№ 133(9), November, 2017
Public date: 30.11.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 94, 254 kb
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ACCELERATED REPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR RECYCLING PIG MANURE INTO ORGANIC FERTILIZER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article considers the accelerated reprocessing technology for recycling pig manure into organic fertilizer. Today, closely relevant is the matter of environmentally friendly technologies for cattle manure utilization. Export of wastes in its pure form to agricultural land cannot be applied, because disease causing and chemical compound penetrated the soil, entered the groundwater and contaminated many water sources. Experiments for the accelerated reprocessing of the pig manure into organic fertilizer were conducted on the basis of PCF No. 2 of the APC "Maryanskaya" in the Krasnoarmeisky district. With the aim of eliminating the filtering of pollutants in soil and groundwater, the experiment was performed in a concreted area, located within a farm. For the test, we used pig manure of animals, whose age was 2-8 months. The total weight of used manure was 40 t. The accumulation of manure was carried out in containers, containing 4 tons; the total time for the accumulation of necessary amount of manure for 2 months. Comparing the quality of compost obtained by the proposed technology recommended for industrial applications, control, we found differences in the chemical and biological properties. Overall, the conducted experiment has allowed to establish that the best option, given the speed of the flow of chemical and biological processes, demands environmental protection, is composting manure with straw, adding a biological product "Tamir" at the rate of 0.5 l/t. The Obtained results are comparable with data of previous years and indicate the possibility of reducing the quantity of a biological product from 1 to 0.5 l/t of waste without reducing the efficiency of the process of accelerated decomposition of nitrogenous organic compounds
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AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE AND IT’S DEVELOPMENT TODAY
DescriptionThe article analyzes the development of the insurance with state support and the dynamics of the volume of subsidies for compensation of part of expenses of agricultural producers for payment of insurance premiums accrued in the contract of agricultural insurance. We have identified structural and logical connection of the elements in the modern system of support regional development programs of agriculture. We have also observed accompanying the process of state support of the problem. The authors state that it requires new methodological approaches to determination of loss (death) of the crop for the payment of insurance claims
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THE LIMIT THEORY OF THE SOLUTIONS OF EXTREMAL STATISTICAL PROBLEMS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionMany procedures of applied mathematical statistics are based on the solution of extreme problems. As examples it is enough to name methods of least squares, maximum likelihood, minimal contrast, main components. In accordance with the new paradigm of applied mathematical statistics, the central part of this scientific and practical discipline is the statistics of non-numerical data (it is also called the statistics of objects of non-numerical nature or non-numeric statistics) in which the empirical and theoretical averages are determined by solving extreme problems. As shown in this paper, the laws of large numbers are valid, according to which empirical averages approach the theoretical ones with increasing sample size. Of great importance are limit theorems describing the asymptotic behavior of solutions of extremal statistical problems. For example, in the method of least squares, selective estimates of the parameters of the dependence approach the theoretical values, the maximum likelihood estimates tend to the estimated parameters, etc. It is quite natural to seek to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of extremal statistical problems in the general case. The corresponding results can be used in various special cases. This is the theoretical and practical use of the limiting results obtained under the weakest assumptions. The present article is devoted to a series of limit theorems concerning the asymptotics of solutions of extremal statistical problems in the most general formulations. Along with the results of probability theory, the apparatus of general topology is used. The main differences between the results of this article and numerous studies on related topics are: we consider spaces of a general nature; the behavior of solutions is studied for extremal statistical problems of general form; it is possible to weaken ordinary requirements of bicompactness type by introducing conditions of the type of asymptotic uniform divisibility
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EUROPEAN UNION PRIORITIES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT UNTIL 2020
DescriptionTheme of the study is to explore priorities and mechanisms of state support of development of rural territories in the EU. The goal is to consider the priorities of the European countries in the management of development of rural territories. To achieve this goal have been resolved following tasks: we have studied the European concept of rural development, analysed by the European institutional framework to support the development of rural areas, considered priorities and mechanisms of financing of programs of development of rural territories. The study used economic and statistical methods and a systematic approach. The study is based on the study of legislative acts of the European Union, author’s calculations.It is determined that the management of development of rural territories in the EU is implemented in accordance with territorial-ness of the approach. It is revealed that the development of rural areas became the second of the General directions in the common agricultural policy of the EU. It is shown that a program of development of rural areas OS-based on six priorities established by the EU regulation, and is funded by Xia from the European agricultural Fund for rural development (EAFRD), with mandatory co-financing from national or regional budgets. Basic provisions, conclusions and recommendations can be used by the authorities of the Russian Federation for the formation of an effective system of sustainable development of rural areas. The author concludes that the European model of rural development is comprehensive and the rural territory is considered as a unified socio-economic and natural complex, and accordingly measures for the development of rural territories have a wide range of areas, from preserving and enhancing ecosystems agriculture and forestry to create jobs in rural areas
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MODERN STATUS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article considers the current state of production of grain crops in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The analysis of gross collection, structural shifts, sowing area and yield of grain crops over the past five years is being carried out. Also, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers to crops of cereals is being investigated, since their application is of great importance for obtaining high and stable harvests of grain crops. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn and ways of development of grain production in the republic were outlined
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Description
