№ 137(3), March, 2018
Public date: 30.03.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 15, 44 kb
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DISPERSAL OF COLIBACILLOSIS IN PIGS AND THE WAY OF ITS SPECIFIC PROPHYLAXIS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionOne of the most widespread infections affecting newborn pigs is colibacillosis. The set of factors contributes to the development of this disease: non-compliance with elementary veterinary health regulations of conducting pig-breeding, an error in technologies of contents and feeding, stressful situations, and as a result, emergence of the specific factors contributing to illness emergence (dysbacterioses, activation of conditionally pathogenic microflora). In addition, not always specific prophylaxis of colibacillosis is in due time and successfully carried out that is generally bound to disharmony of antigenic composition vaccine drug and originator of the pathogenic potential. In this connection, use of new agents and ways of improvement of prophylaxis of colibacillosis for pigs is represented a current problem in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this work was studying diffusion of colibacillosis among bacterial infections of pigs and establishment preventive efficiency of colibacillosis anatoxin at vaccination the pregnant pigs. Dispersal of colibacillosis was studied in a complex with use the epizootological, anamnestic, clinical, pathologicoanatomic, bacteriological methods of research and also on basis materials the veterinary reports of economy. Allocation of microorganisms was carried out with use differential and diagnostic, selective mediums, identification − with use of traditional methods of bacteriological diagnostics, on the basis cultural, the tinktorial and biochemical properties. Researches showed what colibacillosis at pigs is registered in 37,5-51,4% of cases and wins first place among infections of pigs of a bacterial etiology. When studying efficiency prophylaxis of colibacillosis with bacterination use the pregnant pigs anatoxin containing three types inactivated by formalin exotoxins of the Escherichia coli, have established decrease in indicators of incidence and lethality also high safety of pigs (96%) concerning Escherichia coli
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe aim of the research was to determine rational design parameters of a screw with variable step of press-extruder, which will allow to consider their physical condition and to obtain optimal density of sunflower cake, in loose and granular types for cattle on the basis of a psychological experiment or a priori ranking factors. Before the start of the study chose the factors that affect the density of sunflower meal. In the initial stage of studying the density of sunflower cake in addition to the analysis of the literature and previously obtained materials, we will conduct a psychological experiment or a priori ranking factors. Procedure of a psychological experiment was carried out in the following way. Each expert in the survey was asked to complete a form, in which were the factors, their dimensions and the anticipated intervals of variation. A specialist had to appoint the place of each factor and to include in the questionnaire other, not included into consideration factors or to express an opinion about the change of intershafts of variation. According to the survey we have calculated the coefficient of concordance and after it is evaluated determined by its significance for the Pearson criterion. After checking of the coefficient of concordance according to the Pearson criterion we have plotted rank distribution of factors influencing the density of sunflower oilcake by types, reflecting the collective opinion of experts. On the basis of the conducted expert assessment, the most significant factors affecting the density of sunflower cake, crumbled and granulated types are: (x1) the angle of taper of the screw (x2) step spiral auger 2, (X3) step revolution of the screw of the 1st winding. The proposed design parameters of the variable pitch screw press extruder can be attributed to the rational, since they allow not only to obtain the desired density of sunflower cake, in loose and granular types for cattle, but also to consider its physical and mechanical properties
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Description
As a result of 12-year research, we define the influence of management and control factors on the population of pests and disease damage of four varieties of winter wheat KNIISH of PP Lukyanenko in order to optimize the plant protection factor. The quantitative characteristics of populations of pests and diseases essentially depend on the agronomist and weather predictors. It has been established that for 8 years the population of winter wheat by the larvae of the piano was higher than the EPO and the protection has been important economic and agro-politic. The maximum population of ears of wheat thrips was observed in 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014 and amounted to 24.2-35.3 specimens / ear, which was the basis for the use insecticides. With optimal weather predictors in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, the population of ears of larvae of wheat mosquito (without plant protection) was from 15.3 to 19.0 specimens / ear, which is higher than the EPO. Monitoring of the dynamics the development of diseases allowed conclusion that the state of the population of pathogens is limited by the levels of fertility and mineral nutrition and weather predictors. The isolation of the values of these indicators in different periods of development of pests allows to optimize the implementation of operational measures with the contribution of the plant protection factor to the productivity of winter wheat from 7 to 42%
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MECHANIZATION PRODUCTION PROCESSES STRATEGY OF HIGH QUALITY WHEAT GRAIN
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article presents a production system analysis of high-quality winter wheat grain and the problem solution methods based on mechanization production processes strategy through a new generation of equipment and innovative improvement of machine technologies were outlined. Deterioration of grain quality indicators in the country was marked: the proportion of strong wheat is not more than 0.5% of commodity grain resources, and about 80% of exportable parties is wheat of 4...5 classes. Thus, it is possible due to the process mechanization to raise the grain quality. A well-known method of functional-cost analysis was applied to ground machine technological operations, which are the first to be developed in order to improve the wheat quality in the entire technological system, the demand for which is reduced abroad. The basic technological principles of production of high-quality grain were designed. They have three subsystems: the structure of the wheat varieties for the agricultural producer, the previous crops for wheat, features of cultivation technology of valuable varieties on the basis of intelligent manufacturing systems machines. The mechanization of high quality grain production processes was proposed. It can provide engine technology improvement due to rational composition machine-tractor units of new generation. They allow to abandon the outdated usual items of machinery used in their system and dramatically raise labor productivity due to the combination of operations, quality of work, yield and reduce costs. The features of mechanization on harvesting and post-harvest grain refinement are reflected with the aim of improving its quality. Applied to various forms of management, intellectual grain sorting means of mechanization recommended, which contribute to an increase in wheat quality. The impact of "neveika" technology with the completion of the heap at the stationary place on the grain quality improvement was marked
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CROP YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY GRAIN WITH THE APPLICATION OF VARIOUS GROWING TECHNOLOGIES
DescriptionThe experiment considered the influence of different methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley in the dependence of the investigated factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of multifactorial long-term soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa, winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat, corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat, spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary experience is represented by the following factors: the level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B); plant protection system (factor C) and methods of basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship between the influence of the soil fertility level, fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were determined. The soil is leached super-heavy light-clay chernozem with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil treatment, seeding method, protective means increase the yield of winter barley and positively influences the elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8 c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%) had a certain influence on the number of productive stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage (32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the spike and also influenced the mass of grain from the spike