№ 147(3), March, 2019
Public date: 29.03.2019
Archive of journal: Articles count 13, 41 kb
-
RICE VARIETY CALLED LEADER: BIOLOGI-CAL BASIS OF AGROTECHNICAL ELEMENTS
DescriptionRussian rice variety called Leader is widely cultivated in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. Elite seeds of the variety are produced in the Krasnodar region. Leader possesses field resistance to blast disease. One of the mechanisms for the formation of rice plant resistance to the causative agent of the fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cav is an increased accumulation of silicon (SiO2). Biochemistry studies have shown that pathogen-resistant varieties accumulate up to 19% silicon in flowering scales, and susceptible - less than 14%. The article presents the study materials of rice plants of the rice variety Leader with sowing rates of 700 and 350 seeds per m2 in the field trials. As a result, a correlation has been established between the plant density of the rice variety Leader, the silica content in the flowering scales of the kernels and the damage to the plants by blast disease. Shoots of rice were obtained when wet, so field germination reached 69-70%. In the first variant, the number of sprouting exceeded 490 pcs/m2 with single-stem plants having poorly developed panicles and partially infected by P. oryzae. The yield of rice was 5.75 t/ha. In the second variant, the density of seedlings was 244 pcs/m2. The plants were well developed, they formed 2 and more shoots at tillering and had large panicles without signs of disease. The yield was 8.10 t/ha. Biochemical analysis showed that in the first variant, the flower scales of single-stem plants contained 13.8% SiO2, and in the second 19.5%. The conclusion was made that for such varieties as Leader, the high density of plant stand is unacceptable. Under conditions of increased competition, rice plants form a weak root system, accumulate little silicon, and therefore can be affected by blast disease. When studying the reaction of the plants of rice variety Leader to different levels of mineral nutrition, it has been defined that the optimal development of plants occurs at the plant density of 240-250 pcs/m2 and the level of mineral nutrition N120P100K50
-
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the research on modeling of working bodies of agricultural equipment by methods of engineering geometry and computer graphics. The design and the principle of operation of the equipment on the basis of working bodies in the form of screw drums is shown on the example of a device for the preparation of concentrated feed
-
METHODS AND RESULTS OF THE SEED MATERIAL FRICTION COEFFICIENT DETERMINING USING AN AUTOMATED DEVICE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article describes the automated method of friction coefficient determination of row crops seeds using different types of surface, including modern polymer and composite materials. It is revealed that the friction coefficient characterizes the friction properties of seeds arising in the process of mechanical action during harvesting, transportation, storage and processing, as well as changes over time depending on the state of the surfaces, contact time, humidity, relative velocity and other parameters. The problem of lack of friction coefficients values for rest and dynamic friction coefficients for the polymeric and composite materials which are actively applied today at industrial production of agricultural machinery is designated. The design and general view of the device which helps to determine friction coefficient excluding the human factor (operator error) are presented. The operation principle of the developed device is described and the processing method of experimental data is given. Experimental data were obtained and statistical processing was carried out to identify the static and dynamic friction coefficients of seeds. Integral ( ) and differential ( ) graph for the distribution of friction coefficient average values for pairs "type of seed material – type of friction surface" are constructed