№ 137(3), March, 2018
Public date: 30.03.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 15, 44 kb
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MONITORING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF ENTEROBACTERIA
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionRelative to the emergence and wide extension of an antibiotic resistance in infectious agents of animal infectious diseases, the particularly important assessment increases over change of sensitivity of various groups of microorganisms to anti-infective drugs. Results of studying antibiotic sensitivity of the enterobacteria isolated from an intestine of sick calves, and dynamics of its change within three years are presented in article. Results of the research demonstrate prevalence of resistance to the majority of anti-infective drugs (AID) among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates emitted from calfs. To chloramphenicol, neomycin and streptomycin from 100% of isolates E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Morganella, Citrobacter were sensitivity. From AID of group of aminoglycosides gentamycin, from group of quinolones – enrofloxacin was the most effective. The good sensitivity to a polymyxin was shown to 80 % of isolates E. coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. It was established that 66,7 % of E. coli isolates, 57,1 % of Enterobacter spp., 75 % of Morganella, 60 % of Edwardsiella, 42,9 % of Citrobacter spp., allocated from sick calfs, has fastness to 7 AID. At the same time to other AID of a series the appreciable number of multiresistant strains shows weak sensitivity. The tendency of augmentation of number of antibiotic resistance isolates to AID which are widely applied in veterinary practice as time passed. High frequency of the combined resistance to traditionally used antibiotic drugs – to kanamycin (up to 80 %), to tetracycline (up to 85 %) and to chloramphenicol (up to 8 3%) testifies to need of obligatory test for sensitivity to AID before their use
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThis article is devoted to a comprehensive survey of parasitocenosis in 5 peasant farms content 1156 birds, 8 species of chickens, the minimum number in a separate farm was -26 birds, maximum -535. This is the first publication in which the material on helminthocenosis is presented as an integral part of parasitocenosis of individual bird species (intensity of infestation, extensiveness of infestation, associative groupings). The rest of the material on mites, puffers, and bloodsuckers, coccidia, histomonads, microfauna, will be presented in the next publications
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DISPERSAL OF COLIBACILLOSIS IN PIGS AND THE WAY OF ITS SPECIFIC PROPHYLAXIS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionOne of the most widespread infections affecting newborn pigs is colibacillosis. The set of factors contributes to the development of this disease: non-compliance with elementary veterinary health regulations of conducting pig-breeding, an error in technologies of contents and feeding, stressful situations, and as a result, emergence of the specific factors contributing to illness emergence (dysbacterioses, activation of conditionally pathogenic microflora). In addition, not always specific prophylaxis of colibacillosis is in due time and successfully carried out that is generally bound to disharmony of antigenic composition vaccine drug and originator of the pathogenic potential. In this connection, use of new agents and ways of improvement of prophylaxis of colibacillosis for pigs is represented a current problem in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this work was studying diffusion of colibacillosis among bacterial infections of pigs and establishment preventive efficiency of colibacillosis anatoxin at vaccination the pregnant pigs. Dispersal of colibacillosis was studied in a complex with use the epizootological, anamnestic, clinical, pathologicoanatomic, bacteriological methods of research and also on basis materials the veterinary reports of economy. Allocation of microorganisms was carried out with use differential and diagnostic, selective mediums, identification − with use of traditional methods of bacteriological diagnostics, on the basis cultural, the tinktorial and biochemical properties. Researches showed what colibacillosis at pigs is registered in 37,5-51,4% of cases and wins first place among infections of pigs of a bacterial etiology. When studying efficiency prophylaxis of colibacillosis with bacterination use the pregnant pigs anatoxin containing three types inactivated by formalin exotoxins of the Escherichia coli, have established decrease in indicators of incidence and lethality also high safety of pigs (96%) concerning Escherichia coli
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DYNAMICS OF EGG PRODUCTION IN CHICKENS OF VARIOUS BREEDS OF BIORESOURCE COLLECTIONS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe production of eggs is one of the most important indicators of the productivity of poultry, including chickens The main purpose of breeding chickens in the collections of genetic resources - conservation of genetic diversity. The chickens from the collection of genetic resources it is also possible to receive products, for example, in the form of eggs. The account of the egg productivity of the chickens showed that the intensity of egg production varies among representatives of different directions of productivity. The most stable egg-laying was possessed by chickens of breeds New Hampshire, Black Australian, Dutch white. These breeds are bred as breeds of egg direction of productivity. But they are characterized by long downturns in egg production, lasting more than 7 days. Chickens of meat direction by stable, but low intensity of egg production. All the chickens had a short period For all chickens a short period is characteristic, when the egg-laying is kept at a certain level. It is 30-40 days, after which there is a gradual decrease in this indicator. Such a high level of genetic diversity in egg production in gene pool makes it possible to use this bird as a model object for studying its features
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Description
In the article, following the results of the first rotation of crop rotation, we consider results of researches on influence of technologies of cultivation of crops of various degree of intensification in a link of field crop rotation on change of the content in arable layer of the black leached soil of one of the main indicators of fertility of the soil – general humus. Determination of the total humus content in the soil layer 0-20 cm under winter wheat cultivated after sugar beet, corn for grain and sunflower ranged in terms of technology options from 3.02 to 3.72 %. Application of organic fertilizers for sugar beet on the variants of the studied technologies, in order to simulate soil fertility levels, from 200 to 600 t/ha and their intermediate application to this crop with a norm of 30 to 120 t/ha contributed, regardless of the method of basic tillage, to an increase in the humus content in the soil from 3.38 to 3.65 %. In the future, as crops rotate in the link of crop rotation, within five years there was a drop in the total humus content in the arable layer according to the variants of the experiment from 0.09 to 0.21 %. Intensification of technologies, increase of crop productivity in the link of crop rotation contributed to the annual loss of humus by 0.02-0.04%. When applying the same average and high standards of organic fertilizers, humus content in the arable layer did not fall below the initial levels of soil fertility and was 3.25 – 3.44 %. This contributed to the maintenance of the total humus content, and therefore, the preservation of soil fertility compared with options where organic fertilizers were not used. It is established that at cultivation of field crops on technologies with application of the non – oval system of processing of the soil, the content of the General humus in a layer of the soil of 0-20 sm averaged 3,39 %. Application in the technologies of soil plowing reduced humus content in the soil to 3.30%, which was inferior to options with non-oval tillage by 0.09%. With the alternation in the rotation surface of the main processing of the soil under cereals and moldboard tilled under (ie recommended system primary tillage) were lost to 0.012% of humus per year, while in the technologies with annual moldboard with side effects of deep loosening tillage, dehumification was of 0.027% per year. In the process of researches it is established that the cultivation of crops in crop rotation on environmentally acceptable technologies with application of the average rate of organic fertilizers on the background recommended for the Central zone of the Krasnodar region the main processing system contributes more to the preservation of humus in the soil compared to extensive technology (control) to 0.04 % and 0.06 – 0.07 percent when using this technology on the background of moldboard and subsurface tillage treatments of the soil