems of development of agriculture in conditions of import substitution and export. The industry needs active support from the government due to the specific features, which are typical to this sector of the economy, and necessary for the effective functioning and dynamic development, and maintaining a high level of competitiveness. Government support has to provide favorable conditions for functioning of domestic producers to stimulate the production of high quality products, and to increase the competitiveness of agricultural products and services in both domestic and foreign markets. In this article, factors have been revealed, which lead to the need of agricultural production state support The main directions of financing of the agro-industrial complex were established within the framework of the state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020; the rules for granting and distribution of subsidies from the Federal budget to constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the structure of government subsidies to farmers in different regions, and also considered a new loan product with a low interest rate, which is adjusted individually for each borrower
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HEDGING AS A METHOD OF CURRENCY RISKS CONTROL
Description
The article is devoted to hedging as one of the optimum methods of all methods of currency risk management. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the method of hedging were examined and we also defined the role of financial derivatives in the foreign exchange market. The classification of key derivatives risk management is examined. Concepts of contango and backwardation are considered, and the scheme of the correlation of spot and futures prices is provided. An analysis is conducted for the basic hedging strategies market derivatives currency. Dynamics of the dollar against the ruble over the past few years is detailed. The article notes that in connection with the crisis phenomena in world economy the problem of high volatility in markets has gained prominence. Various aspects of the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on the operations of Russian companies are analyzed. The importance of considering the hedging transactions and the need to comply with the requirements of International financial reporting standards (IFRS) in order to prosperous insurance risks is emphasized. The article reveals hedging of currency risks in Russia with the help of financial market instruments. The practical examples of these methods using financial derivatives are given. Problems are investigated and the future prospects of development of the derivatives market in Russia are proposed
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Description
The practice of separate financing of projects of civil and defensive nature, which has been developed in Russia, requires, in the conditions of an aggravation of an international situation, increase in costs for carrying out researches and developments what to go a heavy burden on the federal budget. The analysis of international experience shows that industrially developed countries successfully solved this problem by means of distribution of dual-use technologies. The special effect is reached in space activities where dual-use technologies are widely used in the organization of communication, broadcasting and monitoring of the land surface. In the article, policy of usage of military technologies in civil sector of economy of the USA, Germany and China is analyzed. The policy of distribution of dual-use technologies leads to decrease in load of the budget and promotes attraction of a private equity in researches and developments. The main directions are conversion, sale of information from military companions to the commercial organizations and acquisition by military of information from commercial companions here. Backwardness of the market relations, impracticality of controlling mechanisms, developments and carrying out scientific and technical policy and other problems can become the main obstacle in a way to distribution of dual-use technologies in Russia. However, instability of the revenues of the Russian budget caused by volatility of the prices of energy resources and other external factors puts the most important priority of national economic policy development and distribution of double technologies
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