№ 131(7), September, 2017
Public date: 29.09.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 124, 307 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe purpose of the study was to examine a century of experience of growing of forest cultures of the Siberian stone pine in forest conditions in the region of the Middle Volga. To achieve these objectives, we have investigated old growth culture of Siberian stone pine in the conditions of fresh oak forests in the territory of Rootka forestry of the Mari El Republic. Culture of Siberian stone pine was planted after continuous tillage. The distance between rows was 2,5 m, step landing – 1,0 m. The site was divided into five options, depending on variations in the width of planting strip (I-48 m, II-44 m, in III-40 m, IV - 36 m, V - 32 m). The studies have shown that the Siberian stone pine trees, regardless of the variant, are characterized by good clean ability from twigs, which increases with decreasing of the width of the curtain. It can be noted that in the 100-year-old age, the average height of trees reaches of 28,7 m, an average diameter of 49,8 cm. Stock of forest reaches 795,3 m3 /ha. Best annual increase is observed in growing cultures of cedar in the wings with a width of 40 m and is 7,95-of 7,93 m3 /ha. Based оn the research, we have concluded that Siberian stone pine should be recommended for introduction into the zone of coniferous-broadleaved forests of the Middle Volga region. When creating crops, it is necessary to use larger seedlings and plant density is not more than 1,0 thousand pieces/ha, and the width of the planting strip shall be not less than 40,0 m.
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIntensification of agriculture during the twentieth century was accompanied by an increase in international trade, resulting in the resettlement of many species across continents. As a result of these processes, many adventives species have become economically significant and dangerous plants in agro and urban biosensors. One such plant is Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., imported from North America to Russia. The use of chemical means of suppression of A. artemisiifolia L. often does not give positive results in agrocenoses, because of its biomorphological features. In urban areas, within the boundaries of sanitary zones, the use of chemicals is prohibited. Therefore, the most promising direction in the suppression of ragweed ambrosia is the ecologies method. The article discusses the possibility of using an ambrosia leaf beetle in the feeding of ragweed in the territory of Russia
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THE EFFECT OF PERLITE USING ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATOR OF SEED GROWTH
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAn experiment has been carried out on the effect of germination of seeds with perlite on the improvement of the growth force of rye Vyatka-2. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of perlite on the growth force of seeds under the conditions of additional fertilizers and changing the volume water during irrigation. The task of the work was to determinate the growth force of seeds with perlite. The growth force of the seeds was determined after 10 days in sprouted seeds in five samples in glass vessels with three different moisture conditions. It was proved that germination of seeds with perlite increased the seed growth force up to 28% in comparison with seeds grown in sand (a control sample). The result also depended on decreasing of humidity rate up to 30-40%
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe proposed agro technology for the cultivation of soft winter wheat contributes to the reproduction of fertility of leached Chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. As a result of application of fertilizers in the arable layer of soil hydrolytic acidity decreased by 21.8%, humus content increased by 10.3%, mobile phosphorus - by 54.8%, mineral nitrogen by 10.3% and potassium - by 9.6% compared to the control. Studied agricultural technology allowed to increase the yield of winter wheat to 81.8 kg/ha and protein to 15.3 per cent, of gluten, to 27.8%. We have noticed exceeded concentration of mobile phosphorus in the upper soil horizon (1.5 MРС) in the cultivation of wheat after alfalfa, which contributed to reduced grain yield. Under conditions of prolonged application of fertilizers and pesticides reduced the content of mobile forms of trace elements - copper and zinc. The content of mobile forms of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd below the limit values of environmental and Toxicological regulations clayey and loamy soils for agricultural purposes. The trend of accumulation of cadmium in the green mass of plants (~ 1.2 MPC) and winter wheat grain up to 1.5 MPC for baby food
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence of different agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley variety ‘Gordei’ was studied. Economic evaluation was given to the researched factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of polyfactorial long-term soil monitoring. The soil is represented by strongly leached, light-clay black humus with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It was found that with the change of technology (fertilizer, tillage, sowing method, means of protection) winter barley yields increases to 50% in comparison with the control. According to the analysis of bioenergetic and economic evaluation it makes sense to use the variants 022, 111 and 222 at plowing, where the maximum net efficiency ratio and net income are noticed
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MUSTARD PROTEIN-CONTAINING FODDER CONCENTRATE "GORLINKA" USE IN DAIRY COWS’ DIET