The article considers some issues of organizing the recording of production costs by their location based on the specific features of industries with integrated use of raw materials on the example of the milling industry. In the authors’ view, the main disadvantage of accounting production costs and determining the cost of production with integrated use of raw materials is tackling the problems of delineation of costs between the products received, but not the problems of organizing accounting and isolating costs by their location and by cost drivers, which leads to the application of the simple (proportional) method of accounting for production costs and determining the cost of production. The authors set out a theoretical basis for the allocation of responsibility centers and the classification of production costs in accordance with the content and objectives of Management Accounting, which makes it possible to determine their composition and structure for enterprises of the milling industry. It was suggested that the method of accounting production costs depending on the wholesale price of products could be applied, which would enable flourmilling enterprises of Krasnodar Territory to increase the profitability of the goods produced, increase profits and reduce production costs
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BAER’S LAW AND EINSTEIN’S VORTEX HYPOTHESES
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWe consider numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations describing laminar and turbulent flows in channels of various geometries and in the cavity at large Reynolds numbers. An original numerical algorithm for integrating a system of nonlinear partial differential equations is developed, based on the convergence of the sequence of solutions of the Dirichlet problem. Based on this algorithm, a numerical model is created for the fusion of two laminar flows in a T-shaped channel. A new mechanism of meandering is established, which consists in the fact that when the two streams merge, a jet is formed containing the zones of return flow. Vortex motion in a rectangular cavity is studied. It is established that the numerical solution of the problem with discontinuous boundary conditions loses stability at Reynolds number Re> 2340. The trajectories of passive impurity particles in a cylindrical cavity are investigated. An explanation of the behavior of tea leaves in a cup of tea in the formation of a toroidal vortex because of circular stirring is confirmed, which is confirms the wellknown hypothesis of Einstein. A numerical model of flow in an open channel with a bottom incline in a rotating system is developed. It is shown that in both laminar and turbulent flow under certain conditions a secondary vortex flow arises in the channel due to the Coriolis force, which explains the well-known Baer law and confirms the Einstein hypothesis
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A COMPUTER AUTOMATED SYSTEM AS A WAY TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF REPAIR FACILITIES
DescriptionDuring an era of rapid development of society and all areas of its activity, special attention should be paid to a condition of the objects considerably simplifying humans’ life. The car, which began to be an integral part of each family, is among such objects. But sometimes, the car can get into accident and then some malfunctions appear. For their elimination, motorists address to the specialized organizations for car repairs. The article is devoted to introduction of information technologies to the sphere of rescue and recovery operations of a body of the car. Today, a necessary condition of advance in the sphere of information technologies is widespread introduction of standards and technologies of the information systems used both for hardware, and for software products. In this study, the efficiency of application of the complex of hardware (CH) by means of which achievement of improvement of quality of rescue and recovery operations, through a possibility of comparison of the damaged detail with its factory model and a possibility of quality check of the end result will be considered. The set of methods and techniques of the organization of information processes in the production systems allowing carrying out the choice and use of necessary information technical solution for synthesis of knowledge of a production situation makes contents of the concept of formation of information resource of a control system of the knowledge-intensive production
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THE FORMATION AND QUALITY OF MEAT OF CATTLE BREEDING AND POULTRY FARMING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn order to ensure import substitution and threshold values of meat production, it is necessary to stabilize the livestock of animals and introduce intensive technologies. In conditions of arid steppes, the animals of Kalmyk, Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus breeds are best suited to stall-pasture technology. Before weaning from mothers at 7-8 months of age, their offspring is grown without additional feeding, just mothers’ milk. Therefore, the growth rate of suckling young animals rarely exceeds 850 grams of daily growth, while the live weight reaches 400-450 kilograms at the age of 18 months, with some advantage in favor of the young generation of Hereford breed. Using the intensive 9- months growing at the fattening complex with feeding from the self-feeders ensured the average daily gain in the Kalmyk bull-calves at the level of 1398 grams, and for the Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds the growth is 1533 grams. The highest growth energy, live weight (661 kilograms), was with Hereford bulls. From bulls of the native Kalmyk breed with intensive technology of growing, a heavy body weight increase of 331 kilograms at 18 months of age was obtained. All tested samples of meat according to microbiological indicators comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations
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MANAGING A SUSTAINABLE COMPANY DEVELOPMENT: ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
DescriptionThis article proposes the creation of a cluster of breweries, which aims to unite the efforts of the brewing manufacturers that allow the participants to improve the effectiveness of the functioning of the common sharing of resources, to ensure the growth of competitive advantages, find sales channels not only at regional, but also on foreign markets. At the same time, they are able to provide a higher level of efficiency, balance and handling of the economy. Increased efficiency is achieved by increasing the productivity of labor, the creation of common infrastructure (information, supply and marketing, etc.). Access to foreign markets and empower consumers to search for products from waste breweries. A method of utilization of brewery waste in landfills is the simplest, but from the standpoint of environmental and material component is not effective, so the re-use, recycling of waste and byproducts can not only remove the threat of environmental pollution, but also to significant income processor of this waste. But for the purchase, installation of the necessary equipment, training a person, the necessary skills to work with non-waste production cash costs are required, which not every company can invest. Thus, the use of the cluster approach in a business combination for interest in the use of secondary (low-waste) production, the introduction of resource-saving, "green" technologies determined by the specifics of the cluster, namely, give the enterprises belonging to it, effect is expressed in the increasing environmental and economic sustainability and the competitiveness of the entire system as compared to the individual business entities