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researches on the mustard protein-containing fodder concentrate "Gorlinka" use were carried out during 2015-2016 in the laboratories of Volgograd state agrarian university, as well as at LLC "Donagrogaz" in the Frolovsky district of the Volgograd region. During the research, the authors studied the new high protein fodder additive influence on the digestibility and feeds absorbency, as well as on the blood morphological and biochemical parameters. During the research, it was established that the used fodder additive has a positive influence on the dynamics of the digestibility coefficients and the nitrogen balance. During the physiological experiment, all the experimental cows had a positive nitrogen balance, in the control group it was 9.8 g (the lowest value), in the second group, it was 12.6 g, and in the first one, it was 12.0. When determining the experimental animals’ blood biochemical and morphological parameters the content of the studied components corresponds to the physiological norms. The average daily milk yield for the analogues from the 1st test group was higher as compared to the control, by 1.01 kg, or 5.1%. The mean daily milk yield of the control group was also lower than for the cows of the 2nd test group by 1.45 kg, or 7.4%
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researches were carried out with the support of the Federal state budget establishment "The development assistance fund of small forms enterprises in scientific-technical sphere" (Fund for the innovation promotion), contract number 0019671. The fodder additive «Nutovit» in growing chickens feeding application enriched mixed fodder for farm poultry with protein and especially with the amino acid such as lysine. Scientific-economic experiment was carried out at the poultry-farm enterprise of the Volgograd region in 2015-2016. 4 growing chicken groups with 54 heads in each group were selected for the experiment. The growing chickens were selected according to the cross, age, living body weight, health status. The difference in experimental poultries feeding was that in the experimental groups the sunflower oil cake in the feed mixture was replaced by fodder additive "Nutovit". It was established, that the essential amino acids availability and the saturation of fodder additives with vitamins influence positively on: young chickens live weight and average daily growth, the live weight to 120-days age in the second experimental group amounted to 1657 g, and average daily growth was to 12.46 g, which is higher compared to the control group by 4.48 % at 100% poultry livability; blood morphological and biochemical composition: formed elements of blood, namely erythrocytes, in the experimental groups young chickens blood were more in 0.02 to 0.05×1012/l compared with the control one. The researches established that blood leukocytes reduction in growing chickens of the experimental group was little, in 0.04, 0.09, 0.08 ×109 l. Calcium content in growing chickens blood in the control group was 2.6 mmol/L. The experimental group surpassed the control on 0.14-0.21 mmol/L. The phosphorus content in chickens blood in the experimental groups exceeded the control one by 0.08-0.24 mmol/l. In addition, the feeding cost reduction was established due to the fodder additive "Nutovit" use
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the studying results of new premixes of domestic production using efficiency based on processed products, in particular - oil cakes. The research was carried out in the conditions of the second-order pedigree reproductor in LLC "Svetly" in the Svetloyarsky district of the Volgograd region in the period from 2015 to 2017. During the scientific and economic experience, the authors revealed the new fodder additives positive influence on the laying hens’ egg productivity, on the eggs morphological and incubation rates and on the got young birds. The use of premixes in layer diet, which included the fodder concentrate from the plant raw material "Sarepta" and Camelina seed oil cake, contributed to the increase in the hens laying capacity, in general, the group received in 249 and 310 pieces more than in the control one. The egg average weight from the chickens of the control group was 60.89 g; from the first experimental it was 61.33 g; from the second experimental it was 61.39 g, which was higher than in the control one, respectively, by 0.44 g and 0.50 g. While the hatching eggs morphological indices analysis, it was revealed that all parameters are within the permissible limits of the physiological norm. Fertilization of eggs in the control group was at the level of 89.33%, which is lower than in the experimental groups. As a whole, the eggs' production in groups was 20.00% in the control, 17.33% in the 1st group, and 16.00% in the 2nd test group
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate
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Description
Techniques of value analysis and "Direct-costing" are well-known and popular. The ideas and principles of value analysis and the method of "Direct costing" are very similar, if not identical. On the one hand, these ideas are very reasonable, well grounded theoretically and proved its effectiveness in practice. On the other hand, the wide use of these methods is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining large amounts of detailed technological and financial-economic information, as well as the need for careful research by competent professionals, well-versed in substantive subject area. This is the contradiction between the desire to apply the methods of the value analysis and "Direct costing" and difficulty to perform it in practice. This contradiction constitutes a real problem and may often be discouraging and frustrating. In this work, we propose a simple and effective solution to this problem, theoretically well-informed with all the necessary methodological and software tools and widely and successfully tested in practice. The proposed solution is based on two simple ideas: 1) instead of collecting and holding a meaningful large amount of technological and financial-economic information we might apply approaches, pleasant management theory; 2) to create systems for automated control of natural and financial-economic efficiency of expenses we might use the automated system-cognitive analysis and its software tool – an intellectual system called "Eidos". In the name of the specialty 08.00.05 – Economics and national economy management, there are such words: "management of enterprises, branches, complexes, innovation." The use of the term "Management" implies that there is a model that reflects the influence of factors on the object of control, and there is the management system making decisions based on this model. However, as a rule, the dissertations in this field have nothing of this, except only financial and economic calculations. The article proposes an approach based on the control theory, removing this disadvantage